S H A 



S H A 



when fung-, if m'l, or fa, is the laft note of the phrafe or 

 palTage. 



ShaKspeake's C/if, or Hi^h Clif, in Geography, a lofty 

 chfF on the E. coaft of Eng-land, in the county of Kent ; 

 fo called from the beautiful defcription of it given by 

 that poet in the tragedy of King Lear ; 2 miles S. of 

 Dover. 



SHAKY, or Shaken, a natural defeft in timber when 

 it is full of fplits or clefts, and will not bear the faftening, 

 or when lawn into plank the caulking. 



SHAL, ill Geography, a diltrift of Perfia, in Balouchiftan, 

 the country of the Balouches, which is confidered by fonie as 

 a province diflinft from Mekran (the ancient Gedrofia), and 

 which commences at Koohinee (the hilly road), 25 miles 

 N.E. of Bayla, or in N. lat. 26' 35', and extends to 

 Noolhky, 79 miles N.W. of Kelat, or in N. lat. 30°. This 

 country is a confufed mafs of mountains, ttirough which 

 the road generally leads in water-courfes. Flocks of fheep 

 .and cattle abound in every part of this country, and it alfo 

 produces great quantities of wheat. It is divided into the 

 two mountainous provinces of Jhalawan and Sarawan, the 

 low country of Cutch Gandava to the E., and the pro- 

 vinces- of Zuhrce and Anund Dijd ; and to thefe may be 

 added the fmall dlltridts of Shal and Muttung, lying N. 

 of Kelat. Shalawan is the moll fouthern province of Ba- 

 louchiftan, and Sarawan (which fee) is the moft northern 

 province. Cutch Gandava, fituated at the bottom of the 

 mountain lying S.E. of Kelat, is about 150 miles long, 

 and 40 or 50 broad. Its foil is rich, black, and loamy, 

 and produces every fpccies of grain, as well as cotton, in- 

 digo, madder, &c. Cutch Gandava exports great quan- 

 tities of grain to the fea-ports of Curachee and Sonmeany, 

 whence it is (hipped to Mufcat, the coaft of Mekran, &c. 

 Anund Dijel lies N. of Cutch Gandava : its climate is 

 good, the (oil excellent, and the produftions abundant ; 

 fo that the khan of Kelat derives a large revenue from this 

 fmall diftritt. Shal and Muftung are (mailer than Anund 

 Dijel, but they are remarkable for their fruits, which are 

 excellent and cheap. The climate is warmer than that 

 of Kelat ; the foil is more fandy ; but the grain and other 

 produfts are the fame. (See Zihkee.) The capital of 

 Balouchiftan is Kelat, a town iurrounded by a mud-wall, 

 and containing 4000 houfes, and about 7000 inhabitants, of 

 whom about 500 are Hindoos. The bazar of Kelat is 

 ■well fupplied, and the town appears opulent, being fre- 

 ' quented by merchants, and carrying on a coiifiderable 

 trade. N. lat. 29° 6'. E. long. 67^ 57'. 



SHALBERG, a mountain of Switzerland ; 4 miles N. 

 of Sargans. 



SHALBERIS, a circar of Hindooftan, bounded on 

 the N. by Goragot and Bettooriah, on the E. and S. by 

 Bettooriah, and on the W. by Bettooriah and Dinagepour ; 

 about 18 miles from N. to S. and nearly as much from E. 

 to W. The chief town fecms to be Cartee. 



SHAI>DEAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar ; 7 

 miles S.W. of Rotafgur. 



SHALE, in Natural Hlflory, a variety of fchiftofe clay: 

 the firft variety is denominated (late clay, the fchiefer Ttion 

 of Werner. (See Clay.) The (econd variety is bituminous 

 date, the brand fchiefer of Werner, of a browiiifti-black, 

 or blackilh-brown, colour, appearing like bad coal ; it is 

 found in confidcrable (tratifitd mallcs ; luftre, o or i ; tranf- 

 parency, o; fraCture (laty ; fragments tabular ; h.irdncis, 5 ; 

 fp. gr. about 2,oco; (Ircak foniewhat gloliy ; effervelc- 

 ing, though very (lowly, with the mineral acids : feeling 

 rather greafy ; placed on burning coals, it burns with a 

 weak flame and fulphureous fincll, the reliduum bcintj light- 



grey ; it fecms to differ from the former variety, in con- 

 taining bitumen. Kirwan. See Tabulau Spah. 



