SHIP-BUILDING. 



breadths, the port-fill line, the top timber-Une, and top of 

 the fide, and fet them in up the body -plan, Jig. 3, ilriking 

 lines thereto parallel to the bafe hne ; then take the diftance 

 from the middle line in the half -breadth plan, Jig. 4, in the 

 direction of the cant-timbers, to the line for the half-breadth 

 of the dead-wood at each timber, and fet them off from the 

 middle line in the body-plan, _/?_f. 3, on the heights iet up for 

 the bearding. This will give the ending of the cant-timbers 

 on the bearding-line. 



Take the diltance from the middle line in the half-breadth 

 plan, Jg. 4, in the direftion of the cant-timbers, to the main 

 half-breadth, port-fill half-breadth, top-breadth, and top- 

 fide, and fet them off in the body-plan, _yff. 3, fquare from 

 the middle line, on their correfponding heights. This will 

 give the fpots through which the curves of the timbers are 

 to pafs by pinning a batten, and likewife the proper heights 

 of the harpins on the timbers. 



To Lay off" the BeveUlngs oj the Cant-Timbers. 

 Let the bevelling of cant-timber u be required, and this 

 will fuffice for all, as the procefs is alike. Strike a line 

 afore and hkewife abaft the joint of cant u, in the half- 

 breadth plan, Jg. 4, to the fcantling of the timber, which 

 fhould be the breadth of the bevelling-board. Square a 

 line from the interfeftion of the joint with the middle hne, 

 to crofs the edges or fiding of the timber u in the half- 

 breadth plan, as at L„Jg. 4 ; then take the nearefl diftance 

 or fquare to the middle line, from where the ticked line 

 afore a erodes the fquare ribbands A, B, C, &c. and fet it 

 off fquare from the middle line in the body-plan, Jg. 3, on 

 each correfponding ribband, in the fame manner as was done 

 for the joint of the timber, and level them out on each fide 

 of the diagonal ribbands, becaufe the diftance taken off^ in 

 the direftion of the beveUing edge in Jg. 4, will fometimes 

 be without and fometimes within the diagonal. Then take 

 the diftance from the fquare line, which crofTes the middle 

 line at the joint injg 4, to the fquare ribbands A, B, C, &c. 

 in the direftion of the ticked line, before the joint or fore 

 edge of u, and fet them off fquare from the middle line in 

 the body-plan, Jg. 3, on their correfponding fpots before 

 levelled out. Where the fame ticked line, in^^. 4, inter- 

 fefts the half-breadth of the dead-wood, fquare it up to the 

 bearding-line in the (heer-plan, and transfer that height to 

 the body-plan, Jg. 3. Then take the diltance in Jg. 4. 

 from the fquared hne, as before, to the hne for the half- 

 breadth of the dead-wood, in the direftion of the ticked 

 line ; and fet it off fquare from the middle line in the body- 

 plan, Jg. 3, on the height of the bearding-hne, which gives 

 a fpot to tinifh the lower end. Where the fame ticked line, 

 in Jg. 4, interfcfts the main half-breadth line, fquare it up 

 to the lower height of breadth line in the fiieer-plan, and 

 transfer that height to the body -plan, Jg. 3. Then take 

 the diftance in_/ff. 4, from tlie fquare line, as before, to the 

 main half-breadth, in the direftion of the ticked line, and 

 Jet it off fquare from the middle line in the body-plan, _^_f. 3, 

 on the height laft fet up. Then, by pinning a batten 

 through thofe fpots, the fore edge is produced in the body- 

 plan from the heel to the lower height of breadth. 



Proceed exaftly the fame with the edge abaft the joint of 

 u, and the two edges will be run in the body-i)lan, _/ff. 3, 

 as the ticked lines there reprefent, the nearcft diftance of 

 which, taken with compaffes, to the joint at every ribband, 

 (hews how much bevulhng the timber requires at each place 

 in the breadth of tlie bevelling-board; that is, if the ticked 

 Hne, which is the bevelling edge of the timber, come williin 

 the joint of the timber (or nearer the middle line), then the 

 bevelling of the timber would be fo much within (or under 



Vox.. XXXII. 



from) a fquare, confequently the ticked line without the 

 joint will be fo much without (or ftanding from) a fquare. 



