H 



SHIP.BUILDING. 



muft be drawn in the body-plan ; thus, fet ofF nine inches 

 on the bafe line from each fide of the middle line, being the 

 ihalf-fiding of the keel, and alfo i8 inches below the bafe 

 '. line, which fquared will reprefent the thwartlhip fedlion of 

 the keel in midfhips : then, with compalles opened to the 

 thicknefs of the bottom plank, fix one leg where the keel 

 1 interfefts the bafe line, which is the upper fide of the rabbet, 

 and fweep an arc within the keel to interfeft the fide, and 

 from that interfeftion fweep another arc upward? ; then a 

 triangle drawn within thole arcs, reprefents the rabbet of 

 the keel in midfhips, and all the timbers along the midfhips, 

 until the rabbet opens, end where the rabbet interfefts the 

 bafe line ; but when the rabbet opens by the timbers nfing 

 forward and aft, they will end over the back of the fweep 

 to the inner edge of the rabbet. The timbers near the after- 

 end of the keel muft be ended agreeably to the tapering of 

 the keel, which tapers in the Gding from frame 24 to ij 

 inches at the after-end : this muft be fet off from the middle 

 Ii^e in the half-breadth plan, and the half-fiding of the keel 

 taken at each timber, and fet off on the upper edge of the 

 keel from the middle line in the body-plan ; then fet within 

 the half-fiding of the keel the thicknefs of the bottom plank, 

 and that ends the timber. But as the frames in the fore -body 

 before O heel upon the ftem, their heights muft be taken in 

 the fheer-plan, where they interfeft the lower part of the 

 rabbet, and thofe heights fet up in the body-plan upon the 

 half-thicknefs of the ftem ; then with compaffes opened to 

 the thicknefs of the bottom plank, fix one leg in the heights 

 laft fet off, and fweep a circle within the fiding, and the 

 heel paffes over the back of the circle, and the rabbet com- 

 pleted by a fquare applied to the line of the timber, fo as 

 to interfeft the height fet up, as {hewn in the plan of the 

 fore-body, Plale I. 



Now, as a further proof of the correftnefs of the after- 

 body, draw four or five perpendicular fetlions, or, as they are 

 commonly called, buttock-lines ; but firft prove the heels of 

 the after-timbers by the bearding-line, thus ; reprefent the 

 half-thicknefs of the dead or rifing wood in the body-plan, 

 by drawing a perpendicular from the bafe line to the head of 

 the ftern-poft. Then from the bafe line take the heights 

 where the after-timbers crofs the half-thicknefs of the dead 

 wood, and fet them up from the upper edge of the rabbet 

 on their correfponding timbers in the fheer-plan ; then draw 

 a curve through thofe heights, to break in fair with the fore- 

 fide of the rabbet on the ftern-poft, and this curve will re- 

 prefent the bearding-line in the fticcr-plan, and limits the 

 heels of the after-timbers, as far as they cut off or fay 

 againft the dead-wood. 



The heels of the timbers being found to agree with the 

 bearding-line, from the fairncfs of its curve (obferve, the 

 term fair, fo often ufed in the delineation of the feveral 

 plans of a Ihip, fignifics that the variety of curved fines 

 therein ufed have no inequalities in them, but are even as 

 a circle llruck from its centre, as moft of the lines in the 

 formati;>n of ftiips' bodies are curves, but many of their 

 centres are too diftant for application ; and the fairnefs re- 

 quired is, that where every different curve unites no angle may 

 be difcoverable), proceed to prove the after-timbers by the 

 buttock-lines ; thus, fquare up from the bale line in the 

 after-body plan five perpendiculars, equally divided between 

 the outfide of the wing-tranfom, and the half-thicknefs of 

 the dead-wood; tliat is, the outer buttock-line at 15 fet-t 

 10 inches, and the intermediate four at 3 feet 2 inches 

 afunder. 



