SERRATULA. 



Italy. Gmelin fays it is ufed in the former country for 

 dyeing yellow, birch-leaves being fuperadded. This fpecies 

 is thrice as large as the tinSoria ; the kavts always deeply 

 pinnautid ; thejlotuers much larger, furiii(hed with radiating 

 marginal florets, which, though deilitute oi Jlametts, pro- 

 duce feed. 



3. S. quinquefolia. Five-leaved Saw-wort. Willd. n. 3. 

 Ait. n. 3. — Leaves ferrated, deeply pinnatifid, five or feven- 

 lobed. Flowers fimply corymbofe. Inner fcales of the 

 calyx elongated and coloured. — Native of the north of Per- 

 fia Introduced into the gardens of England by Mr. Bu(h, 

 in 1804. A hardy perennial, flowering in July and Auguft. 

 Very like the lad, but the leaves have only two or three pair 

 of lobes ; the calyx is rather fmaller, and not downy, its 

 long coloured inner fcales refembling a radiant corolla. 

 Florets uniform, irilldenetu. The fpecitic name is excep- 

 tionable, for, by this author's own account, the leaves are 

 only pinnatifid. 



4. S. humilis. Humble Saw-wott. Desfont. Atlant. 

 V. 2. 244. t. 220. Willd. n. 4. (Jacea fupina, carhnte 

 capitulo acaule, tola incana ; Bocc. Muf. 146? J. incana 

 chamsleouis capitulo; ibid, t; 109?)— Leaves pinnatifid, 

 ■with oblong entire fegments ; downy beneath. Flower fo- 

 litary. Calyx hoary, with fpreading-pointed fcales, — Na- 

 tive of Sicily and Barbary, flowering in fiimmer. An ele- 

 gant httle perennial plant, with fcveral fpreading radi- 

 cal leaves, either fimply or interruptedly, but always 

 very deeply, pinnatifid ; fmooth above. Floiver rofe-co- 

 loured. Itsjlali appears to vary in length, being fometimes 

 nearly wanting. 



5. S. mollis. Soft-leaved Saw-wort. Cavan. Ic. v. i. 

 62. t. 90. f.' I. Willd. n. 5. — Leaves pinnatifid, with ob- 

 long, obtufe, entire fegments ; downy beneath. Flower 

 fohtary. Calyx downy, with ereft fcales.— Native of hills 

 in Spain, flowering in June. Cavanilles fays the root is an- 

 nual, but Willdenow thought it feemed perennial. The 

 latter, who had feen dried fpecimens of this and the laft, 

 was perfuaded of their being diftin£l, and, befides the cha- 

 rafters given above, he remarks that the feed-donun of the 

 prefent fpecies is moll feathery. 



6. S. pygmxa. Dwarf Linear Saw-wort. Jacq. Auftr. 

 V. 5. 20. t. 440. Willd. n 6. (Cnicus pygm^us ; Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 1 156.) — Leaves nearly linear, revolute, looftly 

 hairy. Stem leafy, hairy, fingle-flowered. Calyx-fcales 

 ovato-lanceolate, ereft. — Found by Jacquin on the celebrated 

 Auftrian mountain called Schneeberg, in 1761. Clufius ap- 

 pears to have gathered the fame in Hungary, and Scopoli in 

 Carniola. The perennial root, furnillicd with long black 

 fibres, is crowned with a tuft of numerous fpreading leaves, 

 each two or three inches long, not half an inch wide, green 

 on both fides, though clothed with Inofe fcattered white 

 hairs ; their margin either entire, or diftantly toothed. 

 Similar, though rather ihorter, leaves clothe the fimple^fm, 

 which is from two to five inches high, hollow, hairy, 

 bearing one upright purplilh Jloiuer, with prominent 

 violet anthers. The fcales of the calyx are broad, flat, 

 purplilh and downy. This is one of the rareil a'pine 

 plants, nearly related to the following, but certainly 

 diftinft. 



7. S. alpha. Alpine Saw-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 114J. 

 Willd. n. 7. Fl. Brit 11.2. Engl. Bot. t 599. Lightf. 

 Scot 448 t. 19. (Cirfium montanuni humile, cynoglodse 

 folio, poly;.nthemum ; Dill. Elvh. 82. t. 70.) 



e. S. difcolor. Willd. n. 8. (Cirfium n. 179; Hall. 

 Hill v. I. 77. t. 6. C. n. 52 ; Gmel. Sib. v. 2. 67. t. 26, 

 Herb. Linn, from the author. Carduus moliif, foliis la- 

 patlii; Ger Em. 1184.) 



