S H K 



they were finally expelled by the natives. According to 

 Manetho, the whole body of this'people bore the appellation 

 of Hukfos, that is, royal fhepherds ; the firft fyllable, in 

 the facred dialeiS, fignifying a king, and the latter, in the 

 popular lanp^uage, fignifying a Jhepberd ; and by a compo- 

 fition of tliele two was formed the word Hukfos. Thefe 

 people are faid to have been Arabians. Jofephus further 

 informs us from Manetho, that the Ihepherds maintained 

 themfelves in Egypt 511 years. At lail the people of 

 Upper Egypt rofe in oppofition to them, and after fome 

 time expelled them the country. However, on their de- 

 parture, they were afraid of going towards Ailyria, and 

 therefore reforted to the country called afterwards Judea, 

 and built Jerufalem. We learn alfo, from the fame au- 

 thority, that another clafs of people fojourned in Egypt in 

 the reign of Amenophis ; and that they were treated as 

 fiaves by the prince of the country, becaufe they were in- 

 fefted with the leprofy. As their number very much in- 

 creafed, he employed them in the Hone quarries that lay on 

 the eall fide of the Nile, in company with fome of the 

 Egyptians. Upon a remonitrance afterwards made to him, 

 he granted them for a retreat the city of Abaris, where the 

 former (lieplierds had refided, that now lay defolate. The 

 people belonging to each of the two clalies now mentioned 

 were efteemed iliepherds : the firft lliepherds were lords 

 and conquerors ; the others were fervaiits, to whom was 

 afligned the city which the former had evacuated. The 

 latter were Ifraelites, as appears from the name of their 

 leader and lawgiver, Mofes; and the former were Arabians, 

 who are faid to have come from the Ealt : and they are, 

 without doubt, the Auritae, who founded the city Auris or 

 Abaris, which is no other than the city "llf^, Ur or Aur, 

 fignifying light and fire, of which element the Auritae mull 

 have been worfiiippers, as all the Arabians were. Their 

 chief god was Alorus, (Al Orus, ) the god of fire. Ac- 

 cordingly the fhepherds were called AuritK from the chief 

 objeft of their worlhip, and their king^ were Ityled priefts 

 of Alorus, or, according to the Greeks, priefts of Vulcan. 

 Hence it has been inferred that they came from Babylonia, 

 ^a country that lay due eaft from Egypt, which country was 

 the original feat of the genuine Arabians, and the true 

 fource whence their religion flowed. The two principal 

 cities of that country were Ur or Aur, and Babylon : 'n 

 memory of which they built two of the fame name in 

 Egypt. Wherever they refided, they introduced the Tzeba 

 Sclianain, or Zabian worlhip, togetlier with the worfhip of 

 fire. Hence we are informed by Herodotus, that Vulcan 

 was particularly honoured :it Heliopolis and Memphis, 

 wliich places they are faid to have built. Tlie tru<.' name 

 of thefe people, fays Bryant, who were called by the Greeks 

 and Romans Arabians, was Cuflian or Cufieans, the fame 

 that tlicy gave to the province wliere they fettled. (Sec 

 Cu.sii.) Thefe ftrangers, therefore, who fettled in Egypt, 

 were no other than the Cufxans ; and they have been llylcd 

 Arabian fhepherds, becaufe all the primitive Arabians were 

 Nomades, or fliepherds. Tliefe people becoming lords of 

 the country, imdoubtedly chofe that part which was the 

 moll eligible, and their profeflion wosld lead them to the 

 bed land for patturage ; in refpeCt of which Goflien had not 

 its equal. For it was part of the TiSiov i\iyv:!\n, the rich 

 champaign of Egypt ; fo that this circumftance among others 

 would induce one to think that tiiey lettled here. This it 

 confirmed by the worfliip which they fettled in thefe parts ; 

 the cities they built ; and the names which they bequeathed to 

 the province. According to the Mofaic account, the land 

 of Goflien is repeatedly faid to be in the land of Egypt, 

 " in the belt of the land ;" and yet the LXX call it 



SHE 



Fio-o-E/i T«; A{xgi«c, which could be owing to no other reafon 

 befides its being the land of Cuflian, (Gofhen,) which wai 

 interpreted Arabian ; for in Arabia it was not fitua'ed. 

