SHIP-BUILDING. 



the half-breadth plan, the fides of which may (land parallel 

 with the middle line, or canted fquare with tlie bow, which 

 will leffen their heels and bevellings, and affill tlieir con- 

 verfion, as before obferved, by the cant-timbers ; their num- 

 ber may be four, befides the knight-head, which comes next 

 the Hem, unlefs the apron is fided more than the ftem, which 

 cannot be the cafe when the rabbet is in the middle : as that 

 has now become general, a filling about fix inches fided is 

 fayed next the Hem, which makes it unneced'ary to call the 

 knight-head above the ftem to receive the bowfprit. In 

 the half-breadth plan, Plate I. the knight-head is drawn 

 next the ftem, therefore fet off from the item one foot four 

 inches, its fiding at the top-timber line or head ; before 

 cant V is introduced a (hort timber, which fiiortens the heel 

 of tlie knight-head and hawfe-picces, not that the heels are 

 expetfed to be gotten fo low down as to fay againft it, for 

 if the knight-head runs down low enough to take a bolt 

 througli the gun-deck hook, it is reckoned iufiicient, the 

 remainder being made good with a chock. From the Hem, at 

 the timber or timbers before cant y, fet up the fiding of the 

 heel, which is thirteen inches. In the fame manner fet off the 

 fiding of the hawfe-pieces, four in number, from each other, 

 as they fay clofe together, iu wake of the hawfe-holcs ; that is, 

 1 8 inches at the head for the firll hawfe-piece, 17 inches for 

 the head of the fecond and third, and 18 inches for the fourth ; 

 and the fiding at the heels to be all alike 13 inches, as in the 

 half-breadth plan, Plate I. 



The batufe-holes may now be drawn, which fiiould be fo 

 ftationed as to wound the hawfe-pieces as little as poffible ; 

 they may therefore be placed fo that the middle or centre of 

 the mid(hip-hole may come in the joint of tlie firil and fe- 

 cond hawfe-pieces, and that of the outer hole in the joint of 

 tlie third and fourth hawfe-pieces. The holes to be in dia- 

 meter, after the pipes are let out, 17 inches, and in dillance 

 from each other on a fquare 18 inches, to which lines may 

 be drawn in the half-breadth plan to extend from the thick- 

 nefs of the outfide to the infide plank, and in a fore and aft 

 direftion, fo as to crofs the middle line of the gun-deck at 

 the main-mall. Sometimes, to avoid wounding the hawfe- 

 pieces too much, middle pieces are introduced in wake of 

 the holes fided, about fix inches lefs than the diameter of 

 the holes ; then, by cutting three inches on the fides of llie 

 hawfe-pieces between tlic lioles, thofe hawfe-pieces become 

 confequcntly more fided, and are wounded proportionally, 

 but little. 



The hawfe-holes may now be reprefented in the fhecr-plan, 

 thus ; fet up their height above the gun-deck, which is two 

 feet eight inches, to their under fides, then their diameter 

 above that, which will be clear of the clamps above ; then, 

 with a proper Hive outwards, we Ihall find them about fix 

 inches ;ibove the upper fide of the lower check, which will 

 leave a fufhcient fubHancc of boljler under the hole for the 

 wear of tlie cable. Square up, from the half-breadth plan, 

 where the holes interiedl the infide and outfide plank at the 

 main half-breadth line, that being very near their height ; 

 then by drawing lines to their Hive parallel to their depth, 

 they will be reprefented as the dotted lines in the fheer-plaii, 

 Plate 1. ; but to continue them to the outfide of the bolHcr, 

 as the Hiaded holes in the fiicer-plan are, fquare up from 

 Ihe half-breadth plan, where they interfeft the fore part of 

 the cheek. 



The cant-timbers in the after-body may now be drawn, 

 and every part depending on them ; in order to which we 

 muft firll determine on the cant of the fadiion-piece ; there- 

 fore, having the round-aft of the wing-tranfom reprelented 

 in the half-breadth plan, and likcwifc an horizontal line at 

 the height of the wing-tranfom, fet off fixteen inches, its 



moulded breadth, at the fide on the horizontal line, which is 

 the Hation of the aft-fide of the fafhion-piece ; then, to de- 

 termine on the cant of it, the (hape of the body muH be con- 

 fidered, for the more it is canted the Hraighter will be the 

 timber, and fquare with the plank of the buttock, confe- 

 qucntly Hronger and much cafier obtained. 



