SHE 



a mile in length, from north to fouth, and nearly as much 

 in breadth, from eaft to well. According to the popu- 

 lation cenfus of 1811, it contains 7927 houles, and 35,840 

 inhabitants, being an increafe of 4526 perfons fuicc 1801, 

 the date of the preceding report, notwithllanding the re- 

 tardation its manufafturing prolpcrity has fiiftaiiied during 

 that eventful period. According to Gofliiig's plan of the 

 town, made in 1732, there were 32 ftreets in Sheffield at 

 that time : in 177 1 thefe were increafed by 25 new itreets ; 

 and in 1792, feventeen additional llreets had been made. 



Sheffield is not particularly diftinguiflied by the fupe- 

 riority of its public buildings, which are rather calculated 

 for purpofes of utility than for (how. The principal of 

 them are the Town-hall, built in 1700, Cutlers'-hall, the 

 General Infirmary, the allembly-room, and theatre, and four 

 churches belonging to the eilablifhment. Neither the 

 Town-hall nor Cutlers'-hall deferve attention as architec- 

 tural produftioBS ; but the infirmary' and theatre are hand- 

 fome ftruftures. The former, commenced in 179^, Hands 

 on the well fide of the town ; and in refpeft of iituation, 

 plan, medical aid, ar.d comfortable treatment, may vie with 

 almoft any fimilar inllitution in Great Britain. The latter, 

 which occupies the. fame building with the aflembly-room, 

 ftands in Norfolk-ltreet. The iour churches are Trinity 

 church, St. Paul's, St. James's, and a chapel belonging to 

 the duke of Norfolk's hofpital. Trinity church, anciently 

 called St. Peter's, is the parifh church of Sheffield, and 

 appears to have been eretled as early as the reign of 

 Henry I. On the fouth fide of the chancel is the Shrewf- 

 bury chapel, which contains four monuments to the 

 memory of the earls of Shrewfbury of the family of Talbot : 

 and on the north fide is a monument commemorating judge 

 Jetlbp of Broom-hall, and his lady. At tlie entrance to 

 the fame divifion of the church are depofited the remains of 

 William Walker, of Dariial, in this parilh, who is laid to 

 have been the executioner of Charles I. Bi-fides the above 

 churches, Sheffield contains fcven meeting-houfes for Pro- 

 tellant diflenters, one for Unitarians, two for Methodills, 

 one for Quakers, and a Roman Catholic chapel. 



The duke of Norfolk's hofpital, mentioned above, ftands 

 on the eaftern bank of the Sheaf. It was founded and 

 endowed in 1670, by Henry, earl of Norwich, and received 

 a confiderable acceffion of property by Edward, duke of 

 Norfolk, in 1770. Tlie building confifts of two quad- 

 rangles, each containing eighteen dwellings, for the accom- 

 modation of eighteen men, and the fame number of women, 

 all of whom receive five (hillings a-week, with clotliing and 

 coals. Here is alfo an hnfpital founded by Mr. Thomas 

 HoUis, a merchant of London, in 1703, for poor cutlers' 

 widows ; likewife a free grammar-fchool, and two cliarily- 

 fchools ; one for boys, and another for .jirls. 



The other objects of a public kind which remain to be 

 noticed are, the military barracks, fituatcd at the uorth- 

 eaftern extremity of the town ; and the bridges thrown 

 over the Sheaf and the Don. Tiiat upon the latter river 

 is called Lady's bridge, from a religious houfe, which for- 

 merly Hood near it, and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary. 

 It was built in 148J, but underwent great alterations and 

 improvements in 1762. 



Sheffield lias two market days, weekly, Tucfday and 

 Saturday ; the firft for corn, &c. and the fecond for 

 butchers' meat. There are alfo fifh-markets on Monday 

 and Thurfday, and two annual fairs, one on the firll 

 Tucfday after Whitfun week, and another on the 28th of 

 November. A new market-place, with extenfive and com- 

 modious fliambles and other conveniencies, was fornnd and 

 finifhed here Aug. 31, 1786. Sheffield lupports a weekly 



SHE 



newfpaper, called the " Iris," which is edited by Mr. James 

 Mont^gomery, the author of "The World before the 

 Flood," and other interefting poems. 



