SHIP-BUILDING. 



main-breadth, and level line, at their heads A, fquare them 

 up parallel to any of the fquare timbers, to their correfpond- 

 ing lines in the flver-plan, Jig. I, and likewife do the fame 

 with the bearding-line, which will give the ending of the 

 timbers on the bearding-line ; then, by pinning a batten to 

 all thofe fpots, this (liews the thwartfhip view of thofe cant- 

 timbers when in their places, as F G. 



Where the lines for the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, 

 in the half-breadth plan,^^. 3, crofs the water-lines, main- 

 breadth, and heads, let them be likewife fquared up to 

 their correfponding lines in the fheer-plan,_/?j. i ; a batten 

 pinned to thofe ipots, making a fair line, and the edge 

 rafed or chalked by, gives the form of the knight-head 

 and hawle-pieces, and (hews them in their proper places ; 

 and where the lints for the knight-head, and i, 2, and 3 

 hawfe-pieces, meet tlie fore-fide of the fhort cant-timber, 

 before cant J', in the hall-breadth plan ^t Jig. 3, let them 

 be fquared up to the fore -edge, G, of the fame timber, 

 in the (heer-plan, Jg. i ; likewife the heel of hawfe- 

 piece 4 crofling the tore-edge of cant y, which gives the 

 heeling of the knight -head and hawfe-pieces. 



The raidfhip fide of the knight-head connefting well 

 with the fide of the ftem, the rabbet being in the middle of 

 it, makes the aft-fide of the rabbet the fore-fide of the 

 knight-head. But when the rabbet is not in the middle of 

 the (lem, it connefts well with the fide of the apron and 

 dead-wood, confequently the bearding-line reprcfents the 

 fore-fide. 



Before the moulds for the knight-head and hawfe-pieces 

 can be crofied, if made, the hanging of the harpins mull be 

 defcribed in the flieer-plan,_^^. i. Thus, take their heights 

 perpendicularly from the bale line, where they interfeft the 

 iquare timbers, and at the fide of the Hem, in the body-plan. 

 Jig. 2, and transfer them refpeftively to the fheer-plan. 

 Jig. 1 ; then, by pinning a batten to thofe heights, we have 

 the lines A, B, C, D, and E, or hanging of the harpins 

 in the fheer-plan, _yfj. i. 



The heels of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, where 

 they interfedl the cant-timber in the (heer-plan,_^_j. i, are 

 lined up perpendicular, in which direftion they mull be 

 cut off, to fay againil the fide of the cant-timbers F and G. 



The moulds may now be made of inch-board to the lines 

 marked K, or knight-head, and I, 2, 3, and 4 hawfe-pieces 

 in the (heer-plan,^^'. i, from the heads to the heels, and the 

 moulds at the heels to be cut off in the dn-eftion of the 

 perpendicular line thereat, and while in their places mark 

 a firmark on the moulds, wherever the harpins mterleft the 

 moulding edge of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, alfo 

 the m;iin-breadth and heail, and as many between as it 

 may be thought neceifary to apply bevelhng?, as may be 

 leen at the hawfe-piece 4. The lirmarks at the harpins 

 alfo Ihew the height to keep the iiarpins to on the fliip. 



The bevelliiigs may be next taken, and marked on a board, 

 whicii fhould be as broad as the fidiiig of the hawfe-piece, 

 having aboard to the knight-head, and each hawle-picce, or 

 all on one board, it not thought unhandy, as Jg. 4. The 

 firit bevelling taken from tlie kniglit-liead or hawle-pieces to 

 the fide of the cant-timber in the half breadth plan, fig. 3, 

 as G for the knight-head, and H for the hawfe-piece 4, is 

 the under bevelling. To cut off the heels to fay againd the 

 cant-timber athwartfhips, the bevel fhould be applied fquare 

 from the heel, as cut off, to the perpendicular lines at the 

 heels ill the fheer-plan, fig. I. But to get the bevelling at 

 the heel to conuter-mouM them, when the heel is cut off and 

 trimmed to the above bcvelbng, the foremolt edge of cant ji 

 mull be l.tid ofl" on tiie fquare, as i, and on the cant, as h, 

 ii thi; body-plan, fig. 2, a3 the joint of any of the cant- 



timbers were in Plate VII.; and fo muft likewife the forf 

 edge of the eant-fiUing before y, the latter being introduced 

 only to (horten the heel of the knight-head and foremoft 

 hawfe-pieces. Then flrikc in the body-plan, ^/ff. 2, the 

 fiding of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces parallel to the 

