SHIP-BUILDING. 



muft be moved to the next timbers aft, placing it after the 

 fame manner, until the timber is found to whicli it will 

 mould, as defcribed above : while the mould lies well to the 

 timber above the breadth, take its correfponding third fut- 

 tock-mould, keeping the heel of the third futtock-mould well 

 with the heel of its timber, then rafe or mark its moulding 

 edge on the fourth futtock-mould. In the fame manner place 

 it to the other timbers, marking thereon its correlpondmg 

 third futtock, at the fame time marking all the refpeftive 

 heights of the ribbands, &c. as at dead-flat. Obferve, (hould 

 the mould not fay towards the head of fome of the foremolt 

 timbers, (as the tumble-home is lefs forward abaft thin in 

 midfhips,) meafure the diftance from the mould to the line of 

 the timber on a fquare, and mark it on the mould ; this being 

 done to all the intermediate timbers, tliey may be faid to be 

 complete on that fide ; and when fo done, it will he necefl'ary 

 to have a fmall hole bored fquare through the mould at every 

 firmark, or height, upon every timber, by which means the 

 true (hape of the timbers, and places of the iirmarks, may 

 be transferred to the other fide of the mould, and likewife 

 upon the timbers when moulding. 



In the fame manner mult be formed another mould to 

 dead-flat for the timbers in the after-body, marking thereon 

 all the timbers it will take. Thofe timbers of the fquare 

 body afore or abaft the timbers already marked on the mould 

 made to dead-flat, on account of there being more compafs 

 at the heel, may be marked upon one mould to each body, 

 proceeding as before, only making the lower end of the 

 mould fufficiently broad to take the moll compafs timbers 

 thereon. But ihould the heels differ fo much as to caufc 

 the lower end of the mould to be cumberfome ; in that cafe, 

 make moulds to each timber, as defcribed above. 



The top-timber moulds may be made in the fame manner 

 as thofe for the fourth futtocks, from the top of the fide to 

 the heel I, or third futtock-head. 



Method gf taking the Bevellings of the Timbers in the Square 

 Body. 



The moulds for the timbers of the fquare body being made, 

 it is neceflary to ftiew in what manner their beveUings may 

 be taken ; for, until then, the timbers which have bevellings 

 cannot be cut out. 



Provide a bevelling-board for the floors, in breadth as mucli 

 as the floors are fided ; and, in length, fuf&cient to take all 

 the floor-bevellings thereon, as PlateVW.Jig. 8. The tirit 

 bevelling to be taken is from the cutting^own line for trim- 

 ming the throat of the floors ; but from dead-flat to floor E, 

 they will be found to be fquare, or as far forward and aft as 

 the cutting-down is parallel with the keel. They will be 

 all reprefented by a fquare line on the board. Then, for the 

 throating of floor F, apply the ftock of the bevel to the 

 perpendicular, or joint below the cutting-down line, and the 

 tongue well with the cutting-down hne M, as at N , Plate VII. 

 Jig. I , and that will give the bevelling for the throat of floor F. 

