SHIP-BUILDING. 



D, F, and H, fg, 3, as you find ticked from (^ to the ftem 

 in the half-breadth plan, Jig. 2, to their refpeftive diagonals 

 in the body-plan, fg. 3. 



Set up 1 1 feet from the bafe line in the body-plan,_^^j. 3 

 and 5, and llrike a line parallel thereto, which is the height 

 of the centre of the floor-fweep at dead-flat. Then take the 

 heights in the fhecr-plan, ^^. i, for the centre of the floor- 

 fvveeps B, from B to K, and fet them up in the body-plan, 

 fig. 3, above the centre at dead-flat, and at each height itrike 

 level lines. Then take the half-breadths in the half-breadth 

 plan, ^^. 2, of the centres of the floor-fweeps B, and fet 

 them off on their correfponding heights from the middle 

 line in the fore body-plan, fg. 3. Then, with a radius at 

 the centre in the body-plai), to its correfponding half-breadth 

 on the diagonal floor-ribband, fweep the curves of the feve- 

 ral timbers at the floor-head, from ® to K. 



Having fwept in the various curves below the lower 

 height of breadth, and at the floor-heads, pin a batten to 

 the half-breadth?, as fet off on the diagonals for dead-flat, 

 and the back of the above fweeps ; continue it with a fmall 

 curve or hollow from the fweep at the floor-head to tlie 

 rabbet of the keel, which completes that timber from the 

 lower height of breadtli to the keei. The fame procefs 

 will complete all the timbers. With regard to the heeling 

 of the timbers exaftly, fet off the half-thicknefs af the 

 keel from the middle line in the body-plan, j^. 3, on the 

 bafe line, and parallel thereto to its deptli ; then with 

 compafles, opened to the thicknefs of the bottom plank, 

 fweep two arcs, fo as to form the triangle at the outfide on 

 the upper edge, and it will be readily feen that the timbers 

 along the midfhips will end at the outfide of the rabbet ; but 

 as they approach forward, they will end on the infide of the 

 rabbet ; and as the keel tapers at the fore-end, they mufl be 

 heeled lufiiciently within the keel to admit the thicknefs of 

 the plank : then to heel the timbers that rife on the flem, 

 transfer their heights where they cut the outfide of the 

 rabbet of the Item in the flieer-pian,^^. i, to the half-thick- 

 nefs of the Item in the body-plan, _yf^. 5 ; from thence,, with 

 compaffes opened to tlie thicknefs of the bottom plank, 

 fweep an arc inwards, the back of which is the ending of 

 the timber, and a line fquared from the timber to the height 

 fet off on the outfide of the Item reprefents the rabbet in 

 that direftion. 



The fore-body being completed belov/ the lower height 

 of breadth, the upper part, or top-fide, may be laid off by 

 transferring- the upper height of breadth line F from the 

 fheer-plan,_^_f. i, at each timber from dead-flat to X, to the 

 body-plan, _^^. 3, and ftrikmg level lines acrofs at eacli 

 height. Continue upwards each timber parallel to the 

 middle line, from the lower to the upper height of breadth. 

 Then, with the radius of the upper-breadth fweep taken 

 from the body-plan, Plate I., fweep upwards every timber 

 from its refpeftive upper-breadth line, from dead-flat to O. 



Transfer the height of the top timber-line I, from the 

 flieer-plan, 7?^. i, at every timber, to the fore body-plan, 

 fg. 3, and ilrike in kvel lines at every height ; then take 

 the top-timber half-breadth from the half-breadth plan. 

