SHIP-BUILDING. 



by the timber-heads there (hewn, having alfo a timber-head 

 between. But the praftice now is to have a rail upon the 

 heads of the timbers, and the fides birthed up on each fide 

 to the under fide of the rail between the ports, and only 

 three or four timber-heads run up, one in particular before 

 the bill-board for the fhank-painter. On the quarter-deck 

 are feven ports of a fide, and four on the round-houfe, 

 placed as clear as poffible of the (hrouds, as fhewn in ftieer- 

 plan, FIdle I. 



The chelt-tree for hauling home the main-tack muft be 

 placed near the after-end of the fore channel, or half the 

 length of the main-yard before the centre of the main- 

 maft, and drawn from the top of the fide down to the 

 upper edge of the channel-wale. 



The fteps on the fide may next be drawn : they muft be 

 placed at the fore part of the main drift or gangway, about 

 three feet in length, fix inches afunder in the clear, and five 

 inches deep : the upper ftcp to be eleven inches from the 

 top of the fide, continuing the others to the upper edge of 

 the wale. 



To complete the flieer-plan, the head and ftern only remain 

 to be drawn, which are as ufeful as ornamental. Therefore 

 we will proceed with the head, thus : draw the beak-head 

 or its boundary aft, by raifing a perpendicular fix feet 

 abaft the aft-fide of the Hem, at one foot eleven inches 

 above the deck at the fide, or draw an horizontal line at 

 the fame height as the tipper deck port-fills : the horizontal 

 is the flat of the beak-head, and the perpendicular continued 

 up to the rail above the forecaftle, reprefents the fore part of 

 the beak-head, and will likewife determine the foremoft 

 end of the forecaftle. Since Plate 1. has been engraved, 

 the beak-head in the navy feems to be done away, and the 

 bow continued to the top of the fide, as in the Eaft India 

 ftiip, Plate XII. It may be ftronger thus, but the beak- 

 head was very ufeful. Let 15 feet 6 inches, the length of 

 the head, be fet off from the fore part of the ftern, and 

 there draw a perpendicular which will determine the fore 

 part of the block or figure ; draw another perpendicular 

 at 3 feet 10 inches abaft the former, which is the moulded 

 breadth of the figure, and boundary of the hair-bracket at 

 the upper part. Before the height of the figure can be 

 afcertained, the bowfprit muft be drawn, thus : fet up 

 4 feet 6 inches at the aft-fide of the ftem, above the upper 

 deck, for its middle line, and ftive or raife that hne 5 inches 

 or ^\ inches above an horizontal in every foot forward; then 

 fet off 1 foot 5^ inches above and below this middle line, and 

 draw fines parallel thereto, and the bowfprit will be repre- 

 fented in the ftieer-plan, Plate I. Now the upper part of 

 the block for the figure can be determined, as tliat Ihould be 

 at leaft fix inches clear of the under fide of the bowfprit, 

 which ftiould pafs the under fide of the foremoft upper deck, 

 beam, and ftep in the partners on the gun-deck a convenient 

 Height for th"- after part of the manger, as in the inboard 

 works, Plate IV. of Ship-building. 



The cheeks are next to be drawn : fet up the height of the 

 lower clicek at the ftem, which is 25 feet at its under fide, 

 above the rabbet of the keel, and draw the after-end to the 

 ftieer, and the fore part with a handfome flight, fo as to 

 break in with the perpendicuhr at the forepart of the figure; 

 then fet up from tlie under fide of the lower cheek, 3 feet 

 5 inches at the ftem for the under fide of the upper cheek ; 

 draw the after-end rather more tlian the ftieer, and the fore 

 part with more flight than the lower cheek, fo as to make a 

 handfome curve line with the fore part of the hair-bracket. 

