SHE 



SHE 



from his profefTorfhip, and it is ufual to hear a complaint 

 at Oxford, that this order of men has no interefl therein. 

 If by intereft is meant the acquifition of a very moderate 

 ftipend, which only one can enjoy, the complaint is juft : 

 but furely the more important intereit of a whole univerfity 

 confifts in having this, or any other, fcience taught in the 

 bell manner. Sherard therefore would have done much 

 more wifely, inltead of limiting the appointment at all, to 

 have left it open, like the Cambridge profefforfhip and gar- 

 den, to all the world ; and to have placed the choice in 

 the hands of thofe who would perceive their own advan- 

 tage, and probably feel ferae fenfe of duty, in not making 

 any profeilorlhip a fmecure or a job. 



The herbarium of Sherard is perhaps, except that of 

 Linnsus, the mod ample, authentic, and valuable botani- 

 cal record in the world. In it may be feen original fpeci- 

 mens from Tournefort, and all the writers of that day, 

 named by themfelves, accompanied by remarks, or by 

 queries fcarcely lefs initruftive. He coUefted alfo copies 

 of original drawmgs, from botanilts whofe fpecimens were 

 not to be had, fuch as Plumier. The moll rare, and even 

 unique, books are to be found in his library, as the firfl 

 volume of K.aAheck's Campi Elyfii. (See Rudbeck.) All 

 thefe precious colleftions arc ilill in good prefervation, 

 though the noble Hone building, originally conilru£led to 

 receive them, wai facrificed a few years fince to public con- 

 venience, that the adjoining llreet might be widened. 



The name of Sherard has been commemorated by Vail- 

 lant, in fome plants referred by Linnxus to Verbena. 

 Dillenius eftablilhed a SherarJ'ia, which has remained ; fee 

 the next article. Pulteney's Sketches of Botany. Hal- 

 ler's Letters, and Bibl. Bot. Aikin's Gen. Biog. S. 



SHERARDIA, in Botany, fo named by Dillenius, in 

 honour of his munificent and learned patron William Sherard. 

 (See the lall article.) — Dill. Gid. append. 96. t. 3. Linn. 

 Gen. PI. 50. Schreb. 67. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 574. 

 Mart. Mill. Dia. V. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 171. Prodr. Fl. 

 Grxc. Sibth. 86. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 234. Jufl". 196. 

 Lamarck lUuftr. t. 61. Gaertn. t. 24. — Clafs and order, 

 Tcirandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Stellatii, Linn. Ru- 

 iiacent, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Ca/. Perianth fuperior, fmall, with fix teeth, 

 permanent. Cor. of one petal, funnel-lhaped ; tube cylin- 

 drical, various in length ; hmb flat, in four acute deep feg- 

 ments. Stain. Filaments four, inferted into the top of the 

 tube, between the fegments of the limb ; anthers roundilh, 

 two-lobed. Pi/l. Germen inferior, oblong, two-grained ; 

 lj;yle thread-fliaped, divided at the upper part ; lligraas 

 blunt. Peri^. none. Fruit oblong, crowned, feparating 

 lengthwife into two parts. Seeds two, oblong, convex at 

 the oulfide, flat on the other, each crowned with three 

 points. 



Ell. Ch. Corolla of one petal, funnel-lhaped, fuperior. 

 Seeds two, naked, each crowned with three teeth. 



I. S. arverjis. Blue Sherardia, or Little Field Madder. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 149. Willd. n. i. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 891. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. t. 13. Fl. Dan. 

 t. 439. (Afperula flore carneo, acuto folio ; Barrel. Ic. 

 t. 541.)— All the leaves whorled. Flowers terminal. — Na- 

 tive of cultivated or fallow fields, throughout Europe, from 

 Sweden to Greece, flowering all fummer long. The root 

 is annual, fibrous, fmall. Heri generally hairy. Stems 

 leveral, branched, leafy, angular, fpreading in every direc- 

 tion, from three to five inches long; moil flender at the 

 bafe. Leaves fpreading, moftly fix in each whorl, elliptical 

 or obovate, pointed, entire, roughell at the ed^es and 

 keel. Flowers from four to fix or eight, in a little ter- 



minal umbel, enveloped in the uppermoft whorl, which 

 confifts of more leaves than the reft. Calyx of two three- 

 cleft acute leaves, afterwards enlarged, and forming a 

 creft, or crown, to each ieed. Corolla purpbfh-blue, with 

 a flender tube, much exceeding the calyx. 



