SHIP-BUILDING. 



draw the fore part of the knee, with an agreeable ferpen- 

 ■tine line to its breadth from the ftem, which fhould not ex- 

 ceed two feet on a fquare at the load-water-line ; then, by- 

 continuing the fame line downwards, narrowing more and 

 more till it approaches the gripe, and drawing it more dif- 

 tant from the ftem, to about four feet in the broadell place, 

 let the lower part break in fair with the under fide of 

 ■the falfe keel, where it terminates with the fore foot or fore 

 part of the keel, which will be next defcribed. The gam- 

 moning-holes come between the head-timbers, and the bob- 

 ftay-holes at the fore part of the knee, and the havvfe-holes 

 between the cheeks are to be 2 feet 6 inches up from the 

 deck, and I foot 3 inches in diameter, as fhcwn in the 

 flieer-plan, Plate I. See Hawfe-holes, hereafter defcribed. 

 From the line reprefenting the upper edge of the keel, 

 fet down l foot 6 inches, its depth, and draw a line parallel 

 to its upper edge the whole length, which is i foot 2 inches 

 before timber S, to the aft-fide of the ftern-poll, and the 

 lower edge of the keel will be reprefented ; but to com- 

 plete the fore foot, which mult be of a fufficient depth to 

 receive the lower part of the item, called the boxing, fquare 

 up the fore end of the keel from the under fide to the fore- 

 fide of the ftem, and from thence fquare it to the aft-fide. of 

 the ftem from its curve. Tiie boxing, or lower part of the 

 ftem, may now be drawn : fet aft from the line laft fquared 

 6 feet 6 inches, and draw a perpendicular to half tlie depth 

 of the keel, and from thence continue a line forward, paral- 

 lel to the lower edge of the keel, one-third the length 

 of the fcarf, which will meet the fore-fide of the ftem and 

 complete it. 



The falfe keel, wliich is fix inches deep, may be drawn by 

 a line parallel to the under edge of the main-keel ; the fore 

 end of it may continue about three inches before the main- 

 keel, or run through to the fore part of the gripe. 



The flieer-draught being thus tar completed forward, the 

 Hern and quarters may be finifhed ; and iirll draw a line 

 which ftiiiU reprefcht the aft-fide of the quarter-piece, agree- 

 able to the round-forward of the rtern, which is 13 inches 

 before the fide (lern-tiraber, on a fquare, and nearly parallel 

 thereto, continuing this line from the plank-rtieer to the 

 lower gallery rim, the upper fide of which is, at the hne laft 

 drawn, 6 feet 5 inches above an horizontal line, at the upper 

 fide of the wing-traniom at the middle. (Obfcrve, all the 

 heights of the ftern will be fet up above this line, for the 

 manner of obtaining which, witii every particular relative 

 to the ftern, the reader is referred to the icftion Laying- 

 off the Stern, and Plate X.) At the height lail fet oft, 

 draw the upper fide of the rim forward parallel to the fheer 

 or top timber-line to 16 feet 6 inches, its length ; then draw 

 another line parallel under it at 105 inches, its depth. The 

 height of the upper fide of the rail at the middle ftool is 1 1 feet 

 9 inches at the quarter-piece, which muft alfo be drawn for- 

 ward parallel to the ftieer to 16 feet 8 inches, its length ; its 

 depth, which is 9^ inches, draw in as the middle rim. The 

 fore part of the quarter-piece may next be drawn, as the 

 heel of it fteps on the after end of the middle ftool, by 

 drawing a line parallel to the aft-fide at 14 inches, its fiding. 

 Draw the middle rim-rail, as before dircAed, at ij feet 

 3 inches, the height of the upper fide at the fore-fide of the 

 quarter-piece, to 12 feet 2 inches, its length. In the fame 

 manner draw the upper ftool-rail, its upper fide being 19 feet 

 5 inches up at the quarter-piece, and its length forward 

 12 feet 8 inches. Above this rail is the upper fmidiing, the 

 upper rail ot which ranges with the height of the plaiik- 

 Iheer, with another rail below it at 9 inches in the clear: the 

 upper rail may be about 3i inches, and the other 4 inches. 

