SHIP-BUILDING. 



which will reprefent the moulding edges of the cant-timbers, 

 the water-lines, wales, &c. Likewife mark the heads of 

 the timbers, as taken from the body-plan, as the flips now 

 lie, which heads may be drawn when the flips of paper 

 are taken up. 



The fidings of all the timbers may then be drawn from 

 their moulding edges, and the openings fhewn where re- 

 quired for air, or to make the fides of ports, obferving to 

 taper the heels of the cant-timbers on the ilepping-line. 



The operation of expanding the after cant-body is fo 

 fimilar to the above as not to need repetition ; therefore, fup- 

 pofing the after cant-body to be expanded as far aft as the 

 falhion-pieces and ftein-timber, there only remains to be ex- 

 plained the expanding of the tranfoms. 



Ttie buttock-lines being drawn in the feveral plans of 

 Plate I., proceed to draw in pencil the moulding edges of 

 the tranfoms in the half-breadth plan, thus : lay a (lip of 

 paper in the direftion of the upper edge of each Iranfom in 

 the flieer-plan, and mark thereon where they cut each but- 

 tock-hne fore-fide of the rabbet of the ilern-poft, and the 

 after perpendicular. 



Square down the after perpendicular to the half-breadth 

 plan, and therefrom fct off each tranfom on its correfpond- 

 ing buttock-hne, and the rabbet on the half-thicknefs of 

 the pod. Then draw curves through thofe fpots, till they 

 interfeft the aft -fide of the fafliion-pieces, and the moulding 

 edges of the tranfoms will be reprefcnted in the half-breadth 

 plan. 



Now draw in pencil the tranfoms and buttock-lines, where 

 they crofs the aft-fides of the fafhion-pieces in the body-plan, 

 by transferring their heights from the Iheer-plan, where they 

 interfeft the thwart (liip view of the fafhion-pieces on the 

 aft- fide. 



Provide narrow flips of paper, as before, and extend one 

 round the aft fide of each faihion-piece in the body-plan, 

 Pkti I. ; and mark thereon where the upper fides of the 

 tranfoms and buttock-lines crofs them. Then place other 

 flips round the moulding edges of the tranfoms, below the 

 wing-tranfom in the half-breadth plan, marking the aft-fides 

 of the fafliion-picces againit which the tranfoms cut off, and 

 the feveral buttock-lines, as alfo the fide of the ilern-pott, 

 or infide of the rabbet, which is the extreme length of the 

 planks when worked. Then extend other flips of paper 

 round the feveral buttock-hnes in the fheer-plan, Plate I. 

 and mark on them the aft-fides of the falhion-pieces, and the 

 moulding or upper edges of all the tranfoms below the 

 wing, and likewife the margin-line of the wing-tranfom, 

 wiiich is the end of the buttock-hnes and planks alfo. 

 Then place the flips of paper as on Plate III., thofe for the 

 heights of the tranfoms and buttock-hnct to the aft-fides of 

 the fafhion-pieces, refpeftively marking their heights, to 

 which fix thofe for the buttock-lines and moulding edges of 

 the tranfoms to correfpond ; then move both the latter, till 

 their corrcfponding fpots agree together, and fo confine them 

 with pins : then mark the proper edges of the flips of paper, 

 which will give the expanded form of the moulding edges of 

 the tranfoms, and likewile the buttock-lines as they properly 

 interfcft the tranfoms. Tiie fartheil fpots on the papers of 

 the tranfoms give the boundary of the (tern-frame at the 

 infide of the rabbet, and the fartheft fpots on the papers of 

 the buttock-lines and the m.argin, of tiie wing-tranfom. 



In the fame manner may be taken off the lower edges of 

 all the tranfoms, and draw the upper part of the wing- 

 tranfom, which makes the ftern-frame complete. 



