S II 1 



ij II I 



purpofe her decks flioulJ be high, and her ports fufficieiuly 

 large; her cables ought alfo to run upon the upper deck, 

 to the end that the beds or cradles may be more com- 

 ir.odioufly placed between decks, and admit a free pallage 

 of the air, to difpcrfe that which is offenllve or corrupted. 

 Falconer. 



Ship, Lee-'ward. Sec L,EE-ivaril Ship. 



Smi', Merchiwt, a velFel employed in commerce, to carry 

 commodities of various forts from one port to another. 



Merchant (liipping, in general, being fcarcely definable 

 into didinif claiie?, we cannot fpeak with that degree of 

 precifion of them as of thole of the royal navy ; becaufe their 

 refpeftive forms and dimenfions are dependent, almolt entire- 

 ly, on the local practice or ideas of their refpeftive owners or 

 conltruclors, and fluftuate acci'jrdingly. Thofe belonging to 

 the Eaft India Company are by far the largelt, and are very 

 fine (hips, and of courle rank in tiie firll clafs of merchant 

 (hips. Weft India (hips are little inferior to the former, 

 but in fize ; and fome of the largeft have been employed 

 occafionallv either to the Eall or Weft Indies. 



The Eaft India (liip {Plale XII.) has been aftually 

 built, and found upon trial to anfwer every purpofe expelled 

 from her. 



Some (hips of a very line model, being lefs burthenfome 

 than Weft India fliips, are employed in the Straits' trade ; 

 and others ufed in the Eaft country trade, for carrying of 

 limber, exceed cither of the latter for iize, the largeft of 

 them being no lefs than 700 tons. 



Ship of Pl^ar, Private. See Phivatekrs. 



Ship, Store, a veilel employed to carry artillery or naval 

 Itores, for the ufe of a fleet, fortrefs, or garrifon. 



Ship, Tranfporl. See Tkan'spout Ship. 



Ship, Troop. See Tkoop Ship. 



Wc (liall here obferve in general, that it is highly neccf- 

 fary to the health of feameii, that (liips rtiould be cleared of 

 foul air ; for it has been found by frequent experience, that 

 air (hut up, and confined in a clofe place, without a fuc- 

 cefiion and fre(h fupply of it, becomes unwholefome, and 

 unfit for the ufe of life. This is more fenllbly fo, if any 

 ftagnating water be pent up with it. But it grows ftill 

 worfe, if (uch an air as this is made ufe of in rcfpiration ; 

 that i.<, becomes moiftcr, and hotter, and phlogillicated, 

 by palling and repafTing through the lungs. 



Tlicfe bad effefts, in dilferent degrees, according to the 

 diderent manner in which air is inclofed, arc obferved in 

 many cafes, particularly in deep wells and caverns of the 

 earth, in prifons or dole iioufes, where people are flint up 

 with heat and naftinefs ; but moft of all in large (liips, in 

 which, with the llencii of water in the hold, many men 

 being crowded up in thofe quarters, all the inentioni-d cii- 

 cumllaiiccs concur in producing greater mifchiefs than 

 would follow from any of them (ingly. For an account of 

 Mr. Sutton's contrivance for clearing the holds of fliips of 

 the bad air contained in them, wc refer to the article Aiii- 

 Pipes. 



The n.ixture ufed fometimes for covering the bottom and 

 fides of (liips is made of one part of tallow, of one part of 

 brimllone, and 6f three parts nearly of rofin. The tallow 

 and rolin are melted together, and the brimftone is llirred 

 into them ; <;ne hundred and forty pounds of brimftone 

 will ferve for a veliel of one hundred and forty tons. See 



r.w. 



To prevent (hips, whofe bottoms arc worm-eaten, from 

 leaking, this method has been propofed. Caulk well the 

 iiifide planks or linings, then fill the vacant fpaces between 

 the timber , and the out and infide |)laiiks, with boiling pitch 

 <>r rolin, fo high as the main gim-deck. The pitch being 



Vol.. XXX II. 



put in very hot, will run into the fmalleft cranny, and make 

 the (hip as tight as a bottle. There will be no room left for 

 vermin, as rats, &c. ; and the pitch will ferve for other 

 ules when taken out, therefore the cxpence will be but 

 fmall. Phil. Tranf. N' 476. p. 372. 



