SHIP-BUILDING. 



it fiiltock-lieaJs, E, 13 inches ; and at the floor-heads, C, 

 ; 3y. Then pinninjT a batten to all thofe fpots, making it 

 fair to the cutting-down of dead-flat at the middle line, will 

 give the fcantling-line, or inner edge of timber dead-flat ; then 

 take the fi/.e or moulding at the head or heel of every tim- 

 ber, and fet off on their refpeftive moulds. 



Tlien to mould thejloors, the mould is laid on the timber, 

 and the moulding:; edge of the intended floor is brought to- 

 wards the outiide of the piece ; then fee if there is cutting- 

 down in the piece fufficient for bevelling, and fubftancc below 

 jt for feating, which (hould be no lefs than fixteen inches, 

 increafing forward and aft, as the itrength may require. 

 When that is done, if there remains fufficient wood to mould 

 the floor agreeably to its line on the mould, which is readily 

 feen by marking fpots on the piece correfponding with the 

 lines on the battens, and thence obferving whether there is 

 wood fufficient to mould the inlide agreeably to the fcant- 

 lings marked on the mould. The above-mentioned fpots 

 may be made confpicuoiis on the piece, and the cutting-down 

 alfo marked from the mould ; tlien its correfponding firft 

 futtockmould will finifh its moulding edge, or a pliable 

 batten may be pinned to the fpots, and the moulding edge 

 formed as low as the piece will admit (fo that it is not 

 within the given fubftance below the cutting-down), the 

 batten being fair rafed by its edge ; then rafe up the fir- 

 marks for the diagonals to apply the bevellings. Set off on 

 a fquare from the outfide the given fcantlings, and pin the 

 batten thereto, as alfo to the cutting-down, and rafe by the 

 edge ; the rnfide of the floor will then be completed, and 

 the deficiency, if any, below the leating is made good by 

 ckocks. 



To mould all the futtocks except the fourth, the mould 

 need only be laid ofl to the outer edge of the piece ; and if 

 the piece comes near enough to the mould to allow for 

 the fcantlings and bevellings outfide and infide, rafe by 

 the edge of the mould likewife tlie firmarks, head, and heel ; 

 llien from the moulding edge let ofl the fcantlings fquare 

 from their rcfpeftive places, and try if the edge of the 

 mould will not form the infide by moving up or down ; if 

 not, it mull be finilhed by a pliable batten, as before di- 

 refted. Obfervc, fliould any of the timbers be a few inches 

 (hort in the length, let them be made good by the next 

 timber upon it, as through chocks are not to be ad- 

 mitted. 



The fourth fultock-moulds are laid upon the piece, and 

 (hould be in an horizontal pofition (as indeed all moulds 

 fliould to try the bevellings) ; tlien fee that the piece forms 

 agreeably to the lino on the mould of the timber intended to 

 be moulded, by making a hole with a gimblet thri)ugh the 

 holes at the various firmarks belonging to the main-breadth ; 

 obferving, at the fame time, that the piece is Itridtly con- 

 formable to the head of the mould above. When both are 

 found to agree, and there i^ wood in the piece fufficient for 

 the bevellings, rale by the fide of the mould infide and out as 

 low as the main-breadth : below that it may be completed by 

 the upper part of the correfponding third futtock-mould, 

 keeping it well to the holes made by the gimblet at the heel 

 and third futtock-ribband, which firmarks mull be alio rafed 

 upon the piece, likewife the heights of breadth, port- fill lines, 

 top-timber line, and top-fide. The infide towards the heel 

 is finiflied by the fcantlings given, and a batten as before 

 defcribed. But when fourth futtock-moulds have fpi- 

 lings at their licads, owing to the difference in the tumbling- 

 ii )me of the fide, then, as the mould lies upon the piece, 

 and the heel is found to anfwer, it mull be feen that the 

 upper part of the piece anfwers to the fpiling marked upon 

 •he mould ; then, towards the liecl may be finifhcd as be- 



fore ; but the upper part above the upper-breadth fweep 

 mull be completed by a mould made to the top-timber 

 hollow. The top-timber line marked thereon mud be placed 

 to that given by the fourth futtock-mould, with its edge 

 there fixed to the fpiling, and its heel to the back of the 

 upper-breadth fweep ; its edge may be then rafed by, and 

 the fourth futtock will be formed up to the head or top of 

 the fide from the moulding-edge ; then fet off the fcantling 

 at the different firmarks, and the top-timber hollow placed 

 to thofe fpots will form the inner edge of the faid fourth 

 futtock, and fo will the timber be completed. 



