SHIP-BUILDING. 



the futtock the fore and aft-way, or faying to the dead- 

 wood ; therefore, the outfide of the dead-wood being parallel 

 to the middle line, apply the ftock of a bevel in the direc- 

 tion of the joint of cant-timber u in the half-breadth 

 plan, and place the tongue well with the middle line, or 

 at the half-thicknefs of the dead-wood, as at F, Jig. 4, 

 letting the tongue teach forward, which will be an under- 

 bevelling, and may be thence marked on the board. The 

 bevelling of the heel, to trim it to the ftcpping or bearding- 

 line, is next taken. Thus, where the joint of cant-timber u 

 interfefts the half-thicknefs of the dead-wood, in Jig. 4, 

 fquare it up to crofs the bearding-Hne in the fheer-plaii ; 

 and, at that place, let the tongue of the bevel be placed to 

 the bearding-hne, teaching forward, and move the ilock 

 till it is perpendicular, as at O in the fheer-plan, which 

 will give the above bevelling, which may be the next marked 

 on the board. 



The outfide bevelling of the heel is bed obtained by 

 trimming the heel parallel to the iniide, where it fays to the 

 fide of the dead-wood, to the thicknefs of the ftepping. 

 Then, to take the bevelhng at the lower diagonal, fix one 

 leg of a pair of compaflts in the line of the cant-timber a, 

 in the body-plan, ^_f. 3, where the level line interfefts, and 

 extend the other leg to the ticked line, reprefenting the fore 

 edge of the timber u, fvveeping it till you get the neareft 

 diltance, and that will fhew how much the bevelhng is 

 within or without a fquare in the breadth of the bevelling- 

 board ; if the former, the ticked line muft be towards the 

 middle line of the joint, and of courfe the latter without it ; 

 then do the fame with the diagonal lines, and the bevcUings 

 of each, fo taken, may be marked on the board. 



To take the bevellings at the main and top-breadths, and 

 at the port-fill line between them, apply the ftock of the 

 bevel to the joint of the cant-timber u, in the half-breadth 

 ■phn. Jig. 4, as at G, and place the tongue in the direction 

 of the refpeftive half-breadth lines, as at top-breadth, ob- 

 ferving to let the tongue teach forward : thefe bevellings 

 are fet off on the board, as taken, and the whole kept at 

 a regular dift.ance of about three-quarters of an inch on the 

 left-hand fide of the board ; and, to complete them, mark 

 their refpeftive names and fore-fide of cant u, as a,^g. 9. 



The bevellings may now be taken for the aft-fide of 

 cant u ; but the operation is performed like the former, only 

 obferving that the fquare line at the heel comes withinfide 

 of the middle line of the half-breadth plan, and likewife 

 when the bevel is applied to take the bevellings at main- 

 breadth and above, the tongue of it muft teach aft ; 

 thefe bevellings may then be marked on the fame fide of the 

 board below the others, and the board for cant-timber u 

 will be complete, as b, Plate VII. J!g. 9. 



In hke manner may the bevellings be taken for cant- 

 timber 35 at the aft-fide, and marked on another board, 

 z&a,Jig. 10; likewife for the fore-fide, as b, fg. 10; and 

 fo on for all the other cant-timbers, both on the fore and 

 after cant-bodies, and alfo for the faftiion-pieces, and marked 

 ■on their refpeftive beards. 



Making the Moulds, and tahing the Bcudlings ij the Harpins, 

 Plate VII. Laying-oJJ, Plate A. 



The ribbands to which, the harpins are connefted reach 

 -along the ftiip fore and aft ; but in the wake of the cant- 

 bodies, or at the fore and aft parts of the (hip, they are 

 termed harpins, and are trimmed to the fiiape of the Ihip's 

 body by moulds and bevelfings from the mould-loft. The 

 reader, in the foregoing feftion, being made acquainted 

 with the nature of canting the ribbands, it may only be 

 necellary to obferve, that the ribbands at the port-fill line 



J 



would be placed better about eight mches below the upper 

 fide of the lower fill, fo that they may be let out above the 

 ribband ; and likewife tiie ribband at the top timber-line 

 ftould be fo placed, that one of the (heer-ftrakes ftiould be 

 wrought before it is dillurbed. This is commonly a larger 

 ribband, hke that at the floor-head, to keep the top-fide 

 fair. 