 Proceed in the fame manner with every floor, till all thofe 

 bevellings be taken and marked on the board, as a, Jig. 8, 

 diltinguilhing them by writing their refpeftive names, as 4^ 

 to E, F, G, H, &c. to O. Thefe wiU be all Handing bevel- 

 lings, both in the fore and after-bodies. In the next place, 

 the bevellings for the outfides of the floors muft be taken, 

 which arc always under-bevellings in both bodies, in confe- 

 quence of the floors being always placed on that fide of the 

 joint from which the body declines ; thefe bevellings are taken 

 at the lower diagonal byjig. 8, the fecond diagonal, or floor- 

 ribband, c. Jig. 8, and floor-head d. Jig. 8. To take thefe 

 bevellings, fet off the fiding of each floor from its joint, or 

 perpendicular, on each diagonal in the half-breadth plan, 



PlateVll. Jig. 2, (obferving, as before, that the floors in 

 the fore-body are before the joint, and thofe in the after- 

 body abaft it,) the diagonal formed by the heads of the 

 timbers being laid off in the half-breadth plan, as far as the 

 fquare bodies, for that purpofe, as at M, Jig. 2 ; then take 

 the diftance of each diagonal on the fiding line fquare from 

 the middle line of the half-breadth plan, and fet them down 

 on their correfponding diagonals from the middle line in the 

 body-plan, making fpots in Plate VW. Jig. 3. Then fix 

 one leg of a pair of compaffes on thofe fpots of the lower 

 diagonal, beginning with the firft floor before dead-flat 

 that has any beveUing, which is A, and, with the otlier leg, 

 fweep the neareft diftance to the hne of its correfponding 

 timber. That will determine when it is within a fquare in 

 the breadth of the bevelling-board ; and fo proceed with 

 every floor alternately to O, as at b,Jig. 8 ; thus the bevel- 

 lings may be taken for every floor at each diagonal, and be 

 thence marked on the board, as Plate VW.Jig. 8. 



In the next place provide bevelling-boards, one for each 

 futtock, and one for the top-timbers, obferving that the 

 breadth of each board correfponds with the fiding of its 

 refpeftive futtock and top-timber ; then, to take the be- 

 vellings for each, we muft aft as before explained for the 

 floors ; only obferving which futtocks are ftanding bevel- 

 lings, and which are under : for futtocks that have ftanding 

 bevcUings, the fiding of the timber muft be fet off upon eacli 

 diagonal, abaft the joint of its refpeftive timber in the fore- 

 body half-breadth plan, and before the joint in the after, 

 body, and fo contrarywife for thofe which are under-be- 

 vellings. 



Therefore obferve, that floors have under-bevellingv, lower 

 or firft futtocks ftanding bevelhngs, fecond futtocks under, 

 third futtocks ftanding, fourth futtocks under, and top- 

 timbers ftanding bevelling?. The bevellings of each may 

 now be taken at every diagonal for every timber, and marked 

 on their refpeftive boards, the fore -body on one fide, and the 

 after-body on the other. 



The bevellings to be taken for each futtock and top- 

 timber are as follow : for the loiuer or Jirjl futtocks, lower 

 diagonal a, fecond diagonal or floor-ribband b, third dia- 

 gonal or firft futtock-ribband c, and firft futtock-head d, 

 Plate VII. Jig. 7. Y ox fecond futtocks, floor-head, which is 

 fecond futtock-heel, third diagonal or firft futtock-ribband, 

 firft futtock-head, fourth diagonal or fecond futtock-rib- 

 band, and fecond futtock-head. For the third futtocks, firft 

 futtock-head, which is the third futtock-heel, fourth dia- 

 gonal or fecond futtock-ribband, fecond futtock-head, fifth 

 diagonal or third futtock-ribband, and third futtock-head. 

 For ihe fourth futtocks, fecond futtock-head, which is fourth 

 futtock-heel, fifth diagonal or third futtock-ribband, third 

 futtock-head, main-breadth, port-fill-line, top-timber-line, 

 and top-fide. For the top-timbers, third futtock-head, which 

 is the top-timber-heel, main-breadth, port-fill-line, top- 

 timber-line, and top-fide. The bevellings for the main- 

 breadth, and all above, may be taken from the half-breadth 

 plan, by fixing the flock of the bevel to the joint of the 

 timber, and moving the tongue to the refpeftive half- 

 breadth lines. 



It is neceflary, in the praftical application of the moulds, 

 to have the fize of the timbers the moulding-way ; this muft 

 be either fet off on the bevelliflg-boards, or on the moulds. 

 As the latter may be reckoned the beft way, firft fet off the 

 fcantling of the timbers the moulding-way at every head, 

 &c. at dead-flat ; thus, at the top of the fides, 6 inches, 

 Plate VW.^g. 3 ; at the upper deck ports, N, 10^ inches ; at 

 the gun-deck ports, M, 11^ inches; at the third futtock-heads, 

 I, iii ; at the fecond futtock-heads, G, iz-^ inches ; at the 

 7 firft 