Toplimbin are moulded fo much like the fourth futtocksi 

 as to render a further dcfcription unneceffary. 



The moulds for the fquare body being finiflied, proceed 

 to make moulds for the Hem, llern-poft, &c. The mould far 

 theflem is made to the lines reprefenting the fore and after 

 fides, or moulded breadth, from the head to the heel ; but 

 in pieces, according to the number the ftcm is to be com- 

 pofed of. The rabbet is defcribed on the mould, or reprc- 

 fented by the batten that forms the aft-fide being made pa- 

 rallel to the thicknefs of the bottom plank ; but if the rab- 

 bet comes in the middle, a batten of this dcfcription mull 

 be nailed on the mould, agreeably to the rabbet in /"/<;/(■ VII. 

 Upon this mould mull be marked the heights of all the 

 decks, likewife of the harpins and cheeks, by an horizontal 

 line at each height acrofs tlie mould. Some mark every two 

 feet above the upper edge of the rabbet of the keel upon 

 this mould. There Ihould be a perpendicular line, or, in 

 other words, a fquai-e line to fet the llem by, which may be 

 the perpendicular of the gun-deck. 



The_/?frn-^o^ mould is made to the lines reprefenting the 

 fore and after fides of the flern-poll, from the head to the 

 heel, and a batten to the rabbet ; then, acrofs the mould 

 may be marked the height of the upper fide of the wing, 

 filling, and deck-tranfoms at the middle line, alfo the 

 heights of the harpins. Another mould is alfo made for 

 the bearding-liiie on the poll, the aft-fide of which mull be 

 fayed to the bearding-line from the upper fide of the wing- 

 tranfom down to where the bearding-line interfefts the fore- 

 fide of the inner poll, and llie fore-fide of the mould to the 

 fore-fide of the inner poll ; then upon the mould mull be 

 marked the llations of the upper lides of all tlie tranfiims, 

 markini.r their relpedlive names thereon. By many, the ufe 

 of this mould is fuperfeded by marking the whole of the 

 heights, iScc. upon the Hern-poll mould. 



Another mould may be made to the thwartfliip bearding 

 of the flernpoll, thnii : fquare down the interfeftion of each 

 water-line, with the fore fide of the inner poll in tlie flieer- 

 plan, to its rorrefpoiuling water-line in the h.dl-breadth plan ; 

 then take the feveral half-breadths from the middle line in 

 the lialf-hreadth plan, and let them ofl' from a llraight line at 

 their correfponding heights in the Iheer-plan ; and a curve 

 made to pals through thofe fpots will be the thwartlhip 

 bearding of the poll, at the fore-fide of the inner poll, 

 from the middle line, to which the mould is to be made ; 

 the fame may be done, and a mould made to the fore-fide of 

 the Hern-poll. 



A mould Ihould be made to the diutdwood abaft, whicli is 

 limited on the upper part by tlie cutting-down line, on the 

 lower part by the upper edge of the keel, the after end by 

 the fore-fide of the inner poll, and tlie forcmolt end by the 

 aft-fide of the after-floor. The monhl lor the dead-wood inee 

 is reprefented on it ; and fo hkewile are the feveral pieces 

 that compofe the whole, as they can he gotten lo as to give 

 Ihift to each other. Upon this mould are fallened battens, 

 with one edge llraight to the middle line : they corrclpond 

 with the llations of the fqu.ue timbers ; and the other edge 



is 