 From the under fide of the lower cheek, fet up at the fore 

 part of the ftem 7 feet 1 1 inches, which is the upper fide 

 of the upper rail, and draw the bag of it, or the part 



immediately before the ftem, nearly horizontal, or to the 

 ftieer of the flat of the beak-head, it agreeing to that 

 height. The fore-end ftiould curve upwards, fo as to appear 

 parallel with the upper cheek, or nearly fo; and to form the 

 after-end, draw a curve from the bag to break in fair with 

 the beak-head line. 



Now the moulding of the upper rail and fiding of the 

 cheeks may be drawn, and as they taper all their length re- 

 gularly, fet off I foot above the lower fide at the after-end 

 of the cheeks, which is 5 feet abaft the fore-fide of the ftem 

 on the ftieer, and 7 inches at the fore-end, or about 8 feet 

 6 inchee before the ftem. Then the moulding of the upper 

 head-rail, which is i foot, muft be fet off abaft the beak- 

 head line, or fore-fide of the rail, and drawn parallel thereto 

 from about 5 feet below its head, (which muft range with the 

 under fide of the rail above the forecaftle, or fix inches 

 higher than the range of the other timber-heads,) and from 

 thence to taper to fix inches at tli? tore-end, which comes 

 to the hair-bracket, which is a continuation of the upper 

 cheek, and runs in a handfome ferpenline line up the back of 

 the figure, as liigh as where the fiioulder of the figure is 

 fuppofed to come ; at which place it terminates with a 

 fcroll. The upper part of the figure or block is formed, 

 by continuing the line from the breaft or fore part of the 

 figure to the top of the hair-bracket, obferving to keep 

 the upper part fix inches clear of tlie under fide of th& 

 bowfprit, as before obferved. 



The head-timbers may now be drawn, placing the ftem- 

 timber its thicknefs, which is 7 inches, before the ftem, and 

 to ftaiid perpendicular from the upper fide of the lower 

 cheek to the under fide of the upper rail. The foremoft 

 timber to be 8 feet before the ftem, and to ftand parallel to 

 the ftem-timber, or rake half its thicknefs at leaft, which is 

 2i inches, which will produce a lighter appearance in the 

 head : the middle timber is placed equally between the two 

 former, and is fix inches thick. Another timber is fome- 

 times placed abaft the ftem-timber, at the fame diftance as 

 the one before it, the heel of it ftepping on the upper edge 

 of the lower rail. The length of the block for the figure 

 fometimes terminates by a perpendicular line at the heel of 

 the foremoft head-timber ; the lower cheek ends there, or 

 is continued higher up the figure, and finifties with a 

 fcroll. The hair-bracket alfo continues down to the heel of 

 the figure. 



The head-timbers being drawn, the middle and lower rails 

 may be drawn by dividing the fpace between the upper fide 

 of the upper cheek and under fide of the upper rail equally 

 at every head-timber ; then drawing curves to pafs through 

 the moulding depth of each rail, equally fet off from the 

 above fpaces, which moulding depth is C\ inches at the 

 ftem, and 4^ inches at the hair-bracket. The after-end of 

 the lower rail may terminate where it touches the fide. Be- 

 fore the rail above it can be finiftied, the cat-head muft be 

 drawn, letting it projeft from the aft-fide of the upper part 

 of the main or upper rail to rake forward, fo as to ftand 

 fquare with the bow, or nearly fo, and to ftive upwards 5^ 

 inches in every foot of its length, which is 8 feet 6 inches 

 without the bow ; obferving that the under fide is to fay 

 on the plank of the forecaftle at the fide : the upper fide 

 may be drawn parallel to the under fide at I foot 4^ inches, 

 its depth: the knee or fupporter under the cat-head forms 

 a fair curve to the after-end of the upper middle rail, as in 

 ftieer-draught, Plate I. The knee or fupporter under the 

 cat-head lately hangs perpendicularly, or nearly fo, and the 

 rail ends againft the fide. 



The knee of the head may next be drawn ; it is to pro- 

 jeft from the breaft of the figure about four inches ; thence 



dravf 