 The upper rail of the finiftiing is 2 feet 8 inches ftiort of 



the upper ftool-rail, and Cnifhes at the fore part, as in the 

 fticer-draught, Plate 1 . The boundary, or fore part of the 

 upper gallery, is 1 1 feet 7 inches on the run of the middle 

 rim ; from thence a line is drawn upwards, parallel to the 

 quarter-piece. Between the middle ftool-rail and the rim 

 above it, the fore part is completed by a curve. The length 

 or boundary of the lower gallery is 15 feet 6 inches on the 

 lower rim ; from thence a line is drawn upwards, parallel to 

 the rake of the fide ftern-timber. Now the lights and 

 munions, which are three in each gallery, may be equally 

 fpaced ; the lights in the lower gallery to be 2 feet 9 inches 

 in the clear on a fquare, and the munions about 11 inches 

 each ; the lights in the upper gallery 2 feet 4 inches in the 

 clear on a fquare, and the munions about 9^ inches each ; 

 obferving to keep their lower fides up from the rail, about 



5 inches the lower ones and 4 inches the upper ones for 

 the water-table, and their upper fides about 4 inches clear 

 of the under fides of the ilool-rails above. Draw the 

 lower ftool-rail along the quarter, which is a continuation 

 of the lower counter-rail, as the middle rim is of the upper 

 counter-rail, at the outfide of the quarter-piece, from whence 

 they are to be continued their length parallel to the flieer, 

 and that will be the height of thofe rails, as viewed on a 

 level. The height of the lower counter-rail, at the fide 

 abaft, is 3 feet 4 inches, and from thence continued parallel 

 to the rim-rail above: to its length, which is 13 feet, fet 

 down loi inches, its depth, and draw it parallel to the 

 upper fide. 



The lower finifiiing is 2 feet 3 inches deep below the 

 lower ftool, and its boundary formed by curves, fo as to 

 have a light airy appearance, with a ftool nearly in the mid- 

 dle of if; depth. 



The foot-fpace rail may be 91 inches deep, and rabbets 

 on the ends of the flat of the quarter-deck. The brealt- 

 lail is 95 inches deep, and its upper fide is 3 feet 2 inches 

 above and parallel to the other, both projefting 2 feet 



6 inches on a fquare to the aft-fide at the middle line from 

 the midfliip ftern-timbcr. But to complete the balcony, 

 quarter-piece, and taffrail, as fliewn in the flieer-plan, the 

 reader is again referred to laying-off^ the ftern, and Plate X. 



The birthing of the lower counter may be reprefented by 

 drawing a curve 4 inches parallel abaft the aft-fide of the 

 counter-timbers, from the knuckle to the tuck-rail, which 

 covers the margin on the wing-tranfom, and projefts iti 

 thicknefs 9^ inches. Draw likcwife the birthing of the 

 upper counter, which is 2g inches thick, and parallel to the 

 ftcrn-timbers. Above the upper counter-rail draw in the 

 thicknefs of the middle munioii, which is 3 inches, and pa- 

 rallel to the middle ftern-timber, and continued upwards to 

 the arch-board over the lights, which is about 4^ inches 

 deep. 



The rudder may now be reprefented in the Iheer-plan, ob- 

 ferving, that the head is continued above the upper deck, 

 high enough to receive a tiller about four inches above the 

 deck ; then allow for two hoops above the hole, making 

 the upper part of the head 2 feet 6 inches above the deck. 

 Continue upwards the aft-fide of the ftern-poli, which reprc. 

 fents the fore-fide of the rudder, from whence its breadlli or 

 aft-fide is fet o(F; and as this fhould not be more nor Icfs 

 than fufRcient to direft the courfe of the vcllel, the com- 

 mon practice is to make the breadth at the heel, or lower 

 end, one-eighth of the main breadth, which will be fix feet 

 fur fliips having a clean run abatt ; but for merchant-fhips, 

 or thofe conftrudted chiefly tor burthen, it may be one- 

 feventh. The height of the lower hance may be fixed at 

 the load-wcter-liiie, or about fix inches above it, and iti 

 breadth there ftiould be five-foventlis of the breadth at the 

 3 Z 2 heel. 



