S E R 



S E R 



Latimer, in his diocefe of Worcefter, went ftill further, 

 and iffued injunAions to the prior and convent of St. Mary, 

 forbidding in their fervice all manner of finging. In the 

 reign of Edward VI. a commiffion \Tas granted to eight 

 bifhops, eight divines, eight civihans, and eight common 

 lawyers, to compile a body 'of fuch ecclefialUcal laws as 

 fliould in future be obferved throughout the realm. The 

 refult of this compilation was a work, firft pubhfhed by 

 Fox the Martyrologift, in 1571, and afterwards in 1640, 

 •under the title of " Reformatio Legum Ecclefiafticarum." 

 Thefe thirty-two commiflioners, inftead of reprobating 

 church mufic, merely condemned figurative and operofe 

 mufic, or that kind of finging which abounded with fugues, 

 refponfive paflages, and a commixture of various and intri- 

 cate proportions ; which, whether extemporary or written, 

 is by muficians termed defcant. However, notwithftanding 

 the objeftions againit choral mufic, and the praftice of 

 fome of the reformed churches, the compilers of the Eng- 

 lifh liturgy, in 154S, and the king himfelf, determined to 

 retain mufical fervice. Accordingly the ftatute 2 & 3 

 Edw. VI. cap, I. though it contains no formal obligation 

 ■on the clergy, or others, to ufe or join in either vocal or in- 

 ftrumental mufic in the common prayer, does clearly recog- 

 nize the practice of finging ; and in lefs than two years 

 after the compiling of king Edward's liturgy, a formula 

 was compofed, which continues, with fcarcely any variation, 

 to be the rule for choral fervice even at this day. The au- 

 thor of this work was John Marbecke, or Marbeike ; and 

 it was printed by Richard Grafton, in 1550, under the title- 

 of the Book of Common Prayer, noted. Queen Mary la- 

 boured to re-eftablifh the Romifii choral fervice ; but the 

 accedion of Elizabeth was followed by the aft of uni- 

 formity ; in confequence of which, and of the queen's in- 

 junftions, the Book of Common Prayer, noted by Mar- 

 becke, was confidered as the general formula of choral fer- 

 vice. In 1560, another mufical fervice, with fome addi- 

 tions and improvements, was printed by John Day ; and in 

 1565, another coUeftion of Offices, with mufical notes. 

 Many objections were urged by Cartwright, and other Puri- 

 tans, againit the form and manner of cathedral fervice, to 

 which Hooker rephed, in his Ecclefiallical Polity. In 

 1664, the ilatutes of Edward VI. and Elizabeth, for uni- 

 formity in the common prayer, were repealed ; and the di- 

 reftory for public worihip, which allows only of the fing- 

 ing of pfalms, eftabhftied. But upon the reftoration of 

 Charles II. choral fervice was again revived, and has fince 

 uniformly continued. The Quakers objeft to finging as a 

 part of public worihip, and accordingly it is never praftifed 

 in their meetings. To this refpeftable body we here make 

 an apology for a jeu d'efprit of our learned coadjutor. Dr. 

 B., who compiled part of the article Liturgy, which 

 efcaped him, notwithftanding his well-known liberality and 

 candour, and which was undoubtedly unfeafonably intro- 

 duced, in an account of their public worfhip. Religious 

 feruples, though in fome refpefts unfounded and unwar- 

 rantable, when ferioufly avowed, are not fit fubjeAs of ridi- 

 cule. See on this fubjeft Hawkins's Hid. of Mufic, vol. i. 

 p. 404. vol. ii. p. 264. vol. iii. p. 58 — 468, &c. vol. iv. 

 p. 44 — 347. Burney's Hift. Muf. vol. ii. ch. i. paffim. 



Services ef the Church. (See Cathedral Ser-vkes.) 

 Thefe have been collcfted, and fplendidly and accurately 

 publifhed in fcore, by doftors Green, Boyce, and Arnold. 

