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celTary knowledge of their bufinefs, as well as the anatomy 

 and phyfiology of Iheep, the food and treatment proper for 

 them in difTc-rent feafons, and the nature of their difeafes, 

 and the common operations refpetting them, efpecially re- 

 gardinaf the parturition of the ewes, &c. And in the Ge- 

 neral Treatife on Cattle, it is remarked, that the method of 

 encouragement, adopted in fome diftriAs, of allowing the 

 fhepherd to poffefs a fmall flock, or as many ewes as his 

 means will allow, is probably one of the moll powerful. It 

 gives him that fteadinefs appertaining to property, and is 

 an additional and itrong incentive to the attainment of 

 knowledge in his bulinefs. A fhepherd fhould be naturally 

 aftive, both in body and mind, clear-headed and clear- 

 fighted ; fuch an one, for inftance, as can diitinguifh the 

 individual countenances of a numerous flock, and running 

 over them with his bodily and mental eye, infl:antly give 

 the exaft number and condition ; or perceive at a glance, a 

 bird's neft; in the thickeft quickfet. Fond of animals and 

 attraftive totjiem, the latter quality of which is well known 

 to inhere in fome perfons ; pofleffing a mufical voice and 

 fhrill whiftle ; hardy, patient, watchful ; fatistied with little 

 fleep, and temperate in drink. It is conceived that he ought 

 never to be fuffered, if he profefs, to praftife phyfic, nor 

 any but the moil eafy and common operations, a farce that 

 too often ends in a tragedy ; for if of two evils we ought 

 to choofe the leafl:, the office of medical praftice had better 

 devolve on the mailer. And for his comfort in the fevere 

 weather, in fome fituations, the moveable wooden houfe on 

 wheels may be of ufe. Alfo that he ought to be clad dur- 

 ing winter, with fubitantial woollen next his fl<in, from his 

 feet upwards, as the bell defence ajtainfl thofe rheumatic 

 ails to which he muft be neccffarily fubjett ; and he fiiould 

 always go provided witli the inltruments proper to his pro- 

 feffion, ready for immediate occalions, namely, fciflbrs, knife, 

 ftecl, fleam, falve-box, &c. And in folding, as the fliep- 

 herd will have the flock perpetually under his eye, the firll 

 writer thinks, he will be capable of judging with certainty 

 and precifion refpefting the Hate of every individual, fo that 

 the earlielt remedy may be applied to every diforder, and fuch 

 ftieep may be turned out of the fold which are found not to 

 be able to go through their work without manifeft injury to 

 their health ; and if a flieep or lamb be feized with a dan- 

 gerous and incurable malady, to kill and drefs it immedi- 

 ately ; for it is one part of the bufinefs of a fhepherd to be 

 fo far fliilled in the butcher's trade, as to be able to flaughter, 

 flea, and drefs a fheep on occafion. Farther, that a good 

 fliepherd will be careful that his flock be driven late to 

 fold of an evening, and releafed early in the morning from 

 their confinement, in order that they may enjoy the coolell 

 parts of the day on the food. He will be cautious that 

 they are allowed a fufficient time to graze in the uplands pre- 

 vious to their being driven into the fold, that they may retire 

 to reft with full bellies, by which the quantity of the dung 

 and urine will be confiderably augmented. He will like- 

 wife be careful in reviewing the hurdles, and providing that 

 thefe are fixed in the ground, left by any accident they 

 fhould be thrown down during the night, and the flock by 

 thefe means get into mifcliief, or intermix with other (heep ; 

 he will count his fheep regularly every evening when he drives 

 them to the fold, and take a frefii tale in the morning, when 

 he turns then^ on their feed ; he will, previous to difmiffing 

 them from the fold, worry them gently round the fame, in 

 order to caufe them to dung and Hale plentifully, that the 

 manure may be left in the field, othcrwife the greatefl part 

 of the trundles will be dropt on the road, or carried on to 

 the marfh, where lying thin, this dreffing can do but little 

 fervice, and where in truth it is not wanted ; he will bellow 



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a particular attention on every individual in his flock, and for 