Then take the heightr. at the firft buttock-line, or that 

 next the poll, at the interfcftion of cacli timber from the 

 bafe line in the after-body, and fet them up from the upper 

 edge of the rabbet on the correfponding timbers in the fheer- 



plan ; and to end the buttock-lines, the upper fide of the 

 wing-tranfom and maririn-line muft be drawn in the feveral 

 plans ; thus, fet up 26 feet 10 inches for the height of the 

 upper fide of the wing-tranfom in the ftieer and body-plans, 

 drawing a horizontal line at the ttirnpoft and acrofs the body- 

 plan ; then from the middle line fet off 1 6 feet 6 inches, the half, 

 breadth of the wing-tranfom, and at that place fet down,belovT 

 the upper fide of the wing-tranfom, fix inches, and fweep the 

 arc, whofe centre will be in the middk- line ; and the round- 

 up of the upper fide of the wing-tranfom will be rcprtfented 

 as in the body-plan, Plate I ; from the fame cintre fweep 

 another arc fix inches below the upper fide of the wing- 

 tranfom, which is called the margin-line. Then, in the half- 

 breadth plan, fweep in the round aft or aft-fide of the wing- 

 tranfom ; thus, fquare down from tlie fheer-plan the fore- 

 fide of the rabbet of the ftern-poft, where it cuts the upper 

 fide of the wing-tranfom, to the half-breadth plan, and upoa 

 the line fo fquared down, fet oft" the half-breadth of the 

 wing-tranfom from the middle line, and at that place fet 

 forward feven inches, and fweep the arc reprefenting the 

 round aft of the wing-tranfom, the centre of which is in 

 the middle line. 



Draw an horizontal line at fix inches below the upper 

 fide of the wing-tranfom in the fheer-plan, and upon it 

 fquare up the round forward of the wing-tranfom from the 

 half-breadth plan ; and from thence draw a fine to the upper 

 fide of the wing-tranfom at the rabbet of the poll, and the 

 upper fide of the wing-tranfom will be fhewn, both to it» 

 round down and forward in the fheer-plan. Transfer the 

 height of the margin-line from the body to the fheer-plan, 

 and there draw a line parallel to the upper fide of the wing- 

 tranfom laft drawn, and unite them at the fore part of the 

 wing-tranfom by a line parallel to the rabbet of the port. 

 The margin-line muft next be fhewn in the half-breadth 

 plan, by fquaring it down from the fheer-plan, and making 

 it a parallel curve to the aft-fide of the wing-tranlom ; 

 the diftance, however fmall, being equal to the rake of the 

 rabbet of the poft, in the depth of the margin at the aft-fide 

 of the wing-tranfom. The margin-line being drawn in every 

 plan of Plate I. proceed to end the buttock-lines in the fheer- 

 plan ; thus, take the diftance of the buttock-lines fquare 

 from the middle line of the body-plan, and fet them off the 

 fame from the middle line in the half-breadth plan, drawing 

 lines parallel thereto from the aft-fide of the wing-tranlom 

 to the after fquare timber, which will reprefent the buttock- 

 lines in the half-breadth plan : then, where thofe lines iiiter- 

 feft the margin-line in the half-breadth plan, fquare up fpots 

 to the margin-line in the fliecr-plan, which fpots will give 

 the true ending of the buttock-lines, alfo fquare up the in- 

 terffftion of the buttock-lines with the water-lines from 

 the half-bie.adlli to the fheer-plan ; then transfer all the 

 heights of the buttock-lines, where the timbers crofs them in 

 the body-plan, to the Ihcer-plan, as before directed, and draw 

 fair curves through all the fpots let off to the endings, and 

 the after part of the fliip will be reprefcntcd in the Ihier- 

 plan, as cut by thofe ]Krpendicular ledtions, as in Plate 1. 



Now if the buttock-lines make fair curves, the after- 

 timbers will be proved cnrrett, and likewife the watir-lines 

 abaft in the half-breadth plan ; but if the buttoek-lines to 

 be made fair curves deviate from the fpots as fet off, then 

 muft the timbers be altered accordingly, and confequently 

 the water-lines. But as a further proof as to the corivft- 

 nefs of the buttock, or that part of the body clofe aft, 

 fquare up one or two imaginary or proof-timbers, rqually 

 between the after frame-timber 37 ar.d the wiiii{-tra.il >m at 

 the fide, as repref-nted by the ticked lines in tlu- Iheer-phn, 

 Plate I. Then take the heights on a perpendicular from 

 the upper edge of the keel in the fheer-plan, wlicrc the 



proof- 