 Jig. 2, at every timber, from dead-flat to X, and fet them 

 off from the middle line of the body-plan, fg. 3, upon their 

 refpeftive heights. Then, by a mould made to the hollow 

 or tumbling-home of the top-fide, and upper-breadth fweep 

 at dead-flat, and a few feet above the top-timbcr-Hne, every 

 timber from dead-flat to O may be formed on the floor by 

 lowering or raifing the mould fo as to agree witii the upper- 

 breadth fweep, and the half-breadth, as fet off on the top 

 timber-line. But the timbers before O rauil gradually par- 



take of the hollow of top-timber X, which falls outwards 

 confiderably from a perpendicular at its main-breadth, though 

 parallel to the middle line above the height of the top 

 timber-line to the top of the fide, which mult be transferred 

 from the fheer-plan, j^i'. i, to each timber refpeftively in 

 the body-plan, Plate Vll.fg. 3. Pin a batten to thofe fe- 

 veral heights, which will form the curves O and F, as in 

 fig. 3. Take fquare from the middle line in the body-plan, 

 fg. 3, the half-breadths of all the timbers at the top of the 

 fide, and fet them up on their correfponding timbers from 

 the middle line in the half-bn-adth plan, ^j. 2 ; feeing that 

 it makes a fair curve. The fore-body may now be laid to 

 be laid ofi above the main-breadth, which completes the 

 whole of the fquare fore-body, yfi,'. 3. 



The correct height of the knuckles of the timbers at the 

 beak-head requires forae attention ; for if they were carried 

 too high, the flieer of the fliip muft be lifted ; or, if kept 

 too low for the fheer, the tin.bers mull be reduced to raife 

 the knuckles : therefore determine what part of the flieer- 

 ilrakes fhall come well with tlie knuckles ; for if the knuckle 

 was to come in the middle of either ihccr-ftrake, the fore- 

 fhift of it mufl then be wrought, taking a large piece 

 of timber and much labour. In Plate VII. the upper edge 

 of the fheer-flrake is well with the knuckle. Another 

 confideration to be taken into this account is the lifting the 

 fheer forward, that it may have the fame appearance ou the 

 fhip as is defigned on the draught ; for if not lifted gra- 

 dually fome inches higher towards the ilem, the curvature of 

 the bow will make it appear to drop below a fair curve. 



To know how much t'e fheer of the fhip requires to be 

 lifted forward has fometimes been relolved in this manner. 

 Prolong the fheer of the wale before the ftem in the fheer- 

 plan,_/^. I, at pleafure ; then pin a batten to the round of the 

 bow at the main half-breadth, in the half-breadth-plan, 

 fg. 2, and mark on the batten the ilations of the fquare 

 timbers and the fi Je of the ilem ; then pin the batten to the 

 fheer of the wale in^. i, keeping the Ilations of the tim- 

 bers, as marked on the batten, well with thofe near dead- flat, 

 where they will not alter ; then mark the other timbers, and 

 the Ilem on the fheer of the wale line prolonged, and level 

 them aft, to interiedl their correfponding timbers and the 

 flem ; then a batten pinned to thofe interfeClions will give 

 the curve for lifting the flieer of the fhips round the bow. 

 But as the forms of the bows of fhips are io very different, 

 it cannot be recommended as an undeviating rule, and there- 

 fore mull be referred to pradice ; however, it is requifite to 

 make an allowance for it in the laying-off of all ihips, as the 

 decks, fheer-flrakes, and confeqnently the knuckles of the 

 timbers, all partake of this neceflary additional height. 



The fquare body afore dead-flat being now laid-off, pro- 

 ceed to lay-off the afterbody abaft dead-fiat : but it is only 

 neceflary to point out fuch differences as occur at the ex- 

 tremes of the fhip, the midfliip part being fimilar in both 

 bodies. 



On the mould- loft-floor it is cullomary to fet off as many 

 of the perpendiculars abaft the fore-body already laid oft, as 

 to have fufficient room for the llern-polt, ufing as many of 

 thofe in the fore-body as will anfwer to the regular room and 

 fpace of the timbers, which will be as far as B, which will 

 extend in the after-body as far as 14, confequently from 14 

 flrike up from the line A A all the remaining perpendiculars 

 to 36. 



Strike in the aft-fide of the ftern-polt on the floor from 

 the flieer-plan, Plate I., and the aft-fide of the rabbet ; and 

 ftrike a line parallel thereto, on the fore-fide, to the thicknefe 

 of the bottom plank. 



Transfer 



