SHIf-BUILDING. 



However defirable a three-port (hift may be with regard 

 to ftrength, planks of that length are hard to be gotten ; 

 therefore, to add fecurity to a two-port fliift, let the plank 

 below or above the butt be douelled into each timber next 

 the butt, and likewife edgeways, keeping the douls clear of 

 each other. 



To defign on a plan the body of the (liip, (hewing the 

 lengths and breadths of all the planks as near as is required 

 for°praftice, will be found by experience to be neceffary ; 

 for when the (hip is planking, without a plan of this fort to 

 affitt, it is requifite to girt the body in feveral places, to 

 know the number of ftrakes the bottom will require, in 

 order to work the planks of each quality of an equal 

 breadth, and likewife to know the dirainifhing of the 

 breadths of the planks forward and aft. To do this fatis- 

 faftorily, without a plan, is attended with much incon- 

 venience and trouble. It alfo affords an opportunity of not 

 only (hifting the work before it be immediately wanted ; but 

 by having the whole fliift of the bottom and top-fide before 

 you at one view, you have a better opportunity of feeing 

 whether the butts arc fufficiently clear of each other, which 

 is better than feeing them on the (hip's fide. And when 

 the (hip is planking, if there (hould bafany lengths which 

 may prove difficult, you may, by referring to the plan, fee 

 if the butt can conveniently be altered, without prejudicing 

 the (hift that is not wrought ; fome part of which it is likely 

 may be altered to conform thereto. 



The bottom may be expanded by the horizontal or water- 

 lines, alfo by the ribband-lines ; therefore, from the fheer- 

 plan, Plate I., may be taken the itation of all the timbers, 

 and the lower edge of the rabbet of the keel, from the aft- 

 fide of the rabbet of the ftern-poft, to as far forward as the 

 rabbet of the keel continues ilraiglit, that is to timber M ; 

 likewife the fcarfs of the keel ; all of which are to be fet 

 off on the plan of expanfion, as in Plate III. Then to ex- 

 pand the fquare body, transfer the heights of the upper and 

 lower edge of the main-wale, channel-wale, (heer-ilrakes, 

 upper and lower fides of all the ports, the height of the 

 decks at the fide, and under fide of the plank-(heer, from 

 the (heer-plan, Plate I., to the body-plan. Transfer from 

 the body-plan the half breadth of the timbers at the upper 

 and lower edge of the main-wale, channel-wale, flieer-flrake, 

 and under fide of plank-{heer, to the half-breadth plan, and 

 draw in the lines to their half breadth ; which being done, 

 apply to thofe lines, and alfo to the horizontal or water-lines, 

 narrow flips of paper, confining them thereto by needles or 

 fmall pins, from dead-flat forward to fquare timber O, and 

 from thence abaft to 28 ; marking upon each flip of paper 

 the flation of every timber, and its refpective water-line, &c. 

 as girted. 



In the fame manner, girt the timber dead-flat in the body- 

 plan, Plate I., from the infide of the rabbet of the keel to 

 the under fide of the plan-flieer or gun-wale ; then mark 

 upon it the heads of the timbers, water-lines, upper and 

 lower edges of the wales, and ports ; likewife the decks at 

 the fide and under fide of the plank-fheer. Then fquare 

 up the (tation of dead-flat, as fliewn on Plate 111. ; and 

 upon that line fet up the middle of the rabbet, to which 

 fpot fix, with a needle, the fpot correfponding thereto on 

 the flip of paper that girted dead-flat ; then upon the line 

 mark off' from the faid flip the water-lines, heads of the 

 timbers, upper and lower edges of the wales, ports, &c. In 

 the fame manner proceed to girt every fquare timber in the 

 body-plan, Plate I., marking thereon the name of its re- 

 fpeftive timber. Then fix the fpot marked for the middle 

 «f the rabbet of each girt, to the niiddle of the rabbet of 

 its rcfpeftive timber in Plate III. 