For the laws relating to fiiips, &c. fee ./la of EiigFifh 

 N.wiGATiON. Sec alfo Fkkight, Mahineus, and Navv. 



Ship, lulk, burden, captain, clerk, company, corporal, 

 flag, grounding, mafler, mine, regifter, rigging, run, fheathing, 

 fquadron, flay, flervard, luarp, luafhing a'way, -weather, in 

 reference to a (hip, fee the relpeAive articles. 



For further particulars refpccling (liips, the reader is re- 

 ferred to the article Ship-bi'ildixo. 



Ship, To, in Sea Language, i* ufed either aftively, as to 

 embark any pcrfon, or put any thing aboard fliip ; or paf- 

 fivoly, to receive any thing into a fliip ; as we (hipped a 

 heavy fea, cSiC. 



To JJjip alfo implies to fix any thing in its place, as tojhib 

 the oars ; to Jliip the fwivel guns, i e. to fix them in their 

 focket?, &c. 



Ship of Pleafure, among the Ancients. See Tiiala- 

 11IKGU.S. 



Ship, in the Salt Works, is a large ciftern, out of which 

 the falt-pans are fupplied for boiling. 



This ciftern is built clofe to the faltern, and is made 

 either of wood, brick, or clay ; and it ought always to be 

 covered with a (lied, that the fea-water, contained in it, 

 may be kept clean from foot, and other impurities, and not 

 mixed with frefh water in rains ; and it muft be always 

 placed lo high, that the water may eafily run out of it into 

 the pans, to fupply them for boiling. 



Ship Guns. See Cannon. 



Ship Cove, in Geography, a cove of Queen Charlotte's 

 found, in the foutliern iiland of New Zealand. This har- 

 bour, according to captain Cook, is not inferior to any 

 found, cither for convenience or fafety. It lies on the weft 

 fide of the idand, and is the fouthernmoft of three cotes, 

 that arc fituatod within the iiland of Motuara, which bears 

 call of it. Ship Cove may be entered either between Mo- 

 tuara and a long ifiand called by the natives Hamotc, or 

 between Motuara and the weftern (hore. In the lad of 

 thefe two channels are ledges of rocks, three fathoms under 

 water, which may be eafily known by the fea-weed that 

 grows upon them. S. lat. 41"^ 10'. E. long. 175^6'. 



Ship Ifiand, a fmall ifiand in the gulf ot Mexico, near 

 the coaft of Weft Florida, nine miles long and two broad. 

 It produces pine-trees and grals, and has a tolerable well of 

 water. N. lat. ^O' 5'. W. long. SS' 48' — Alfo, a fmall 

 ifiand of Upper Canada, in lake Erie. 



Ship Point, a cape on the coaft of North Carolina. N. 

 lat. 55 ' J9'. W. long. 76^ 30'. 



SHIP-BUILDING, i^t Naval ArchiteBurt, is the art 

 of conftrufting and raifiiig, or building that nnble fabric 

 called a fiiip. 



This fciencc, or whatever relates to navigation, is, with- 

 out doubt, one of the molt important and moft ufeful emiiloy- 

 meiits of the human mind ; efpecially in a country whofe 

 marine is its bulwark, and its commerce the admiration, and, 

 we may add, the envy of the world. 



Neverthelef^■, the fcientific part of (hip-building has been 

 too much ncglefled ; and although fome few years have 

 elapfed lince mathematicians (particnhirly in France) hare 

 laboured with fome fuccefs, yet their difcovcries arc fo much 

 enveloped in profound calculations, that ftiip-builders, in ge- 

 neral, have fcirccly been able to derive any advantage from 

 them. 



It muft be allowed, that an exad knowledge of tlic 

 ^ T true 



