S H I 



SHI 



Kionks. Its remains, together with the church of Jarrow, 

 occupy the fiimmit of an elevated ridge, but d\fplay httle 

 worthy of notice. The Hidory and Antiquities of the 

 County Palatine of Durham, by W. Hutchinfon, 4to. 

 1778. Beauties of England and Wales, vol. vi. by E. W. 

 Brayley, and John Britton. 



SHIFFNAL, a market-town in the parifti of ShifFnal, 

 hundred of Brimftrey, and county of Salop, England, is 

 fituated at the diltance of 19 miles E. by S. from Shrewf- 

 bury, and 143 niik-s N.W. from London. The market- 

 day here is Friday weekly, and there are fairs on the 

 5th of Augull and the 2 2d of November. The petty fef- 

 lions for ShifFnal divilion of the hundred are held here ; but 

 in other rcfpefls this town is a trifling place, the whole 

 parifh, which is extenfive, and includes lour townftups, con- 

 taining, according to the parliamentary returns of 181 1, 

 only 808 houfes, and 4061 inhabitants, 



SHIFT, a term in Mufic, ufed for conducing the h-ind 

 on the finger-board of the violin, and inllruments with a 

 ueck. 



By moving the left hand a little towards the bridge, and 

 placing the fi:rft finger where the fecond was, on the fecond 

 ilring of the violin, in the natural pofition of the hand, it 

 will produce C inftead of B, and the little finger will then 

 produce C on the firll itring, its oftave : and this is called 

 the half fliift. The firll, or '•jjhole (hift, is placing the firft 

 finger where the third was, in the natural pofition of the 

 hand, which will produce D on the fecond firing, and the 

 little finger its ottave on the firlt. The next movement of 

 the hand towards the bridge is placing the firlt finger on E 

 of the fecond firing, when the little finger will give its 

 0<5lave on the firll Itring, and this is termed the double fhift ; 

 each fhift commanding all the intermediate notes of an 

 odiave to the firll finger. By this means a half, a whole 

 note, or any number of notes, may be gained upwards 

 upon each firing, to the end of the finger-board. A rea- 

 dinefs at thefe fliifts, on fhort notice, in all keys, and in true 

 intonation, is faid to be knowing the Jingcr-board well. At 

 prefent ( 1809) high folo parts for the violoncello are writ- 

 ten in the treble clef. 



Shift, in Ship-Building, a term applied to difpofing the 

 butts of the planks, &c. fo that they may over-launch each 

 other, without reducnig the length, and fo as to gain the moll 

 £lrength. The planks of the bottom, in Britifh-built fhips 

 of war, have a fix-feet fhift, with three planks between 

 each butt, fo that the planks run twenty-four feet long. 

 In the bottoms of merchant-fhips, they have a fix-feet fliift, 

 with only two planks between each butt, making but 

 cighteen-feet planks in length. The fliift of the timbers is 

 from three feet to ten feet fix inches in length, according to 

 tlie fize of the fliip. 



SHIFTED, in Sea Language, denotes the Hate of a 

 fiiip's ballalt or cargo, when it is fliaken from one fide to 

 the other, either by the violence of her rolling in a turbu- 

 lent fea, or by an extraordinary inclination to one fide, when 

 under a great prcllure of fail. This circumltance rarely 

 happens, unlefs to thofe cargoes which are flowed in bulk, 

 as corn, fait, and I uch materials. 



SniFTni), as exprcllcd of the wind, implies rt/zirfr/. 

 SHIFTER, a perfon appointed to afiill the fliip's cook, 

 particularly in wafliing, llecping, and fhifting the fait pro- 

 vifions. 



SHIFTING, in Ship- Building, the aft of fetting off 

 the length of the planks, &c. of a (hip, fo that the butts 

 may over-launch each other, as to produce a good lliift. 

 (See Shut,) Replacing old Huff with new is alio called 

 Shifting. 



Vol. XXXII. 



