SHIP-BUILDING. 



Iheir refpeftive timbeis from fome itraight line, as A A, 

 allowing the addition of twenty feet ; then, by pinning a 

 batten to thofe heights fet up, produce the curve I, 

 PlateVll.Jg. I. 



Transfer from the half-brfadth plan, Pljlc I., the top- 

 timber half-breadth on to the floor, and by pinning a batten 

 to the feveral half-breadths fet off, the curve C, in PLiteVW. 

 Jig. 2, wilt alfo be reprefented. 



Then, having marked the feveral lines laid off with their 

 refpedtive names, proceed to lay-off the fore-body, fixing on 

 fome convenient part of the floor, making the line A A, 

 Plate Vll. fg. I, ferve for the middle line M, PhileVU. 

 Jig. 3, and one of the perpendiculars for the bafe line, or 

 upper edge of the keel, as before obferved. The diagonal 

 lines in the body-plan are not only ufed in laying-off the iaody 

 on the floor, and taking the bevellings of the feveral timbers, 

 but arc of very principal ufe in the adtual building ; for at 

 their ftations the ribbands and harpins, which keep the 

 whole frame of the fhip together until the planking is 

 brought on, their fituation with regard to the heads of the 

 timbers muft be determined ; it confequently follows, that 

 1 particular explanation of them is necellary. 



The floor-head diagonal marked C in Plate Vl\. Jigs. 3 

 and J, terminates the length of the floors, hence its name. 

 The placing of this diagonal is of the utmoil confequence 

 to the llrength of the fliip, it being fo near the bildge, or 

 that part which takes the ground, that it confequently is 

 always liable to the greatelt Itraiu. It fhould, therefore, 

 be placed as much above the bearing of the body in mid- 

 ihips as can be conveniently allowed by converfion of the 

 timber ; but, afore and abaft, it is not of fo much con- 

 fequence. Bevellings are taken at this diagonal to as far 

 forward and aft as the floor extends. 



The diagonal marked B in Plate VW.fgs, 3 and 5, is 

 placed in midfhips from eighteen inches to two feet, ac- 

 cording to the fize of the fliip, below the floor-head C ; it 

 is the Ihition where the floor-ribband is placed in midfhips, 

 and likewife tlie floor-harpin forward. Bevellings are alfo 

 taken at this diagonal, all fore and aft, from which it is 

 termed the Jloor-ribband. 



The lower diagonal, marked A in Plate VII. Jigs. 3 

 and J, is fituated generally in the middle between the keel 

 and floor-ribband ; at which place the lowed bevellings of 

 the timbers are taken. 



The diagonal marked D in Plate VII. Jigs. 3 and 5, is 

 lituated in the middle, between the floor-head and firft fut- 

 tock-head, at which place a ribband and harpin are necef- 

 fary for the fecurity of the firll or lower futtocks, and 

 hence called the JirJl futtock-ribband. There are alfo bevel- 

 lings taken at tliis diagonal, all fore and aft ; which, being 

 the part of the body where the timbers moll vary, occalioi; 

 them to be the greatelt bevellings in the whole body. 



The diagonal marked E in Plate VII. Jigs. 3 and 5, 

 terminates the heads of the firll futtocks, and is therefore 

 called \.\ic JirJl fiittock-head : it Ihould be fpaced about feven 

 feet above the floor-head, in order to give fufFlcient icarf 

 or fhift to the lower part of the fecond futtocks. Bevellings 

 are likewife taken at this diagonal, all fore and aft. 



The diagonal marked F in Plate VII. figs. 3 and j, is 

 fituated iu the middle, between the firft. futtock-head and 

 the fecond futtock-head, at which place a ribband and 

 harpin are necellary for the fecurity of the fecond futtocks, 

 and hence called the fecond j'utioch-ribhand. Bevellings are 

 alfo taken at this diagonal, all fore and aft. 