 thofe which fliew any appearance of being ftung by the fly, 

 he will be prepared with a pair of flieers to clip away the ' 

 wool from the part, and having taken out the maggots, will 

 anoint the place with a mixture of train-oil and brimftone ; 

 but if (lightly attacked, he will dellroy the maggots by 

 itrewing on them powder of white lead ; and if any of the 

 flock fiiould haply break with the fcab, a diforder to which 

 folding Iheep are continually tubjeft, and which feldom fails 

 to ftiew itfelf in the fpring and fall, he will be provided with 

 a proper remedy to keep tt under, and prevent the contagion 

 from fpreading. See Scab. 



It is likewife thought, that one fliepherd will be able to 

 look after three hundred fheep. 



In refpeft to the neceffity of a dog, as an affiftant to the 

 fhepherd, Mr. Lawrence thinks, that it has of late very 

 rationally become a queilion among the moil intelligent 

 fheep-mallers : it may probably be thus fettled, — there can 

 be no occafion for fuch aid, nor any neceffity for incurring 

 the danger of it, amidil convenient inclofures, or where 

 quiet breeds of fiieep are kept, and where it is made an ob- 

 jeft to render them tame and docile : and if upon extenfive 

 wattes and mountain diftridts, the fervice of dogs cannot 

 well be difpenfed with, it ought to be made a main point, 

 that they be trained early to a kindnefs for the fheep, and to 

 view them rather as their companions, than their prey ; a 

 thing which he knows by experience to be moll ealy ; and 

 he alfo knows that luch dogs are infinitely of the greater ufe, 

 as the fheep, far from dreading or fhunning, will run to 

 them, in cafe of need, for protedlion ; and he has often 

 witnefled the carefTes and gambols of thefe and the lambs, 

 with a delight which he never experienced in the combats of 

 animals. 



Shepherds of Egypt, Shepherd kings, or royal Shepherdr, 

 in /Indent Hiflory, the denomination of a clafs of inhabit- 

 ants of a part of Egypt, concerning whofe origin, place 

 of abode, and migration, ancient and modern writers havev 

 entertained different opinions. Some fl<etches of their hif- 

 tory will be found under the articles AuRixiE, Cush, Dis- 

 persion of Mankind, and Egypt. The learned Bryant 

 has pubhfhed, befides feveral notices that occur in his 

 " Analyfis of Ancient Mythology," an elaborate " Difier- 

 tation" on this fubjeft. Differing from others concerning 

 the fituation of the land of Gofhen, (fee Goshen,) he con- 

 ceives it to have been the Nome called the Arabian, from 

 the Arabian fhepherds who had formerly fettled in thofe 

 parts, and held them for many years, and denominated by 

 the LXX, Ttaatiji T/i,- A^a/3iaf. The province of Arabia, fays 

 this author, was one of the three moil remarkable nomes, 

 the other two being thofe of Bubailus and Heliopohs. 

 Thefe three nomes were contiguous to each other, and 

 towards the fnmmit of Lower Egypt. The nome of Helio- 

 pohs, according to his flatement, was a Mediterranean 

 diilrifl ; and confequently the two provinces, or that of 

 Phacufa (i. e. the Arabian nome), and that of Bubaflus, 

 that are always mentioned with the former, were fo likewife. 

 Phacufa, mentioned by Strabo only as a village, was the 

 province at whofe fummit the Nile was firll divided, where 

 flood the city of Cercafora. It was called the Arabian 

 nome for the reafon above-mentioned, and had for its metro- 

 polis Phacufa, and the places fituated upon its borders were 

 Babylon, Heliopolis, and Heroum. From Syncellus we 

 learn, that Egypt had been in fubjeftion to a three-fold race 

 of kings, who are termed the Aurita;, the Mellraei, and 

 the Egyptian. The Auritx were the Arabian fliepherds 

 and their kings, who reigned here a confiderable time, 

 maintaining themfelves by force ; till, after many flruggles, 



they 