Shifting a Tackle, in Sea Language, the aft of remov- 

 ing the blocks of a tackle to a greater dillance from each 

 other, on the objeft to which they are applied, in order to 

 give a greater fcope or extent to their purchafe. This ope- 

 ration is othcrwife cAXed Jlteling. 



Shifting the Helm, is altering its pofition from one fide 

 to the other, or from one fide to midfhips. 



Shifting the Voyal, or Mejfmger, clianging its pofition 

 on the capilern, fo as to heave in the cable from the flarboard 

 or larboard fide. 



Shifting of Plants, in Gardening, the bufinefs of re- 

 moving plants in pots, from fmaller into larger ones, &c. to 

 give them frclh earth or mould. It is neceffary occafionally, 

 in all plants in pots, to affill them with larger ones, accord- 

 ing as the advanced growth of the particular forts renders it 

 proper ; and at the fame time to fupply an- additional propor- 

 tion of frefii earth about the root-fibres of the plants, to 

 promote their growth : and fometimes, for the application 

 of frelh compoll, either in part or wholly, from the plants 

 having remained long unremoved, and the old earth in the 

 pots being much decayed, or on account of fome defeft of 

 growth in the particular plants. 



In regard to the neceflity of Ihifting, it is, in fome de- 

 gree, according to the advancing growth of the different 

 forts of plants : fome forts of a Itrong free growth require 

 fhifting once every year or two : others, more moderate 

 growers, or of more fettled growths, once in two or three 

 years ; and fome large growing kinds, which are advanced 

 to a confiderable fize, having been occafionally Ihiftcd, in 

 their increafing growth, from fmaller into larger pots of 

 different proportionable fizes, and fome from large pots into 

 tubs of Hill larger dimenfions, as large plants of the Ame- 

 rican aloe, orange, and lemon-tree kinds, &c. in that ad- 

 vanced Hate, fometimes only need occafional (Iiifting once 

 in three or fevcral years, especially when the pots or tubs 

 are capacious, containing a large fupply of earth, and are 

 -occafionally refreflied with fome new compoll at top, and a 

 little way down, round the fides about the extreme roots. 

 And in fome fmall flow-growing plants, as in many of the 

 fncculent tribe, fiiifting them once in two or three years may 

 be fufficient ; other forts want fiiifting annually into larger 

 pots, according as ihey advance in a free growth, as the 

 hardy and tender kinds of herbaceous and fiirubby plants, 

 &c. And fome of the tender annual flower-plants, culti- 

 vated in pots, and forw.irdcd in hot-beds being planted firll 

 in fmall pots, want fliifting, in their increafing growth, into 

 larger fizes, once or twice the fame feafon, as from April 

 to the beginning of June, when being fliifted finally into the 

 requifite fuU-fized pots, they remain during their exificncc. 

 But thougii large-grown plants, either of the flirnb or tree 

 kind, a-i well as other plants of large growths, after being 

 finally Hationcd in the fulleH-fized large pots and tubs, fuc- 

 ceed fevcral years without ftiifting, they lliould in the inter- 

 val have the top earth loofened, and down round the lides 

 to fome little depth, removing the loofened old foil, and 

 filling up the pots, tubs, &c. with frefh earlh, fettling it 

 clofe by a moderate watering. 



The ufual fealim for occafional fliifting fucli plants a£ re- 

 quire it, is principally the fpriiig and autumn, as from 

 March to May for the fpring (Iiifting ; and from AnguH to 

 the end of September for the autumn ; though in phuits that 

 can be removed with the full balls of earth about the roots, 

 it may be occafionally performed almoll at any time ; how- 

 ever, for any general fliifting, the fpring and autumn are the 

 moH fuccefsful feafons, as the plants tiien fooncr Hnke frcfli 

 root ; and m.iny forts preferably in the fpnng, by having 

 the benefit of the fame growing feafon, and thai of fum- 

 ■, tj mer. 



