SHIP-BUILDING. 



other works of the (hip, as the hatchways, ladder-ways, 

 maft-rooms, &c. ; but where a beam cannot pofiibly be 

 placed under a port, or too wide apart, then a beam-arm, 

 or half-beam, (hould be introduced to make good the de- 

 ficiency. 



To difpofe of the beams, as in the profile, Plate IV., 

 draw a fine pencil hne under the deck-hne at the fide, and 

 parallel thereto, to the moulding of the beams, which is for 

 the gun-deck, 1 6 inches; upper-deck, 1 2 inches; quarter- 

 deck and forecaftle, 8i inches ; and round-houfe, 6 inches. 

 Then place the firft beam of the gun-deck under the middle 

 of the firft port, or nearly fo ; the fecond between that and the 

 third, which t^kes the heels of the bowfprit-ftep ; the aft- 

 fide of the latter to be 3 feet 10 inches before the centre of 

 the fore-maft ; the fore-fide of the fourth to be 2 feet 6 inches 

 abaft it ; the aft-fide of the fifth to be 10 feet 9 inches abaft 

 the centre of the fore-mait, againft which are the fore riding- 

 bitts ; the aft-fide of the feventh to be 21 feet 10 inches 

 abaft the faid centre, which takes the after riding-bitts ; 

 the fixth comes equally between ; the aft-fide of the tenth 

 beam plumbs the after-part of the forecaftle, or nearly fo, 

 and makes the fore-fide of the fore-hatchway, which is 

 4 feet 10 inches fore and aft, and is made by the eleventh 

 beam ; the ladder-way between the ninth and tenth beam is 

 3 feet 2 inches in the clear ; the aft-fide of the twelfth beam 

 is 5 feet 8 inches abaft the fore-hatchway ; and the fore -fide 

 of the thirteenth 1 1 feet : between thefe two beams are let 

 down the fore-jeer capftan-ftep. The fore-fide of the 

 feventeenth beam is 5 feet 8 inches before the centre of the 

 main-maft, and makes the aft-fide of the main-hatchway, 

 which is 8 feet fore and aft, and is made by the fixteenth 

 beam ; the eighteenth beam is 9 feet 9 inches in the clear 

 abaft the feventeenth; and the nineteenth 4 feet 10 inches 

 in the clear, which makes the after-hatch ; the aft-fide of 

 the twenty-firft beam is 1 2 feet abaft the after-hatch ; and 

 the twenty-fecond 5 feet 6 inches in the clear abaft it, which 

 takes the itep of the main-jeer-capftan ; from the twenty- 

 third to the thirtieth are about 4 feet in the clear afunder. 

 Between the twenty-third and twenty-fifth is the ladder-way 

 to the cock-pit, and hatch to fpirit-room ; and the twenty- 

 fixth beam (hould be placed exaftly under the centre of the 

 mizen-maft, all the beams having any thing attached to 

 them being particularized. The intermediate onei may be 

 equally fpaced between them ; and their fidings, which are 

 16 inches, may now be fet o(F, and each beam be drawn. 

 But as beams are feldom made of lefs than two pieces, the 

 lips, which are four inches, had better be added to the fiding. 



On the upper deck the firft beam is placed under the beak- 

 head, to receive the tenons of the beak-head ftantions ; 

 the fecond beam muft be fo fixed, as not to be too much 

 wounded by the bowfprit ; the third and fourth about 2 feet 

 6 inches in the clear on each fide the centre of the fore- 

 maft ; the others, particularly thofe that have pillars under 

 them, (hould be itationcd over thofe of the gun-deck ; from 

 the fifth beam to the tenth is let up in the middle 2 inches of 

 the fore-hearth carling, which is 12 inches fquare ; between 

 the tenth and the eleventh beam is the fore-hatch over the 

 gun-deck, abaft which is a ladder-way, and next abaft it 

 the capftan ; the feventeenth beam takes the topfail-ftieet- 

 bitts on the aft-fide ; and the next beam before makes the 

 fore-fide of the main-hatchway, before which is a ladder- 

 way about 4 feet 6 inches in the clear. The eighteenth 

 beam on the fore-fide takes the main jeer-bitts, and the next 

 abaft makes the after-hatchway ; between the tiventy-firft 

 aud twenty-fecond is the capftan-room, which ftiould be at 

 leaft 5 feet 8 inches in the clear, to admit the capftan. From 

 the twenty-fecond to the twenty-fifth are gratings, and a 



10 



tec. The tranfom abaft 



ladder-way to the gun-room, 

 fcores in to the ftem-timbers. 