Now fix the girt of each water-line, &c. as taken from 

 the half-breadth plan, to its correfponding height, as marked 

 on dead-flat, PlatelW.; then (tretch each girt, obferving 

 it does not pucker, in fuch a manner that the ftations of the 

 timbers, as marked on the girts of the water-lines, &c. and 

 their correfponding heights, as marked on the girt of each tim- 

 ber, may interfeft each other ; then with needles confine thenj 

 iu that fituation, and make dots at every interfeftion, which 

 will reprcfent the expanded heights and lengths of all the 

 water-lines, main-wales, &c. in the fquare bodies. Fair 

 curves may then be drawn through all thefe dots, which 

 will (hew the fquare bodies expanded from 28 aft to O 

 forward. 



Then, to expand the cant -bodies afore and abaft, proceed 

 to draw in pencil the joints of the cant-timbers in the body, 

 plan, Plate I. ; thus, lay a flip of paper in the direiflion of 

 each cant-timber in the half-breadth plan, and mark on it 

 their interfeftion at each water-line, main-wale, channel, 

 wale, ports, (heer-llrake, and plank-(heer ; alfo the middle 

 of the rabbet of the keel and item, and middle line. Then LA 

 transfer each timber fo marked to the body-plan, Plate I.; ff 

 and mark on each correfponding line their half-breadths 

 from the middle hne ; then curves drawn through thofe fpots ,_ 

 will reprefent the joint of each cant-timber from the keel ■ 

 to the top of the fide. In the fam.e manner draw the ^ 

 fides of the (hort timber before cant y. 



The thwartfhip view of the joints of all the cant-timbers 

 being reprefented in the (heer-plan, Plate I., fquare up from 

 the half-breadth plan the fore-fide of cant y and the tim- 

 ber before it, and likewife the fides of the hawfe-picces, 

 where they interfeft the water-lines, main-wale, &c. to their 

 correfponding lines in the (heer-plan. Then drawing lines 

 in pencil through the fpots fo fquared up, the thwart fliip 

 view of the hawfe-pieces, and the cant-timber before _y, will 

 be alfo reprefented in the (heer-plan. 



Now draw in pencil the fore and aft view of the hawfe- 

 pieces in the budy-plan, Plate 1., by fetting off their fiding 

 at the heads and heels from the fide of the ftem, and draw 

 ilraight lines to interfeft the forcrfide of cant y and the tim. 

 ber before it ; then transfer the height of the heels from the 

 fheer-plan, where they cut off againll the foremoit timbers, 

 to the fame timbers in the body-plan, as in Plate VIII. Lay- 

 ing-off B,/^s. I and 2. 



Transfer the heights of the main-wale, &c. where they 

 interfeft the joint of the cant-timbers in the (heer-plan, 

 Plate I., to their correfponding timbers in the body-plan. 

 Then with flips of paper girt the cant-timbers, as before, 

 for the fquare ones, marking all the heights fet off, and 

 the heels where they cut the ftem forward and thofe abaft 

 on the keel. 



Likewife girt each water-line, main-wale, &c. from fquare 

 timber O, in the half-breadth plan, round to the ftem, mark- 

 ing thereon the joints of all the cant-timbers, the fides of 

 the hawfe-pieces, and ftem ; then girt the ftem in the fheer- 

 plan from M, marking O, the heels of all the cant-timbers, 

 and the heights of the water-lines, wales. Sec. 



Then place the girt of the ftem on Plate III., confining 

 it at M ; and likewife fix all the girts of the cant-timbers 

 in the fore -body, confining their heels refpeftively to their 

 ftations on the ftem ; alfo the girts of each water-line, 

 wales, &c. confining them refpeftively at fquare timber O; 

 then move the whole till they all agree, that is, the ends of 

 the water-lines, &c. are to agree with their refpeftive heights 

 on the girt of the ftem, confining them with pins till the 

 whole of the fore cant-body agree, and as much as poflible 

 let them lie fmooth, wthout puckering. Then may be 

 marked on the plan the proper edges of the flips of paper, 



which 