Figs. 5 and 6, exhibit the form of the fafhion-piece and 

 cant-timbers of the afterbody, which being laid off and 

 bevelled in the fame manner as cant-timber u in the fore- 

 body, it is ulelefs to explain them ; neverthelefs, cant-tim- 

 ber 35 is completely laid off, that it may be referred to at 

 leifure. It may be neceffary to add, that the greateft pains 

 are required to prove the correftnefs of the after-body, not 

 only by the water-lines, but by the vertical feftions or but- 

 tock-lines, and by introducing one or more fquare timbers 

 abaft 36, to prove the buttock quite aft, and hence called 

 proof-timbers. When thefe arc all found to agree, it will 

 not only produce a fair cant-body, but likewife a fair ftem- 

 frame. See Plate IX. Laying-ojf C. 



Obferve, the diagonal H, Jg. 5, or third futtock- 

 ribband, ends upon the aft-fide of the wing-tranfom, which 

 requires the following method to end it Transfer the 

 height from the line A A, or upper edge of the keel, 

 where the diagonal H interfefts the margin-hne of the 

 tranfom in tlie body-plan, ^^. 5, to crofs the margin-line in 

 the fheer-plan ; and where it croffes, fquare it down to the 

 margin-line in the half- breadth-plan, ^^. 6; then take the 

 diftance from the middle line in the body-plan,_/%^. 5, in the 

 direftion of the diagonal H, to where it interfefts the 

 margin-line of the wing-tranfom, and (et it off from the 

 middle line in the half-breadth-plan, Jg. 6, on the hne 

 fquared down from tlie margin-line, which ends the diagonal 

 H, or third futtock-ribband. To end it as a fquare rib- 

 band, take the nearelt diftance, or fquare, from the middle 

 line in the body-plan, jff. j, to where the diagonal H inter- 

 fefts the margin-line, and fet it off fquare from the middle 

 line, Jg. 6, to interfeft the margin-line there ; and if truly 

 fquared down for ending the cant-ribband, the ending of 

 the fquare ribband will alfo interfeft the margin-line at the 

 fame place injg. 6. 



Moulds are generally made to each timber, or futtock, va 

 the cant-bodie:i ; and in croffing or marking them, it muft 

 be obferved, that the ftations of the heads and ribbands are 

 where the lines levelled out interfeft the lines of the cant- 

 timbers. On the heels of the double futtock and half- 

 timber moulds, nail on a batten to the ftepping and fide of 

 the dead-wood, by which the heel is to be cut off. To 

 perform this, fet off on the half-breadth plan, Jg. 6, the 

 thicknefs of the ftepping, or dead-wood, above the ftepping. 

 line, which may be the half-thicknefs of the keelfon, from 

 and parallel to the middle line, as there ticked ; then from 

 the middle line in the half-breadth plan, Jg. 6, take the 

 diltance in the direftion of the cant-line to the ticked line, 

 and fet it off in the middle line in the body-plan upon the 

 hne levelled out for the heel of the fame cant-timber ; and 

 from that fpot fquare up a line to the upper fide of the 

 cutting-down, which will give the height of the infidc of 

 the timber, and will reprefent the fide of the dead-wood to 

 which the batten is to be nailed. A lirmark, crofied on this 

 batten at any certain height above the keel, and carefully 

 croffed on the fide of the timber, when trimmed to corre- 

 fpond to a line gotten upon the dead-wood at that fame 

 height above the keel, will be the furoft and beft method 

 of Iceeping the cant-timbers to their exadt height on the 

 ftiip. 



Bevellings. — To take the bcvellings, provide a board as 

 broad as the fcantling of the timber, and long enough to 

 lake all the bevellings of the fore-fide of the joint, and like- 

 wife abaft it, as Plate V \\. Jg. 9. Begin with the fore- 

 fide of cant-timber u, Jg. 4 : the heel-bevelling is the firit 

 to be taken, which gives the direftion to trim the heel of 

 4C the 