The quarter-deck beams having no framing of carlings and 

 ledges as the others below, require nearly twice the num- 

 ber in the fame length, and a greater round-up, otherwife 

 they would be apt to bend with their own weight. 



The length of the quarter-deck is determined by having 

 the aft-fide of the foremoft beam about four feet before the 

 centre of the main-maft, and in general receives the tenon 

 at the heads of the main-topfail(hcet-bitts ; the fecond beam 

 is about 4 feet 6 inches abaft the centre of the main-maft, 

 and receives the tenon at the heads of the main-jeer-bitts ; of 

 late thefe bitts are clear of the beams above the riding bitts ; 

 the other beams, in general as far aft as the mizen-maft, are 

 kept about 2 feet 8 inches in the clear afunder. Between 

 the third and fourth beams is a fcuttle on each fide for the 

 top-tackle ; from the feventh to the eleventh are gratings ; 

 and between the eleventh and twelfth a ladder-way for the 

 officers. Fourteen and fifteen are placed about i foot 

 10 inches on each fide the centre of the mizen-maft ; and the 

 thirteenth 3 feet 6 inches before fourteen, fo as to receive 

 the tenons of the fteering-wheel ftantions in the middle; 

 the twenty-fourth beam is fo placed as to receive the tenons 

 of the munion of the fcreen-bulk-head, and fometimes 

 rounds aft for the bulk-head to follow the round-aft of the 

 (tern, or nearly fo. Againft the fore-fide of the ftern- 

 timbers, and fcored aft into them, is a tranfom like the 

 deck below, but having a balcony ; the deals run aft to 

 form the fame. 



The forecaftle beams (hould be four more in number than 

 there are in the upper deck, in the length of the forecaftle ; 

 and where a wide opening occurs, fuch as the maft-room, a 

 half-beam (hould be introduced, to make good the deficiency. 

 The cat-beam is fo placed that the itantions of the beak- 

 head-bulk-head may face on the fore-fide li inch ; and when 

 the cat's-tail comes in upon the forecaftle, and is fecured 

 thereon, it muft be three-feet fided, as it requires a rabbet of 

 five inches on the aft-fide to receive the ends of the deals ; but 

 of late years the cat's-tail comes in under the beams, which 

 greatly alfifts the convcrfion of the cat-heads, and makes 

 more room on the forecaftle, and confequently the beam 

 need be no larger than the others, whereby a great weight 

 is taken oflF this part of the (hip. Between the firft and fe- 

 cond beam is a ladder-way about three feet in the clear. The 

 third beam is two feet before the centre of the fore-maft ; the 

 fore-topfail-(heet-bitts come on the fore- fide, and the heeU 

 upon the upper deck. The fore-fide of the fourth beam is 

 three feet abaft the centre of the fore-maft, which allows for 

 the fore-jeer bitts to come on the fore-fide of the beam ; and 

 their heels (hould caft outwards fufficient to lead the fore- 

 tack aft clear of the galley. From the fixth to the eighth 

 beams are the gratings over the galley ; on the fore-fide of 

 the ninth beam is the fcuttle for the fire-hearth funnel ; be- 

 tween that and the tenth, the fteam-grating over the boiler ; 

 and on the after-beams was a cupola, or belfry for the bell, 

 but that of late has been removed to the fore-part of the 

 quarter-deck, between the main-topfail-(heet-bitts, in the 

 royal navy. 



The round-houfe beams are fmaller than thofe of the quar- 

 ter-deck ; therefore, let the number of beams on the round- 

 houfe be two, or more, in number than in the fame length 

 of the quarter-deck. The round-houfe ftiould always have 

 a great round-up, both for ftrength and convenience. 



With regard to placing the round-houfe beams, we have 

 only to attend to the foremoft (tantion of the fteering-wheel, 

 fo as to receive the tenon at the head : the mizen-maft 

 muft alfo have a beam about 20 inches on each fide the 



centre. 



I 