The diagonal marked G in Plate W\. Jigs. 3 and 5, 

 terminates the heads of the i'econd futtocks, alfo the heads 



of the double futtocks afore and abaft the floors, and is 

 iherefore called the fecond futtoch-head ; it fliould be 

 fpaced about feven feet above the iiril or lower futtock-head, 

 in order to give fufficient fcarf or Ihift to the lower part of 

 the third futtocks. Bevellings arc alfo taken at this dia- 

 gonal, all fore and aft. 



Tlie diagonal marked H in Plate VII. Jigs. 3 and 5, is 

 fituated in midlhips in the middle, between the fecond 

 futtock-head and the third futtock-head, at which place a 

 ribband and harpin are necellary for the fecurity of the 

 third futtocks, and hence called the third futtocL-ribband. 

 Obferve, the harpin is placed low enough at the Hem that 

 the wales may be worked before it is taken down, or it may 

 fly up like the others, and not come home to the Hem. 

 Bevellings are aUo taken at this diagonal, all fore and aft. 



The diagoaal marked I in Plate VII. Jigs. 3 and 5, 

 terminates the heads of the third futtocks, and is therefore 

 called the third futtock-head, and fliould be fpaced about 

 (even feet above the fecond futtock-head, fo as to give the 

 fame fhift to the fourth futtocks as the other futtocks have. 

 Obferve, luch thud tuttocks as come under the gun-deck 

 ports, mult be continued upwards to the under part of the 

 ports, if poflible to be gotten. Bevellings are alfo taken 

 at this diagonal, fore and aft. 



It mull be obferved, that the diagonals for the ribbands, 

 as above defcnbed, mult all be drawn in pencil on the body- 

 plan, Plate I. 



A ribband and harpin .ire alfo placed all fore and aft below 

 the gun. deck and upper deck ports, and one likewife at the 

 top timber-line, as at M, N, and O, Plate Wl.Jigs. 3 and 5, 

 which, with the ribbands and harpins before mentioned, 

 keep the whole framing of the (hip together to its true 

 model. 



Having defcribed the diagonals, and ftruck them acrof* 

 the fore-body on the floor, as in Plate VW. Jig. 3, the fe- 

 veral timbers may be completed, by firll transferring the 

 lower height of breadth-line E from the (heer-plan, PlateWl. 

 Jig. I, from Hp to X, to the fore body-plan, ^^. 3, and 

 llrikiiig horizontal lines at each of thofe heights acrols the 

 body-plan, as at K ; then transfer the main half-breadth of 

 each timber from the half-breadth plan,^^"-. 2, upon their cor- 

 refponding heights from the middle line of the body-plan, 

 Jig. 3. Then by taking the radius or length of the lower 

 breadth fweep from the fore body-plan, Plate I., of timber 

 dead-flat, fet it off upon its lower height of breadth line, 

 and it will fweep it downwards nearly as low as the fecond 

 futtock-head : in the fame manner ( proceed with all the 

 timbers to Y. 



Take off the half-breadths of each timber in the fore 

 body-plan, Plate I., from the middle line on the diagonal 

 floor-ribband, as far forward as X, and fet them up from 

 the middle line of the half-breadth plan,^'. 2, upon their re- 

 fpedtive timbers ; then, to end it at the Item, transfer the height 

 where it interfcfts the half-thicknefs of the Item in the body- 

 plan, ^_j. 3, to the fore part of the rabbet of the Item in the 

 nieer-plan,_y5i'. 1 ; from tlience fquare it down to the middle 

 line of the half-breadth plau. Jig. 2. Take the half-thicknefs 

 of the Hem in the body-plan, /f^. 3, on the diagonal, and 

 fet it up from the middle line of thelialf-brcadlh ^\a.n,fig. 2, 

 upon the line lail fquared down ; and from thence fweep an 

 arc the thicknefs of the bottom plank taken on the diago- 

 nal, the after part of which arc is the ending of the fore 

 part of the floor-ribbands. Then, by pinning a batten to 

 the feveral half-breadths, and to the back of the arc or 

 ending, tlie floor-ribband will be laid off. 



In the fame manner proceed with the ribbands or diagonals 

 4 B 2 t>, F, 



