SHI 



SHI 



the blackfmith fliould be careful to give them tendency 

 enough into the ground, by bending them downwards : ' for 

 want of this caution, he has found many of them to work 

 badly. The wheel in the beam counterafts this tendency 

 fufficiently when at work. 



Thefe tools Ihould be upon all tillage farms, in all their 

 different and beft conflruftions. 



Shim Potatoe, a tool of the (him kind, ufed for cleaning 

 potatoe crops. 



SHIN, Loch, in Geography, an extenfive lake in the 

 county of Sutherland, Scotland. This lake extends above 

 20 miles in length, but no where exceeds two miles in 

 breadth, and feldom above a mile and a half. The banks 

 are finely covered with natural wood, particularly the 

 fouthern bank. It is connefted with the Northern ocean, 

 at Dornoch Frith, by the river Shin, which abounds with 

 falmon, and forms feveral falls in the fhort courfe of eight 

 miles. Sinclair's Statiftical Account of Scotland, vol. xi. 



1794- 



SHINAAS, a fmall town of Perfia, in the province of 

 Lariftan. This and Boftana lie between Linga and Cape 

 Boftana ; but though they are fmall towns, they afford 

 fome refrefhment. Linga, the chief town of the piratical 

 tribe of Joafmis on the Perfian fliore, is fituated clofe to 

 the fea, in N. lat. 26' 3^', about eight leagues from Kilhm. 

 It has a fecure road, where fhips may ride out a north-weit 

 gale in five fathoms water. Cape Boftana forms to the 

 eaftward the roadftead of the town of Mogoo, which is one 

 of the moft fecure in the gulf; and this roadftead has to the 

 weftward the point improperly called Cortes. This road- 

 ftead is capable of holding the largett fleets. 



SHINDAN, a mountain of Perfia, between the pro- 

 vinces of Adirbeitzan or Azerbijan and Ghilan. 



SHINGARIN, a town of Africa, in the countr)' of 

 Sahara, where fait is found ; 9 miles N. of Walet. 



SHINGEIAT, a town of Africa, in the country of 

 Bergoo ; 90 miles W. of Wara. 



SHINGLE, in ylgricuhure, a term fometimes applied 

 to the thinnings of fir and other timber trees, in the northern 

 diftrifts, and which are of much ufe for various purpofes in 

 farming, as the making of fences, &c. 



Shingle, a fubftance found and coUefted on the fea- 

 beach, or fhore, which is ufed for feveral purpofes, as bal- 

 lafting of fhips, filling furface hollow drains, protecting the 

 foundations of embankments, and other fimilar ufes. See 

 Surface Drain, and Surface Draining. 



It is faid to be a very valuable fubftance for the ufe of 

 filling drains, as being particularly durable in its nature. 

 In the county of Suflex, as well as in Effex, much of it is 

 made ufe of in this way ; in the former, under the deno- 

 mination of fea-beach, or beach. 



Shingle Shoal, in Geography, a fhoal in the Englifh 

 Channel, near the coaft of Hampfhire. N. lat. ro° 38'. 

 W. Ion?. 1° 26'. 



SHINGLES. See Shambles. 



Shingles, or Shiiies, in Building, fmall pieces of wood, 

 or quartered oaken boards, fawed to a certain fcantUng, or 

 more ufiially cleft to about an inch thick at one end, and 

 made like wedges, four or five inches broad, and eight or 

 nine inches long. They are ufed in covering, cfpecially for 

 churches and fteeples, inftead of tiles or flates. 



This covering is dear ; yet where tiles, &c. are very 

 fcarce, and a light cover is required, it is preferable to 

 thatch. If made of good oak, and cleft, not fawed, and 

 well feafoned, ftiingles make a fure, light, and durable 

 covering. 



The building is firft to be covered all over with boardtp 

 and the ftiingles then nailed thereon. 



Shingles, in Medicine, the popular appellation of a 

 •veficular eruption, which appears on the trunk of the body» 

 extending generally half round, like a belt : whence pro- 

 bably the term is a corruption of the Latin word cingulutt 

 or cingulum, fignifying a belt. It is the herpes zqfler of 

 medical writers, the Greek word, (^u.-T-r.p, having the fame 

 fignification. It is fometimes called fimply zona, or zojler. 

 For the defcription and treatment of this curious and harm- 

 lefs, though fometimes painful, affeAion, fee Herpes 

 Zojler. See alfo Bateman's Practical Synopfis of Cutan. 

 Difeafes, p. 226. 



SHINGLING, in the Iron-Worh, in many parts of 

 England, is the operation of hammering the fow, or caft 

 iron, into blooms. The tongs, ufed for holding the iron in 

 this operation, are called ftiingling-tongs, and the iron to 

 be thus wrought is called a loop. 



SHINING Mountains, in Geography, mountains that 

 bound Louifiana on the weft, which, though little known, 

 are fuppofed to terminate in N. lat. 47° or 48^ ; whence 

 fpring a number of rivers, that difcharge themfelves 

 into the North Pacific ocean, Hudfon's bay, the waters 

 which lie between them, or the Atlantic ocean. They are 

 alfo called the " mountains of bright ftones," on account 

 of the immenfe number of large cryftals ftiootmg from the 

 rocks, and fparkling in the rays of the fun, fo as to be feen 

 at a great diftance. 



SHIOBERT el Yemeni, a town of Egypt, on the right 

 bank of the Nile ; 8 miles S.E. of Mehallet Kebir. 



SHIONKAN, a town of Pegu ; 8 miles N. of Sirian. 

 SHIP, a general name for all large veftels navigated 

 with fails. Among people unacquainted with marine dif- 

 tintlions, this tenn has a very vague and indifcriminate 

 acceptation. In the fea-language, however, it is more par- 

 ticularly applied to a veffel furnilhed with three mafts, each 

 of which is compofed of a lower maft, topmait, and top- 

 gallant maft, with the ufual rigging and appendages thereto 

 belonging. r 



The fieur Aubin defines a ftiip, a timber building, con- I 

 fifting of various parts and pieces, nailed and pinned to- 

 gether with iron and wood, in fuch form, as to be fit to 

 float, and to be condudled by wind and fails from fea 

 to fea. 



The invention of fhips is verj' ancient, and, at the fame 

 time, very uncertain. Mythologifts attribute it to Dae- 

 dalus, and pretend that the wings he invented to fave himielf 

 withal from the labyrinth of Crete, were nothing but fails, 

 which he firft gave to veft'els, and with which he eluded the 

 vigilance and purfuit of Minos. Others give the honour to 

 Janus, on the credit of fome ancient Greek and Latin coins, 

 on one fide of which is reprefented his double face, and on 

 the reverfe a ftiip. Laftly, others look on Noah to have 

 been the firlt fliip-builder. 



The moft celebrated (hips of antiquity are, that of Pto- 

 lemy Philopater, which is faid to have been two hundred 

 and eighty cubits (i.e. four hundred and twenty feet) long, 

 thirty-eight broad, and forty-eight high : it carried four 

 thoufand rowers, four hundred failors, and three thoufand 

 foldiers. That which the fame prince made to fail on the 

 Nile, we are told, was three hundred and twelve feet long, 

 forty-five feet broad, with a maft one hundred and twenty 

 feet high. Yet thefe were nothing in comparifon with 

 Hiero's ftiip, built under the diredion of Archimedes, on 

 the ilrufture of which Mofchion, as we are told by SneUius, 

 wrote a whole volume. There was wood enough employed 

 in it to make fixty gallies. It had all the variety of apart- 

 ments 



