SHIP-BUILDING. 



with the chafe-port and upper part of the round-houfes 

 alfo the plan of the cat-head, cafs-tail, and the knee abaft 

 the cat-head. Between the cat's-tail and the fore-mait is 

 framed in midfhips a ladder-way, and round the fore-mall 

 are the fore-top-fail-lTieet and jeer-bitts, ^Tlth their crofs- 

 pieces ; on the fides of the bitts the cheek-blocks, or 

 ihev mnft be provided very large, to receive all the fheeves 

 neceflary for fheets, braces, &c. Abaft the fore-mait on 

 each fide, is a fcuttle for the top-tackles to lead through to 

 hook to an eye-bolt on the upper deck. Over the galley, 

 in midfliips, are framed the fteam-gratings ; and between 

 them coamings for the chimney-funnel. At the aft-part 

 of the forecaftle are reprefented the belfry bitts, with the 

 knees to fupport them ; and over the breaft-beam are fhewn 

 the foot-rail and llantions, as then ufed, but now difcon- 



tinued. „ , <• i j 



Along the waill into the fide, inltead of gang-boards, as 

 formerly, the deck is continued from forward to aft feven 

 feet three inches from the fide ; likewife the flat is continued 

 along the midOiips, five feet three inches on each lide the 

 middle line, except an opening over the main-hatchway. 



Upon the plan of the quarter-deck is (hewn the plan of 

 the bread and foot-rail over the breaft-beam, with their 

 ttantions, now rendered unnecellary by continuing lo much 

 of the deck along. On each fide of the main-matt is a 

 flat fcuttle for the pumps to be paffed through ; and on the 

 aft-fide of the beam abaft the mall are the brace-bitts. Abaft 

 the brace-bitts, on each fide, is a fiat fcuttle, for leading 

 through the main top-tackles to an eye-bolt driven in the 

 upper deck. From the feventh beam to the twelfth the fpace 

 is framed for gratings, and a ladder-way, as before direfted, 

 five feet four inches in the clcir. Between the fourteenth and 

 fifteenth beams are fixed the llcering-wheel and its ttantions ; 

 in the next opening is the mizen-maft : the partners are 

 formed with thick-ttuft", as at the upper deck. On the 

 beam abaft the matt is the bulk-head of the lobby and bed- 

 place ; and on the twtnty-firft beam the bulk-head of the 

 captain's cabin : between thefe bulk-heads arc a fore and 

 aft bulk-head that part the lobby and bed-place ; and on 

 the twenty-fourth beam is the fcreen-bulk-head. The 

 latter is unneceflary when there is no walk or balcony 

 abaft. 



A plan of the round-houfe is not wanted, as, befidef its 

 beams and ports, there are only the mizen-top-lail-flieet -bitts 

 on the fore-fide of the beam before the matt, and taffrail- 

 knees abaft : when an open ttern, illuminators inttead of a 

 companion are let into the deck. 



Erfiluneiticn of ike Methoils of Lay'mg-off all the Parts of a 

 Ship on the ]\Jould-loft Floor, preparatory to the adtial Bu'ild- 

 tng of the Ship. 



The (hcer draught, Plate I., being completely drawn 

 upon paper, mollly to a fcale of a quarter of an inch 

 to a foot, as before obferved, or forty-eight times lefs 

 than the real fize of the fliip, it remains to expand it to 

 that fize on the mnuld-loft-floor ; but the latter is feldom 

 long enough to admit the laying-ofF of any large veil'el in 

 one length ; in imall mould-lofts they mutt of courfe lay- 

 off in three or four lengths. Indeed, to lay-off in one 

 length would caufe unncceffary watte of time ; for many of 

 the joints of the timbers, or perpendiculars of the fore-body, 

 anfwcr alike for the after-body. 



Lfiying-off. Plate VII. 



Plate A may be faid to reprefcnt the mould-loft-floor in 

 miniature, by the fame fcale as Plate I. ; but here, to pre- 

 vent coiifufion, the different plans are (hewn feparate, but 



on the floor in the grofs : the fevtral plans are laid off one 

 over the other, which, to the praftitioner, is perfeflly clear. 