 Hence it has been concluded, that the place where the 

 children of Ifrael refided in Egypt was the principal Ara- 

 bian nome, at the extreme and higheft part of Lower E?vDt. 

 called Cuflian. ^^^ ' 



This was the land to which the childreH of Ifrael fuc-^ 

 ceeded, after it had been abandoned by its former inhabit- 

 ants ; but it is uncertain at what interval. It appears to 

 have been an unoccupied dillrict ; and as it was the bell of 

 the land, there is no accounting for its beuig unoccupied 

 but by the feceflion of the Culicans, whofe property it had 

 lately been. Accordingly Manetho exprefsly affirms, that 

 the fecond fliepherds fucceeded to the places which had 

 been deferted by the former ; and he moreover fays, that 

 the city Abaris, which had been built by the firll fliepherd 

 king, was given to thofe of their body who were employed 

 in the quarries. 



Bryant fuggefts, that the migration of the fhepherds was 

 about the time of Serug or Nahor : and this is the time 

 when archbifliop Uflier fuppofes it to have happened, who 

 refers it to the year of the world 1920, according to the 

 Hebrew computation, in the 10 ill year of the life of Serug, 

 the 7th from Noah, and in the 42 d year of Terab, 88 years 

 before the birth of Abraham. Bilhop Cumberland fuppofes 

 that the fhepherds invaded Egypt A. M. 1937, in the time 

 of the fame patriarchs, according to the Hebrew chronology. 

 Our author has alleged feveral arguments to prove, that 

 the Arabian fliepherds were diltincl from the Ifraelites, and 

 prior to them. When the Arabians came into Egypt, they 

 arc faid to have been 240,000 in number, whereas tiie Ifrael- 

 ites were but 70 perfons. The former took pollcfTion by- 

 force, the latter were invited, and had a grant of all that 

 they poiiefled. The one held the people in flavery ; the 

 others were themfelves enflaved. The Arabians were 

 driven out of the land; the Ifraelites were not fuffered to 

 depart. See Bryant's Oblervations and Inquiries, &c. 

 Cont. 1767. 



Shepherd's IJlands, in Geography. See New Hebrides. 



Shei'IIERu's Dog, a variety of the common dog, ufed in 

 guarding flocks, or driving herds of cattle. See Dog. 



Shei'HERd'.s Needle, or Femit's Comb, in Botany. Sec 



ScANDIX. 



Siiei'HERd'.s Pouch, Bur/a pnjloris, a common weed in 

 moll parts of England, which propagates itfelf fo fall 

 by feeds, as not to be eafily cleared where they are per- 

 mitted to Ihcd ; for fo fall do the feed ripen, and the plants 

 come up, that there are commonly four or five generations 

 of them ill a year ; they cannot, therefore, be too cirefully 

 rooted out of a garden or field. It is early, and lalls molt 

 part of the year. It may be dellroyed by frequent plough- 

 ing, and preventing its going to leed. In the Liinnxan lyllem, 

 this is a fpecies of the ihLijpi, 



This is an officinal plant ; its juice has been reputed 

 allringcnt and vulnerary, and as fuch is ufed againlt hx- 

 morrhages, dyfcnteriea, diarrhoeas, &c. 



The country people apply it to cuts and frelh wounds, 

 and fome hold it of great virtue when made up into a cata- 

 plafm, and applied to the wrilts againll tertians and quar- 

 tans ; but Dr. Lewis obferves, that he could perceive no 

 pungency or allringency, either in the leaves of this plant, 

 or in the extracts made by water and reilified Ipirit, and that 

 a decoftion of them llrikes no degree of blacknels with lo- 

 lution of chalybeate vitriol. Hence he infers, tliat there 

 feems to be no foundation for tiie llrong llyptic virtue?, for 

 which this herb has been generally recommended by writer* 

 3 O 3 iu 