Leaves cottony and white beneath, toothed, pointe(J, 

 ovato-lanceolate, undivided ; the radical ones fomewhat ovate 

 or heart-fliaped. Flowers corymbofe. Calyx clothed with 

 foft hairs. — Native of the higheft mountains of Europe, 

 particularly Siberia, Wales, Scotland, and Switzerland, 

 flowering in July and Auguft. There can be no doubt that 

 all the fynonyms here cited belong to one fpecies, nor is it 

 eafy to mark the limits of even its varieties. The root is pe- 

 rennial, tough, and woody. Stem from three to twelve 

 inches, or more, in height, fimple, leafy, ftriated, cottony, 

 crowned with a level-topped tuft of elegant Jloiuers, on 

 rtalks of various lengths. Calyx of many foft, brown, 

 hairy fcales. Florets pink, witti blue or violet anthers. 

 The leaves are exceflively variable in fliape, from lanceolate 

 to broadly heart-fiiaped ; their margin toothed, fometimes 

 wavy ; their footjlalks long and llender, fliort and thick, 

 or altogether wanting. The upper furface of each leaf 

 is green, fmooth, and nearly or quite naked ; the under 

 covered with denfe, white, cottony down. The nar- 

 roweft-leaved fpecimens grow in rich ground, amongll other 

 plants. 



8. S. angujlifolia. Narrow-leaved Saw-wort. Willd. 

 n. 9. (S. alpina i, anguftifoha ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1145. ^"' 

 fium n. 59 ; Gmel. Sib. v. 2. 78. t. 33. Herb. Linn, from 

 the author.) — Leaves linear, revolute, entire; rather hairy 

 beneath. Flowers fomewhat racemofe. Brafteas awl- 

 fhaped. — Gathered by Steller, on the banks ol rivers in the 

 ealtern part of Siberia. A much more flender plant than 

 any variety of the preceding. The Jlem is eighteen to 

 twenty-four inches high, ereft, flender, hollow, llriated, 

 purplilh, nearly fmooth. Leaves fcattered, hardly a line 

 broad, quite entire, paler, and a little hairy, but not 

 cottony, beneath. Flozuers few, on long, fimple, diltant, 

 rather racemofe than corymbofe, (talks. Scales of the 

 calyx ovate, pointed, purplilh or brown, hairy within. 



9. S. falkifolia. Willow-leaved Saw-wort. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1145. Willd. n. 10. Ait. n. 5. (Cirfium n. 53; 

 Gmel. Sib. v. 2. 69. t. 27.) — Leaves linear-lanceolate, en- 

 tire ; white and cottony beneath. Corymb compound, 

 leafy. Scales of the calyx elliptical, ribbed, downy. — 

 Native of Siberia, in dry open rocky places, where it flowers 

 towards the end of July. Mr. Jofeph Bufh is faid to have 

 brought this fpecies into the Enghlh gardens in 1796. It 

 is an elegant hardy perennial, diftinguilhed by the fnowy 

 whitenels of the backs of its leaves, whofe edges are 

 fcarcely, if at all, revolute; their bale tapering djivn into 

 a bordered footjlalk. The Jloiuers rather more refemble 

 thofe of 5. lindoria than of alpina, but the caly.v is flightly 

 cottony. 



10. S. indica. Indian Saw-wort. Willd. n. 11. — " Leaves 

 linear-lanceolate, ferrated, roughilh. Stem panicled. Co- 

 rymbs level-topped." — Native of the Eaft Indies. Stem 

 furrowed, fmooth, four feet high. Upper leaves entire. 

 Corymbs terminating the branches. Calyx cylindrical, with 

 lanceolate, fcariofe, imbricated fcales. Seed-down chaffy, 

 lanceolate, ciliated. Receptacle clothed with lanceolate, 

 acute, ferrat-id, chaffy fcales IVilldeno'U) . 



11. &. muttiflora. Many- flowi red Saw-wort. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1145. Willd. n. 12. (Cirfium n. 54; Gmel Sib. v. 2. 

 71. t. 7.8 ) — Leaves lar;ccolate, rough, fomewhat decurrent, 

 nearly entire : woolly beneath. Stem repeatedly corymbofe, 

 m<niy-tl jwer-jd. Scales of tfie calyx lanceolate, keeled. — 

 Gathered b\ Gmelin in mountainous parts of Siberia. Dr. 

 Fifchfr has fent us a l"fs luxuriant fpecimen from mount Cau- 

 cafns. The ftcms are faid to be decumbent. The leaves vary 

 in breadii;, and are fometimes revolute; the radical ones 

 coarfely toothed. Their green upper furface is rough like a 



file; 



