S E R 



S E R 



file ; the under clothed with loofe white cottony wool. 

 Flowers more or lefs numerous, corymbofi", rofe-coloured, 

 with an cKgan;, (lender, purplifii, llightly downy, calyx. 

 Gmelin himlelt jutlly fays that the Jlntuers in his plate 

 are too large ; yet Linnxus on that account doubts the 

 certainty ot his fynonym, for which there can be no 

 reafon. 



12. S. cafpica. Cafpian Saw-wort. " Pall. It. v. 2. 

 append, n. 121. t. Z." Willd. n. 13. — " Leaves lanceolate, 

 obtufe, entire, fmooth, fomewhat flelhy. Stem corymbofe." 

 — Native of the borders of the Cafpian fea. T\k feed-down 

 is hairy and fringed. Receptacle villous. JVilldenoiu . 



13. S. mucronata. Pointcd-fcaled Saw-wort. Desfont. 

 Atlant. V. 2. 243. t. 219. Willd. r.. 14. — Leaves eUiptic-ob- 

 long, nearly entire, fmooth. Stem with few flowers. Scales 

 of the calyx with recurved membranous points. — Found by 

 Desfontaines, on hills in Barbary near Mafcar, and on mount 

 Atlas, flowering in the early fpring. Root perennial. 

 Whole plant very fmooth, near two feet high. Leaves 

 alternate, entire or finely toothed, from four to fix inches 

 long. Flowers from one to three, rather large, pink, or 

 purplifti, with an ovate fquarrofe calyx: Seed-down and 

 hairs of the receptacle fimple, flender. 



14. S. amara. Bitter. Saw-wort. Linn. Sp. PI. 1 148. 

 Willd. n. 15. (Cirfium n. 55 ; Gmel. Sib v. 2. 72. t. 29.) 

 — Leaves lanceolate, rough-edged, naked, fomewhat decur- 

 rent. Flowers corymbofe. Scales of the calyx dilated and 

 vounded at the extremity. — Native of dry open fields in Si- 

 beria, on a faline foil, abundantly. Gmelin. /Joo/ jis thick as 

 the little finger, perennial, bitter, with a faline flavour. Stem 

 from a fpin to one or two cubits high, fimple or branched, 

 leafy, angular, and furrowed. Leaves four or five inches 

 long, and one broad, coriaceous, tapering at each end, naked 

 and nearly fmooth on both fides, except the edges and mid- 

 rib : the lower ones llalked, toothed ; the upper generally 

 decurrent, and entire Flowers feveral, purple, the fize of 

 Centaurea nigra or Jacea, but in the afpe£l and hue of their 

 calyx moll refembling the latter, except that the round apex 

 of each fcale, though jagged, is not fringed. 



ij. S. cenlauroides. Centaury-like Saw-wort. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. U48. Willd. n. 16. Ait.n. 6. (Carduus n. 38 ; 

 Gmel. Sib. v. 2. 44. t. 17.) — Leaves deeply pinnatifid, 

 acute, fmooth, unarmed. Stem branched. Flowers folitary. 

 Scales of the calyx partly pointed ; the inner ones dilated 

 and membranous. — Native of Siberia. S^-nt by fir Joleph 

 Banks to Kew, in l 804. A hardy perennial, flowering iii 

 July and Augull. This has the habit of feveral Centaurea, 

 but wants the neuter marginal florets. T\\cjhm is a foot or 

 more in height, alternately branched, leafy, angular, fmooth. 

 Leaves rigid or coriaceous, with deep, entire, decurrent feg- 

 ments. Flowers folitary at the top of each branch, large, 

 purple. Calyx ovate, of many ovate acute fcales, feveral of 

 the middlcmult of which bear a fliort fpine, while the inner 

 ones are much elongated into a linear, membranous-tipped 

 appendage. The genus of this plant cannot Vjut be eonfidcrcd 

 as very doubtful, nor can we refer it without fcruple lo Ser- 

 raliila, or Centaurea ; perhaps we fliould, like Gmelin, remove 

 it to Carduus or Cnicus, the calyx anfwering Tci"y nearly to 

 that of the arvenjis. 



16. S.japonica. Japan Saw-wort. Tluiiib. Jap. 305. 

 Willd. n. 17. — Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, rough on both 

 fides. Corymb compound. Scales of the calyx dilated and 

 rounded at the extremity. Gathered by Tliunberg in Japan. 