The harpin-moulds are made of fir-board, to the dia- 

 gonal or cant-ribband lines in the cant-bodies,^/. 4 and fi ; 

 from the fteni or ftern-poft, to the adjoining Iquare timber, 

 as O and 28, to be about feven inches broad ; and as they 

 he in their places on the floor, mark the ftations of the 

 cant-timbers upon them thus. Where the cant-timbers 

 interfeft the fquare ribbands, fquare them np to their cor- 

 refponding cant-ribbands ; then ftriking a ilraight hne from 

 the interfeftion of each cant-timber, at the middle line of 

 the half-breadth plan, to the correfponding ftations laft 

 fquaied up, will give the direftion of the cant-timbers as 

 they ftand with the harpin-mould, as at cant-timber s,Jig. 4. 

 The method of taking the bevellings is at every fquare 

 timber, which muft be likewife marked on the harpin-mould 

 before it is difplaced. The ftations of the fquare timbers 

 make no alterations, becaufe the harpin is lowered to its 

 cant in a perpendicular direftion. Fix the ftock of a bevel 

 in the diredlion of the diagonal, lay the upper one, or third 

 futtock-ribband H, in the body-plan, _/?^. 3, and the tongue 

 againft the outfide of the fquare timber O ; then mark it 

 on a board (the board to be as broad as the harpin is deep 

 or fidcd), and fo on with the other fquare timbers before 

 O, marking each of them, and its refpeftive timber, as 

 before ; then fix the itock of the bevel upon the fame 

 harpin-line in the body-plan. Jig. 3, and the tongue againft 

 the fide of the ftcm, and mark that likewife upon the board ; 

 and by that bevelling the foremoft end of the harpin muft 

 be trimmed, to fay againft the ftem. The fore and aft 

 part of the harpin againft the ftem is obtained by the foot, 

 or fwell on the fore -end of the harpin-mould, which is cut 

 off well with the half-thicknefs of the ftem, taken dia- 

 gonally, and parallel to the middle line, in the half-breadth 

 plan. Jig. 4. Another bevelhng is taken and applied over 

 the end, after it is cut off to the fore and aft-line, and be- 

 velled againft the ftem, thus ; fix the ftock of a bevel upon 

 the horizo!ital line of the harpin upon the item, and teach 

 the tongue down the aft-fide of the rabbet ; then mark it 

 on the board, and the bevellings are completed. To com- 

 plete the harpin-mould, fquare down from the (lieer-plan, 

 where the fore-fide of the rabbet of the ftem crofles the 

 upper fide of the harpin, to the mould on the half-breadth 

 plan, and make a firmark, which being kept to the fore- 

 fide of the rabbet of the ftem on the (hip, is the guide to 

 fix the harpin to. 



To Lay-off the Hatufe- Pieces, Plate VIII. Laying-ojff Y, . 



This plate reprefents the lines on the floor, as before 

 obfers'ed, but made feparate here for clearnels. The hawfe- 

 pieces, in_^j. 1 and 2, are fuppofed to ftand perpendicular 

 when in their places, and their fides to look fore and aft. 

 They may be called fquare timbers, only they look fore 

 and aft, inftead of athwartlhips. This being the firft 

 method of laying-off the hawfe-pieces, will be eafieft under- 

 ftood. 



Strike in ftraight lines as much afunder, and parallel to 

 the middle line in the half-breadth plan. Jig. 3, as the 

 knight-head and hawfe-pieces are to be fided, marking them 

 K, H, I, 2, 3, and 4. 



Where the edges of the foremoft cant-timbers, marked 

 E F in the half-breadth plan, Jig. 3, crofs the water-lines, 



main- 