 Thefe valuable pubUcations appeared in the following order, 

 and are reputable monuments of the abilities of our old 

 mafters in the ecclefiaitical ftyle of compofition, equal, at 

 leaft, to contemporary produftions by the greateft contra- 

 p^ntifts CD the continent. 



Cathedral Music ; being a coUeftion in fcore of the 

 molt valuable and ufeful compofitions for the fervice by the 

 feveral Englifh mafters of the lait 200 years, the whole fe- 

 lefted and carefully revifed by Dr. William Boyce, organift 

 and compofer to the royal chapels, and mailer of his ma- 

 jefty's band of muficians. Vol. i. 1760. 



The fecond volume was publifhed in 176S, and tlie third 

 in 1773. Thefe were both dedicated to his majefty. 



In 1780, Dr. Samuel Arnold, organift and compofer to 

 his majefty's royal chapels, publifhed, in the fame fplendid 

 manner, a firft volume, in continuation of this colleftion 

 of fervices and full and verfe anthems of old mafters ; and 

 in 1790 a fecond and third volume, all dedicated to the 

 king. 



There is likewife, in the Britifh Mufeum, Bibl. Harl. 

 7337' Plut. VI. B. a colleftion of Englifti church mufic, 

 in fix vols. 4to. all tranfcribed for and dedicated to the right 

 hon. Edward lord Harley, by Dr. Thomas Tudway, mufic 

 profefTor of Cambridge. In thefe volumes, among fome 

 compofitions of no great merit, there are many valuable pro- 

 duftions by Tye, Tallis, Bird, Morley, Gibbons, Child, 

 Blow, Purcell and Crofts, that have never yet been pub- 

 bfhed. 



Service, Cathedral. See Cathedral Service. 



SERVicE-TVff, in Botany, a corruption of the Latin SoR- 

 Bus ; fee that article, as well as Pyrus and Mespilus. 



SERVICE-7rfC, Wild. See CRATa;GUS. 



SERVIENTES Virgatores. " See Vibgatores. 



SERVIERE, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lozere ; i 5 miles N. VV. of Mende. 



SERVIERES, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Correze, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 

 Tulle; 13 miles S.E. of Tulle. The place contains 1115, 

 and the canton 8567 inhabitants, on a territory of 265 kilio- 

 metres, in 10 communes. 



SERVILE, in Hebrew Grammar, the denomination of 

 a clafs of letters ufed in contradillinftion to radical. The 

 latter conftitute roots (which fee), and the former confti- 

 tute derivatives, or branches from thefe roots, and are em- 

 ployed in all the different flexions. Of all the twenty-two 

 letters of the alphabet, any of which may be radicals, there 

 are properly only eleven letters that can claim this title, be- 

 caufe they never can be ferviles. The ferviles are the other 

 eleven letters, by means of which the whole bufinefs of 

 flexion, derivation, numbers, genders, perfons, and tenfes, is 

 accomplifhed. But even thefe letters are fomewhat limited 

 in their fervile power. For only two of them, -oix. '\ and ♦ 

 can be inferted or ingrafted between radical letters ; the 

 others mult be either prefixed or polt fixed to the root. The 

 eleven fervile letters are the following ; {i{, ^, J^, "), 1, 3, S, 



SERVIN, Louis, m Biography, a celebrated lawyer in 

 France, who flourifhed at the fixteenth and beginning of 

 the feventeenth centuries, was defcended of a good family 

 in the Vendomois. He cultivated polite literature with fuc- 

 cefs while he was young, and at an early period became the 

 correfpondent of feveral eminent men of letters in different 

 parts of Europe. In 1589 he was appointed advocate- 

 general to the parhament of Paris, being then, according to 

 Vendome, " a young man of great learning, and much at- 

 tached to the interefts of his majefty Henry III." He dif- 

 tinguifhed himfelf in that ftation by his zealous fupport of 

 the liberties of the GaUican church, and his oppofition to 

 the pretenfions of the court of Rome. His printed plead- 

 ings were honoured with the cenfure of the Sorbonne, and 

 with a virulent attack by a Jefuit of Provence. The title 

 of his work was " Aftions notables et Plaidoyers," In 



1590 



