S H A 



the fortrefs with the greateft bravery, though the befieffers 

 threatened to put her children to death, who were in their 

 hands. At length the place was taken, and Catherine fent 

 prifoner to Rome, but fhe foon recovered her liberty, and 

 was married to John de Medicis, to whofe family fhe ren- 

 dered very eminent fervices. 



Sforza, Isabella, an ingenious lady of the fame family 

 in the fixteenth century. Her letters were printed at Venice 

 in 1549, by Hortenfio Laudo. 



SFRONDATI, Francis, a fenatorof Milan, and coun- 

 fellor of ftate to the emperor Charles V. On the death of 

 his wife he entered into orders, and was elevated to the car- 

 dinalfhip. He died in 1550, aged 56. A poem of his, on 

 the " Rape of Helen," was printed at Venice in 1559. His 

 fon Nicholas became pope by the name of Gregory XIV : 

 there was another cardinal of this name and family, who 

 wrote feveral works againft the liberties of the Gallican 

 church. He died in 1 696. 



SFUGGITO, Ital. in Mufic, to (hun, avoid, go out at 

 the common way : as caden%a sfuggita, a difappointed ca- 

 dence. This happens when the bafe feems preparing for 

 a full clofe ; inftead of falling a 5th or rifing a 4th, it rifes 

 only one tone or femitone, or falls a 3d ; or in other 

 words, when all the parts avoid their natural and expefted 

 conclufion. 



SFUMBERG, in Geography, a town of Bohemia, in 

 the circle of Chrudim ; 5 miles S.S.E. of Chrudim. 



SGIGATA, Sgzgata, or Stora, a town of Africa, in 

 the country of Algiers, anciently called Riificada ; fituated 

 near the coait of the Mediterranean. A few cifterns are 

 the only remains of its ancient fplendnur ; 30 miles W. of 

 Bona. N. lat. 36= 48'. E. long. 6° 40'. 



SGIGATCHEE, or Suigatchee Jeung, a town of 

 Thibet, fituated in a narrow valley, on a ridge of rock, fo as 

 to command the road near the river Painom-tchieu ; 130 

 miles W.S.W. of LafTa. N. lat. 29= 5'. E. long. 88" 52'. 

 SGRAFFIT, Sgraffiata, in Painting. See Scuatch- 

 •WORK. 



SHAAB al Tadayn, in Geography, a dry (helf in the Red 

 fea, extending from N.E. by E., deriving its name from 

 its fuppofed refemblance to two arms wide open with 

 their hands, fituated at the end of a great bay, far out 

 to fea. There is a fecure harbour on the fide towards the 

 land. 



SHAAL Stone, in Mineralogy. See Tabular Spar. 

 SHAB, in /IgricuUure, a difeafe of (heep. See Scab. 

 Shab, or Sheb, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 county of Nubia ; 400 miles S.S.W. of Cairo. N. lat. 

 23° 35'. E. long. 30" 30'. 



SHABADPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Oude ; ;o 

 miles W. of Kairabad. 



SHABALA, a name of a wonderful boon-granting cow, 

 often fpoken of in Hindoo romance ; but more commonly 

 under the name of Surabhi ; which fee. 



SHABALEG, in Geography, a mountain of Turkeflan ; 

 70 miles N.N.E. of Toncat. 



SHABAMOUSHWAN Lake, a lake of Canada ; 

 210 miles N.N.W. of Quebec. N. lat. 49° 10'. W. 

 long. 75^. 



SHABAT, a town of the kingdom of Charafm ; 95 

 miles S.S.E. of Urgheuz. 



SHABAYAGAN, ariverof Canada, which runs into 

 lake Michigan, N. lat. 48^ 30'. W. long. 86' 45'. 



SH AB AZPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Allahabad ; 

 16 miles S.E. of Corah. 



SHABRAN, a town of Perfia, in the province of Schir- 

 van ; 40 miles N.E. of Schamachie. 



S H A 



SHABUR, a town of Perfia, in the province of Irak ; 

 6 miles S.W. of Calbin. — Alfo, a town of Egypt, on the 

 weft branch of the Nile, thought to be the ancient Andro- 

 polis; 50 miles N.N.W. of Cairo. N. lat. 30'^ 47'. E. 

 long. 31°. _ 



SHACK, in ylncient Cujlorrs, a libertv of winter-paf- 

 turage. In the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, the lord 

 of the manor has fliack, i. e. a liberty of feeding his (heep 

 at pleafure, in his tenants' knds, during the fix winter 

 months. 



In Norfolk, (hack alfo extends to the common for hogs, 

 in all men's grounds, from the end of harveft till feed- 

 ing-time. Whence to go a /hack, is to feed at large. 



Shack, in Agriculture, provincially to (hed as grain at 

 harvelt. See Harvesting Grain 



Shack, or Shack-corn, a provincial term applied to the 

 waite corn left in the fields at harveft : alfo the ftock turned 

 upon the ftubble after harveft, and likcwife to fuch grounds 

 as lie open to common fields. Pigs are the ftock ufiially 

 employed in gathering this, and in fome parts flocks of 

 geefe and turkies. Where pigs are clovered through the 

 fummcr, they are liniflied with the (hacks and the acorns ; 

 but fome farmers are fo improvident, as neither to feed 

 their clovers in that advantageous way, nor even keep pigs 

 enough to pick up the wafte corn, which is fometimes ab- 

 folutely fuffered to rot in the fields. Young pigs anfwer 

 well in this ufe, as they thrive greatly, efpecially when bred 

 upon the farm. 



SHACK-/"ori, provincially a wooden fork for fhaking 

 ftraw off the barn-floor, made of forked willow, &c. 



SHACKLEFORD, in Geography, a poft-town of 

 America, in Virginia; 143 miles W.S.W. of Wafhing- 

 ton. 



SHACKLES, in Ship-BuilJing, the fmall ring-bolts 

 driven through the ports, or fcuttles, and through which 

 the lafhings or an iron hook paffes when the ports arc 

 barred in. There are alfo fhackles put upon billow-bolts, 

 for confining feamen, &c. who have deferved corporal 

 punifhment. 



SHACORA, in Geography, a town of Egypt, on the 

 coaft of the Red fea ; 65 miles S. of El Cofeir. 



SHAD, Alalsa, in Ichthyology, the name of a fea-fifh, 

 called alfo the mother of herrings, and by fome authors clupea 

 and trijfa, by the ancients trichis, or trichias, and the cli^ea 

 alofa of Linnasus. See Clupea. 



It very much refembles the herring in its general form, 

 but it is flatter and broader, and grows to a cubit long, and 

 four inches broad. The head flopes down confiderably 

 from the back, which at the beginning is very convex, and 

 rather fharp ; the body from thence grows gradually left 

 towards the tail ; the under jaw is rather longer than the 

 upper ; the teeth very minute ; the dorfal fin is placed very 

 near the centre, is fmall, and the middle rays are the longeft ; 

 the pectoral and ventral fins are fmall ; the tail very forked ; 

 the belly extremely fharp, and ftrongly ferrated ; the back 

 is of a duflsy blue ; above the gills begins a line of dark 

 fpots, which mark the upper part of the back on each fide ; 

 the number of thefe fpots is different in different fi(h, from 

 four to ten. 



It is very common in many feas, and in fome of our large 

 rivers which lie near the fea. They run up thefe in great 

 numbers, and are then very fat ; they afterwards become 

 lean, and then go down to the fea again. They iifuallj 

 fwim in large fhoals together. 



In Great Britain the Severn affords the (had in higher 

 perfeftion than any other river ; where it firft appears in 

 May, but in very warm feafons in April, and continues 



about 