The acid emitted from (hale, during its calcination, unit- 

 ing itfelf to the argillaceous earth of the (hale, forms alum. 

 About a hundred and twenty tons of calcined (hale will 

 make one ton of alum. The ftiale, after being calcined, is 

 (leeped in water, by which means the alum, which is formed 

 during the calcination of the (hale, is diflblved : this diffolved 

 alum undergoes various operations, before it is formed into 

 the alum of the (hops. Watfon's Chem. Eft", vol. ii. p. 315. 

 See Alum. 



This kind of flate forms large ftrata in Derbyfhire ; and 

 that which lies near the furface of the earth is of a fofter 

 and more (hivery texture than that which lies deeper. It is 

 alfo found in large ftrata, generally above the coal, in moft 

 coal counties of this kingdom. Dr. Short informs us, that 

 the fhale waftes the lead ore near it, by its ftrong acid ; and 

 that it corrodes and deftroys all minerals near it, except iron 

 or coal, of whofe vitriol it partakes. See Slate. 



SHALG, in Geography, a town of Turkeilan ; 10 miles 

 S. of Turkcftan. 



SHALLOP, SiiALLoop, or Sloop, is a fmall light veffel, 

 with only a fmall main-maft, and fore-maft, and lug-faib, to 

 hale up, and let down, on occafion. 



Shallops are commonly good failers, and are therefore 

 often ufed as tenders upon men of war. 



The French (liallop is a large-decked floop of burden, 

 ufed in Holland and Flanders, having one maft, carrying a 

 gaff-mainiail. On the fore-iide of the maft, above the gaff, 

 is a fliort fpar projefting forwards ; to which is bent a long 

 narrow fail, the tack of which is made faft to the ftem, and 

 the fheet to the fide near the (hrouds. On the bowfprit are 

 (et two or three jibs, and a fmall maft is often fixed abaft 

 that carries a mizen. 



SHALLOT, in Gardening, the common name of a very 

 ufeful culinary plant. See Allium. 



To what has been faid under the above head, it may here 

 be neceflary to add fome improvements, which have fince 

 been made, in the culture of thefe fmall bulbous roots. As 

 the habits of growth in roots of this nature differ greatly in 

 the different forts, fome requiring to be nearly or quite on 

 the furface of the ground, while others (land in need of 

 being a confiderable depth below it, which has not been 

 well attended to in the garden culture of fuch roots ; it 

 muy be readily fuppofed that thefe have confiderable in- 

 fluence and effedt on the growth of fuch root crops. In 

 confequence of finding that crops of this root generally be- 

 came mouldy and periftied, and that they were ufually 

 planted, from the dircdtions of garden cultivators, at the 

 depth of two or three inches from the furface ; the injury, 

 failure, and deftruft ion of fuch crops, were naturally afcribed 

 to this caufe. A few bulbs or buEichcs of this root were 

 confequently divided, as far as pofTible, into fingle buds or 

 bulbs, and planted upon or rather above the furface of the 

 ground, fome very rich foil being placed underneath them, 

 and the mould on each fide raifed to fupport them, until 

 they became firmly rooted. This mould was then removed 

 by means of a hoe, and the ufe of the watering-pot, and 

 the bulbs of conrfe left wholly out of the ground. The 

 growth of the plants had now fo near a refemblancc to that 

 of the common onion, as not readily to be diftinguiflicd 

 from it, until their irregularity of form, the confequence 

 of the nnmertnis germs within each bulb, became evident. 

 The forms of the bulbs, however, continued conllantly 

 dirterent from all thofe railed in the ordinary method, being 

 much more broad, but of lefs IcHgth. '1 he crop was a 

 great deal better in quality, and at the fame time much 

 2 mure 