2. S. muralis. Wall Sherardia. Linn. Sp. PI. 149. 

 Willd. n. 2. Sm. Fl. Grsec. Sibth. v. 2. 13. t. 115. 

 (Galium murale ; AUion. Pedem. v. i. 8. t. 77. f. i. 

 G. minimum, feminibus oblongis ; Buxb. Cent. 31. t. 30. 

 f. 2.) — Stems diffufe. Leaves four in a whorl, or in pairs, 

 fpreading. Whorls two-flowered. Stalks of the fruit re- 

 flexed. — Native of old walls, and rocks, in Italy and the 

 Levant. Found in Crete by Dr. Sibthorp. Annual, 

 about the fize of the former, decumbent, and rough, but 

 the leaves are fmaller, fometimes fix, fometimes but two, 

 ufually tour, in a whorl. Flowers axillary, oppofite, mi- 

 nute, fliorter than the leaves, ftalked. Corolla yellow, 

 with a fliort tube. Fruit reflexed, of two hifpid, oblong 



feeds, itarting from each other in the middle, meeting at 

 top and bottom, their crown, or calyx, hardly dif- 

 coverable. 



3. S. ere8a. Upright Sherardia. Sm. Fl. Graec. Sibth. 

 V. 2. 14. t. 116. (Afperula muralis verticillata minimal 

 Column. Ecphr. 302. t. 500. A. verticillata luteola ; 

 Bauh. Pin. 334.) — Stems eredl. Leaves four in a whorl, 

 or in pairs, deflexed. Whorls many-flowered. Fruit 

 nearly eretl. Native of rocks and walls, in Italy and the 

 Archipelago. Annual, creft, and more flender than the 

 lall, a fpan high. The fliorter deflexed leaves, numerous 



jiowers, and ereft fruit, diitinguifh this fpecies clearly, 

 though Linnaus confounded its fynonyms with his muralis. 

 The crown of the feeds is equally obfcure in both, and the 

 habit of the plants ar\fwers better to that of the genuine 

 Valantin, though the fruftification differs. They but ill 

 agree with Sherardia ; yet their fruit will not allow them to 

 be referred to Galium. 



4. S.fruticofa. Shrubby Sherardia. Linn. Sp. PI. 149. 

 Willd. n. 3. Swartz. Obf. 46. — Leaves four in a whorl, 

 linear-lanceolate, revolute. Stem flirubby. — Gathered by 

 Olbeck in the ifland of Afcenfion. The fern is woody, 

 branched, leafy, ilraggling or proftrate, and the whole 

 plant has the afpeft of Ernodea montana (fee Erxode,\) ; 

 but is dillinft. Leaves an inch long, rather downy. Calyx 

 of only four teeth. Corolla white, as long as the germen. 

 Swartz juttly obferves, that this fpecies but ill accords with 

 Sherardia, being intermediate, a< it were, between Diodiii 

 and Spermacoce. 



SnER.4RDi,\ is alfo a name given by Pontedera to the 

 genus of plants, called by Linnaeus galenia. 



SHE RA RIB, in Geography, a town of Africa, in 

 Bergoo ; 115 miles S.W. of Wara. 



SHE R A VEND, a town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Ghilan, on the Cafpian fea ; 20 miles S. of Allara. 



SHERBET, or Sherbit, a compound drink, fird 

 brought into England from Turkey and Perfia, confiding 

 of fair water, lemon-juice, fugar, amber, and other in- 

 gredients. 



Another kind of it is made of violets, honey, juice of 

 raifins, &c. 



The word Jherhet, in the Perfian language, fignifies plea- 

 fant liquor. 



SHERBORNE, or Shekbourxe, anciently called 

 Sareburn, in Geography, a market-town and pariih in the 

 hundred of that name, county of Dorfet, England, is 

 fituated in the vale of Blakemoie, near the borders cf So- 

 merfetfliire, at the diftance of 16 miles W. from Shaftef- 

 bury, 18 N. by W. from Dorchciter, and 117 W.S.W. 



from. 