Take a flip of paper, and place it \ip the rabbet of the 

 ftern-poft, in the (heer-plan, Plate I., and mark on the 

 paper the lower edge of the rabbet of the keel, the three 



lower water-lines, and the lower edge of the lower tranfom ; 

 then place the flip of paper as in Plate III., keeping the 

 fpot for the lower edge of the rabbet well with its cor- 

 refponding fpot on the keel; ar.d move the flip of paper, 

 till the marks for the water-lines and lower edge of the 

 tranfom agree with their extremities ; then, by marking 

 the edge, the poll will be defcribed, and the boundary of 

 the planks below the tranfom. 



The operation may be performed by the ribband-lines, as 

 well as by the water-lines, as before obfcrved ; but in that 

 cafe, the cant-timbers muft have been drawn in the body- 

 plan, Plate I., on the fquare as well as on the cant, to 

 level through their proper heights, which was omitted, to 

 prevent confufion : neverthelefs the lower ribband is repre- 

 fcnted in Plate III. 



The whole fide being now expanded, the planks of the 

 bottom and wales may all be reprefcnted, agreeable to the 

 foregoing direftions. Likewife, on the top-fide we have 

 an opportunity of feeing the diftance of every feam from the 

 port-fills, whereby you may judge whether it is better to 

 cut down upon the ftrakes for the ports, or to work the 

 Itrakes fomewhat broader, to correfpond with the (lops of 

 the ports. This (hould be carefully examined, otherwife 

 you will be under the neceffity of making a bad (hift in the 

 top-fide ; or be forced to cut fo low down upon the lower 

 ftrake, that the bolts, which are driven through the lower 

 fills, will be of little ufe ; and alfo to cut up fo much for 

 the upper part of the ports, that there will not be left fuf- 

 ficient wood for the port-hooks to bear the weight of the 

 ports ; inconveniencies which ought to be well confidered, 

 before it be too late to alter them. 



The ftrength of the fliip, with refpe£t to keeping her 

 from breaking her (heer, chiefly depends on the (hift of the 

 planks from the water to the gun-wale, of which the greateft 

 care ftiould be taken to make the bell poffible, agreeable to 

 the ufual lengths of the planks ; and hkewife that the infide 

 plank, efpecially the ftrake above and below the ports, 

 fliould be fliifted as clear as poffible of the outfide ftrakes. 



The longer the planks in the top-fide are wrought, the 

 ftronger muft be the work ; but then it would be imprudent 

 to work longer than the ufual length of the planks, becaufe 

 when the (hip wanted repair, you would be forced to 

 cut plank on purpofc, and thereby work green plank in- 

 ftead of feafoned. The breadth of the planks fliould be 

 confulted, before you determine on the number of ftrakes 

 in the top-fide, as before obferved ; for if the planks are 

 rather narrow, the top-fide will look the neater, and be 

 equally as Itrong, if not bored too much. 



To defign the Profile, or inboard ll^orh of the "J^-Gun Ship, 

 ■with Ohfervatiom on the inloard IVorit of Ships in general. 

 Plate IV. 



Sometimes the inboard works are drawn in the flieer-plan 

 of Plate I. ; but when fo drawn, they appear (b confufed, 

 tliat the beit and rtadieft method is to appropriate a draught 

 for that purpofe, as Plate IV., in which every particular 

 will be more clear and conipicuous. 



To conltruft this drauglit, it will be neceffary to take 

 from the ftieer-plan of Plate I. the fcale, keel and fcarfs, 

 ftem, ftern-poft, rudder, counter-timbers, fafliion-picccs, 

 tranfoms, cutting-down line, keelfon, apron, ftcmfon, all 

 the decks, and centres of the mails ; alfo the drifts, plank- 

 flieer all fore and aft, the joints of the frame-timbers, and 

 the ports. 



Tiie ftations of the beams are next to be coiifidorcd, and 

 (hould be fo difpofed as to come one under, and one be- 

 tween, each port, or as nearly fo as poffible, to anfwer the 



other 