Therefore, let the heel of the faihion-piece at the aft-fide 

 be nine inches on the ftepping-line in the half-breadth plan 

 before perpendicular 34, and drawing a llraight fine from 

 thence to the fore-fide ot the wing-tranfom, a-: above, the cant 

 of the falhion-piece will be dclcribed, and will be found 

 fituated in the belt manner pofiible to anfwer the before- 

 mentioned purpofcs. 



The cant of the falhion-piece being reprefented, the cant 

 of the timbers before it may be eafily determined ; let 29 be 

 the foremoH cant-timber in the atter-body, which, on the 

 main half-breadth line, may be equally fpaced between the 

 after fquare-timber 28, and the perpendicular 30, and its 

 heel on the Hepping-line be one foot nme inches abaft 28, 

 drawing a flraight line, as bcf.ire ; the other caut-timbers 

 between 29 and the falhion piece, which are c 30, c 31, 

 c 32, c 33, c 34, c 35, and c 36, may be equally Ipaced on 

 the Hepping-line at the heels, likewife on the main half- 

 breadth line, drawing ftraight lines as before, which will in- 

 terfeifl their perpendiculars as far aft as 34 on the m-iin half- 

 breadth line ; thus the cant-timbers in the after-body will be 

 reprefented as in tlie half-breadth plan, Plate I. 



The line drawn for the cant of the fadiion-piece repre- 

 fents the aft-fide of it, as before obferved, which lets on to 

 the ends of the tranfoms ; but, in order to affift the converfion 

 with regard to the lower tranfoms, there may be two more 

 falhion-pieces abaft the former ; therefore the foremolt 

 faihiiui-piece, or tliat which is already drawn in the half- 

 breadth plan, only takes the ends of the three upper tranfoms, 

 which are the wing, fiUing, and deck-tranfoms ; the middle 

 fadiion-piece takes the three next, and the after fadiion-piece 

 the three lower ones ; therefore fet off in the half-breadth 

 the fiding of the middle and after fadiion-pieces, which is 

 12 inches each ; then draw lines parallel to the foremolt 

 fadiion-piece at the fidings, and the middle and after fafliion- 

 pieces will be reprefented in the half-breadth plan. 



The fadiion-pieces and tranfoms may now be reprefented 

 in the fheer-plan, as the thwart diip appearance of the 

 fadiion-pieces limits the length of the tranfoms as they ap- 

 pear therein : fquare up from the half-breadth plan, where 

 the fadiion-pieces there interfeft the Hepping, the horizontal 

 or water-Hiies to their relpeftive water or horizontal hnes, 

 and Hepping-line, in the Hieer-plan ; but as the foremoft 

 fadiion-piece runs up three or more feet, if to be gotten above 

 the wing-tranfom, an horizontal line at the head, and three 

 more between that and the load-water-line, diould be drawrn 

 from the body to the half-breadth plan, in pencil, as they may 

 be rubbed out afterwards, and the interfeilion of the fadiion- 

 pieces fquared up as before ; then curves drawn through the 

 ipots as fquared up will rcprefcnt the thwartdiip appear- 

 ance of the fadiion-pieces in the dieer-plan, as in Plate I. 



The height and fiding of all the tranfoms may now be 

 drawn in the diecr-plan, thus ; fet down 13 inches below the 

 horizontal line reprefentiiig the upper fide of the wing- 

 tranfom already drawn, and draw a line parallel thereto, 

 which will diew the fiding or under fide of the wing-tranfom 

 as far forward as the fadiion-picce. 



The (illing-tranfom is the next, which nearly fills up the 

 vacancy between the under fide of the wing-traufom and 

 upper iide of the gun-deck plank, and may be reprefented 

 by drawing two parallel lines uiukr the wing-tranfom to its 

 fiding, which may be ten inches, if it will allow two inches 



between 