The fcenery in the vicinity of this town may be cha- 

 rafterized as romantic. It is furrounded by lofty hills, 

 commanding fine views over a populous and variegated 

 country. At the diftancc of about a mile and a half to the 

 eaft ward, ftand the ruins of Sheffield manor-houfe, the ancient 

 ieat of the earls of Shrewsbury, where cardinal Wolfey 

 was feized with the difeafe which terminated his life about 

 a week afterwards, at the abbey of Leicefter. Wharncliffe 

 park, the feat of the honourable James Archibald Stuart 

 Wortley, fituatcd on the river Don, fix miles to the north- 

 weit of Sheffield, is equally remarkable for the elegance of 

 its manfion, and the beauty of the furrounding grounds. 

 In the neiglibourhood of Sheffield are fome alum mines ; 

 and at Wiekerlley, near the town, is a quarry, which fup- 

 plies the manufatturcrs with grind-ftones for the finer articles 

 of cutlery. Aikin's Defcription of the Country round 

 Mancheiter, 4to. 1795. Magna Britannia, 4to. 1703. 

 Camden's Britannia, fol. edit, 1789. Beauties of England 

 and Wales, vol. xvi. by John Bigland, 8vo. 181 2. Gentle, 

 man's Magazine, April and September, 1764. 



Sheffield, a town of America, in the Itate of Vermont, 



and county of Caledonia, containing 455 inhabitants. 



Alfo, a town of the ftate of Mallachulctts, in the county of 

 Berkffiire ; incorporated in 1733, and containing 2439 in- 

 habitants. It is traverfed by Houfatonic river, which 

 fupplies water for feveral mills and river-works. South 

 mountain extends along the whole length of the town, on 

 the E. fide of the river. 



SHEFFIELDIA, in Botany, Forft. Gen. t. 9, was fo 

 called by Forfter in honour of the Rev. Mr. Sheffield, 

 who;n he defignates as the chief botanift at Oxford. This 

 gentleman was, we believe, one of the companions of the 

 illultrious Banks, in the early part of his ftudies, and re- 

 tained to the la'l a love of the fcience, tliough without 

 having materially contributed to its advancement. He was 

 living as a fellow of a college, at rather an advanced age, in 

 1788. The genus in queltion is now funk in S.i.molus ; 

 fee that article 



SHEFFORD, in Geography, a market-town in the 

 parifh ol Compton, hundred of Clifton, and county of Bed- 

 ford, England, is filuated at ttie diftance of 10 miles S.E. 

 from Bedford, and 41 miles N.N.W. from London. It was 

 formerly a place of much more importance than at prefcnt, 

 and had a large weekly market on Friday, which has now 

 become almoll nominal. Still, however, it podeifes the ad- 

 vantages arifing from f )ur annual fairs, held on the 23d of 

 January, Ealfer Monday, the 19th of May, and the loth 

 of Ottober. The two firft ufually aHord a large fupply of 

 iheep and cows; the third is lefs important ; and the fourth 

 is now onlv a holiday fair. ShefFord is a chapelry, having 

 diltintt officers of its own, and maintaining its own poor. 

 Here is a Roman Caltiohc chapel, endowed with an annual 

 ftipend left in trult for that purpofe. According to the 

 parliamentary returns of 1811, this town contained 123 

 honfea and 536 inhabitants. 



In the p.irifh of Flitton, and at the diftance of about four 

 miles from ShefforJ, is Wreft Park, the feat of baronefs 

 Lucas, as reprefentative of the family of the Greys, earls 

 and dukes of Kent. In its prefcnt ftate the houfe retains 

 little appearance of antiquity, having been at various tiraej 

 altered and modernized. It contains a large collection of 

 portraits, forming nearly a complete ferics of all the mem- 

 bers of the noble family jnft mentioned, from Henry, earl 

 of Kent, one of the peers who lul on the ui»l of Mary, 



queen 