 Thcjlem is a yard high, fcarcely branched, leafy, llrongly 

 angular and furrowed, rough with minute hairs. J^caves 

 flalkcd, fomewhat lyrate, three or four inches long. Flowers 



numerous, in a compound level-topped corymb, rather 

 fmaller than thofe of Serratula arvenjis. Calyx-fcales tipped 

 with an elegant, purple, notched, membranous dilatation. 



17. S. cilista. Fringed Saw-wort. Vahl. Symb. v. i. 

 67. Willd. n. 18. — Leaves feflile, lanceolate, undivided, 

 fringed with minute fpines ; downy underneath. — Gathered 

 by Forfliall, in gardens at the village of Bujuchtari, near 

 Conftantinople. Willdenow erroneoufly makea this fpecies 

 a native of Egypt. Forfkall took it for the Linna:an S. ar- 

 venjis. Vahl, who had examined his original fpecimens, de- 

 fcribes ihejlem as herbaceous, branched, ftriated ; hoary ia 

 the upper part. Leaves feflile, an inch and a half long, 

 tapering at the bafe, obtufe, finely ferrated, with fpinou* 

 teeth ; the upper fide green, flaaggy ; the under hoary and 

 downy. Flowtrs fmaller than a hazel-nut, llalked, two or 

 three at the end of each branch. Calyx-fcales fmooth j the 

 outermolt ovate, keeled at the fummit, and pointed ; the 

 inner ones lanceolate. Seed-down iezlhery. This may poffi- 

 bly, like the following, belong to Cnicus. 



18. S. felofa. Briftly Saw-wort. Willd. n. 19. — • 

 " Leaves oblong, fmooth, finely ferrated, fringed with 

 briltles, obtufe, pointed. Stem corymbofe." — Native of 

 Silefia ; obferved by the Rev. Mr. Seeliger. Root bien- 

 nial. Stem furrowed, fmooth, corymbofe and level-topped. 

 Leaves copious, alternate, an inch long (or broad?) green 

 on both fides, fmooth, undivided, very minutely ferrated, each 

 ferrature tipped with a brillly point. Flower-Jlalks hoary. 

 Calyx nightly downy, with ovate, acute, obfcurely-pointed 

 fcales. Willdenow, from whom we borrow this defcrip- 

 tion, fays the plant is like Cnicus (his Serratula) arvenfis, 

 except in the form of its leaves, and fmallnefs of the flowers. 

 If fo, it perhaps is likewife a real Cnicus, and perennial ; fee 

 our obfervations under the generic charadlcr. 



Serratula, in Gardening, contains plants of the tall, 

 hardy, herbaceous, perennial kind, of which the fpecies 

 cultivated are ; the long-leaved faw-wort (S. noveboracen- 

 fis) ; the tall faw-wort (S. praealta) ; the glaucous-leaved 

 faw-wort (S. glauca) ; the rough-headed faw-wort (S. 

 fquarrofa) ; the ragged-cupped faw-wort (S. fcariofa) ; and 

 the fpiked faw-wort (S. fpicata). 



Method of Culture. — Thefe plants may all be increafed by 

 parting the roots, and planting them out in the autumn, when 

 the ftems decay, or in the fpring ; but the former is the 

 better feafon. The old plants fliould not be parted oftener 

 than every third year, and then not too fmali. 



They are likewife all capable of being increafed by feeds, 

 when they can be had good, which fliould be fown in the au- 

 tumn or eariy fpring, in a border to the call, in flight drills. 

 When the plants are a few inches high, they fliould be 

 pricked out in nurfcry-rows to remain till the following 

 autumn, and then planted out where they arc to remain. 



They afford ornament in the borders, clumps, &c. being 

 planted to the middle or the back parts. 



SERRATLTM, and SEiutuLATUM, Folium,in Botany, fo 

 called from ferra, a faw, the teeth of which arc imitated in 

 their margins. See Leaf. 



SERRATUS, in /Inatomy, a name given to different 

 mufcles attached to the ribs, and arifing by feveral diitinft 

 portions, fo as to have a ferrated edge. In French they are 

 called dentile. 



Serkatus Amicus, the name under which Albinus de- 

 fcribes the peftoralis minor. It is alfo called fcrratus mi- 

 nor anticus. 



Serhatu.s Magnus, (fcrratu.'! major anticus; le grand 



dcntele ; fcapulo coflicn,) a large mufcle of the fliouldcr, 



broad and flat, lying between the fcapula and the cheft, and 



R r 2 extending 