The mould-loft-floor being cleared, begin by ftriking a 

 ttraight line from one end to the other, as A A in the above 

 plate, in dittance from the fide of the loft as much as the 

 keel is deep. This hne will reprefent the upper edge of 

 the rabbet of the keel in the fheer-plan,_^^. i, above which 

 all the heiglits are to be fet up, and it v/ill reprefent alfj 

 the middle line of the half- breadth plan, fig. 2. 



Proceed now to lay-off the fore-body, by transferring 

 from the (heer-plan, Plate I., and erefting from the line A A, 

 to the right-hand, the leveral perpendiculars or joints of 

 the frames ®, B, D, F, H, K, M, O, Q, S, U, X ; and 

 the foremott-perpendicular, and likewife frames 2 and 4 

 abaft 0. This muft be accurately done, fo as not to exceed 

 the room and fpace. 



Now defcribe the ttern, as in Plate Vll.fg. 1, fuppofing 

 it of the full fize, by fetting up from the line A A the height 

 of the centres from Plate I., and the nearett dittance thereon 

 from the adjoining perpendicular, as at Q, Q ; by which 

 radius the fore and after fides are fwept, likewile the rabbet 

 in the middle, from the keel upwards to S. Then fet up 

 the height of the head, or upper part, and its dittance forwjrd 

 from the nearett perpendicular ; then, by pinning a batten 

 to the fpots lalt fet off, and to the curves already fwept, the 

 ilem will be formed likewife. 



Transfer from the fheer-plan, Plate I., the heights of the 

 lower and upper height of breadth-lines from the line A A, 

 as in Plate VII., from the perpendicular 4 to the ilem; 

 then, by pinning a batten to tliofe heights, produce the fair 

 curves E and F. 



Let the outlines of the fore body-plan, Plate VII. Jig. 3, 

 be reprefented, that is to fay, the middle line by the line 

 A A ; the bafe line, or upper edge of the keel, by one of the 

 perpendiculars ; then will the outfide line, RL, be parallel 

 to the line A A : at the moulded breadth at dead-flat (as few 

 mould-lofts arc broad enough to admit the height of the 

 timbers as in the plate,) ft.rike in the half-fiding of the 

 ttem S from the middle line. 



The main half-breadth line may now be laid off, by trans- 

 ferring it from the half-breadth plan, Plate I., to its cor- 

 refponding timbers on the floor, from the line A A ; and to 

 end this line at the (lem, take the height in the (keer-plan, 

 fig. I, where the lower height of breadth-line interfefts the 

 att fide of the rabbet of the ttem, and transfer it to the 

 middle line of the body-plan, _/rf. 3 ; and from thence take 

 the half-thicknefs of the ttem, and fet it up from the middle 

 line of the half-breadtli plan upon a line fquared down from 

 the aft-fide of the rabbet of the ftem, at the lower hiig'it of 

 breadth in the ttieer-plan. Then, by pinning a batten to 

 the feveral half-breadths fet off, and to its ending at the 

 ilem, we form the fair curve D, as in Plate VII. ^^. 2, or 

 main half-breadth line. 



Obferve, when the batten is pinned, to look along it 

 rtritfly, and fee that its edge produces a fair line : this mutt 

 be always underttood, and therefore need not be repeated. 



Transfer from the flieer-plan, Plate I., the heights of the 

 centres for the radius of the floor-fweeps of the fore-body 

 on to the floor, and by pinning a batten thereto, produce the 

 line B, in^_o^. i. 



Transfer from the half-breadth plan, Plate I., the rifing 

 half-breadth, or narrowing of the floor-fweeps of the fore- 

 body, and by pinning a batten thereto, produce the line B, 

 wfg. 2. 



Transfer from the (heer-plan, Plate I., the heights of the 

 top timber-line to the floor ; and fliould the floor not be 

 broad enough to admit the whole heights, fet them up 



their 