 middle line; and where the moulding edge at the heel inter- 

 fefts the fquare edge, or fore and aft view of the cant- 

 timber, as i in the body-plan, ^^. 2, level it out to interfeft 

 the cant edge h. To do this with lefs trouble, take the height 

 in the fheer-plan, _^^. i, of the heels of the knight-head and 

 hawfe-pieces at their interfeftion of the thwartfhip view of 

 the fore edge of the cant-timbers, as F and G, and fet them 

 up in the body-plan, on their refpeftive cant edges, marking 

 them up perpendicular ; then place the flock of the levd 

 againil the perpendicular lines, and the tongtie to the cant 

 edge of the timber, as G for the knight-head, and F for 

 hawfe-piece 4, which will give the exaft bevelling to be 

 applied on the heel when cut off for the counter-moulding of 

 the knight-head or hawfe-pieces. 



The fide of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces being pa- 

 rallel to each other, they will ferve, in the fheer-plan, ^^. i, 

 for the bevellings of each other, fimihr to parallel lines laid 

 down for the cant-timbers ; for, as much as the moulding 

 edge of the hawfe-piece, i, is within or abaft the moulding 

 edge of the knight-head, from the head to the heel, fo much is 

 the bevelling of the knight-head within or under from a 

 fquare, in the diflance between the knight-head and the 

 hawfe-piece, i, in the half-breadth plan, jff. 3 ; therefore 

 with compaffes fweep the nearefl diflance at each harpin, 

 &c. from the moulding edge to the after edge of the knight- 

 head and each hawfe-piece, as may be feen at hawfe-piece 4, 

 in the fheer-plan, _/?f. i, and fet it within a fquare upon the 

 board, as at e. Jig. 4 ; and fo on for the others. 



The bevellings of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, if 

 taken from the water-lines, main-breadth, &.c. in the half- 

 breadth plan, ji^. 3, would be found to alter but little ; yet 

 they are not to true in their application as when taken on a 

 fquare. 



But was the counter-moulding bevelling at the heel cor- 

 redlly fet off, and another at the head for the knight-head, 

 then the mould tor hawfe-piece i, being kept well at the head 

 and heel, and to its proper height, mull confequently counter, 

 mould the knight-head exaftly, if the knight-head could be 

 gotten long enough to reach to the heel, or if the chock 

 was fayed before it was moulded, and the knight-head pro- 

 perly tided. 



In the fame manner, the mould that is made to the mould- 

 ing edge of the hawfe-piece 2, would counter-mould the 

 hawfe-piece i, and fo on of the rett. 



There is no neccfhty to run the water-lines in the half, 

 breadth plan,_/(f. 3, on purpofe to lay off the hawfe-pieces, 

 becaufe there is a fufHcient number of fquare harpins already 

 run ; for in the half-breadth plan,^. 3, where the knight-- 

 liend and hawfe-pieces crols the fquare harpini, let them be 

 fquared up to their correfponding harpins in the fheer-plan. 

 Jig. I, which will give the exadt form of the knight-hcad 

 and hawfe-pieces ; and, if tiie work is correft, will agree 

 with the former by the water-lines. 



To Lay (JJlhe Hatufc-Pieces., 'where the Sides are required to loot 

 j'ore andajl, and likewife to be Jided lefs at the Heels. 



Every timber in the (hip which is fided flraight, mufl 

 appear, either in plan or elevation, as one ftraight line ; 

 tliereforc it is necefiary, before any operation can be per- 

 formed, to have a clear idea of the difpofition of the timber 

 when in its place. The luwfc-pieces are intended to look 

 fore and af;, that is, at any particular height the fides of 

 4 C 2 them 



