SHIP.BUILDING. 



them up perpendicular ; which gives the difpofition of 

 the heels of the hawfe-pieces to fay againlt the fore-fide of 

 each cant-timber. 



The bevelling of the heelsof the hawfe-pieces muft likewife 

 be done the fame as \'ajig- 3 ; for though in the half-breadth 

 plan, Jig. 7, the form of the moulding edges of the hawfe- 

 pieces appear in tliis view, yet the fides of them, at level 

 heights, are cxaftly fore and aft ; therefore the bevellings to 

 trim the heels to fay againft the fide of the cant-timber, is 

 the fame for all the hawfe-pieces, and muft be taken with the 

 ftock of the bevel looking fore and aft, or parallel to the 

 middle line, as is exprefled by the bevel G, which is applied 

 in the half-breadth plan, Jig. 7, to take the bevelling of 

 No. 4 hawfe-piece. 



To take the bevelling of the heel, to be applied when the 

 heel is trimmed by the lall bevelhng, m order to counter- 

 mould the hawfe-pieces, transfer the heels of the hawfe- 

 pieces from the (heer-plan. Jig. 5, to the cant-timber in the 

 body-plan, ^f. 6, as for taking the bevelling of the hawfe- 

 piece 4, and ftrike up a perpendicular line, to which apply 

 the ftock of the bevel, and the tongue to the fore cant-edge, 

 as at c,ftg. 6. This gives the bevelling of the Tieel, in order 

 to counter-mould the hawfe-pieces. 



As the moft accurate method of moulding the hawfe- 

 pieces has been treated of, it is requifite it fhould be fo re- 

 fpefting the difpofition of the heels, and the bevelling of the 

 heels. As the bevelling of the heel is fhewn for No. 4 

 hawfe-piece, the following will explain the difference that 

 may be expefted, if the hawfe-pieces were required to be 

 laid off on extremes, or if a fedlion of the body were re- 

 quired in fuch diredlion. 



Set up any particular height on the hawfe-piece 4, in the 

 body-plan. Jig. 6, and fuppofe it to be the height where the 

 harpin C intcifefts it ; then take that height from the 

 heel of the hawfe-piece No. 4, in the dircftion of the line of 

 the hawfe-piece, and fet it up perpendicular from the heel of 

 No. 4 hawfe-piece, in the {hecr-plan,^_f . 5. Take the diltance 

 Iquare from the middle line at the propofed height in the 

 body-plan. Jig. 6, and fct it off fquare from the middle 

 line in the half-breadth plan, Jig. 7, on the cant edge E ; 

 there make a fpot, and carry it fquare up to the ticked 

 level line in the flieer-plan. Jig. 5, and ftrike the line from 

 thence to the heel of No. 4 hawfe-piece, which gives the 

 exacl form of the hetl to fay againft the fore-fide of cant- 

 timber y. 



From the fpot before mentioned in ttic half-breadth plan, 

 fig. 7, take the diftancc to the middle line in the direction of 

 the cant-timber, as E, and fet it off from the middle line in 

 the body-plan^^^. 6, on the ticked level line, and draw it 

 down to the heel of the timber ; which is the proper line to 

 which the ftock of the bevel {hould be applied to take the 

 bevelling of the heel, in order to counter-mould the hawfe- 

 pieces. The explanation of the above muft fuffice, as it 

 would not only interfere with the method laid off, but alfo 

 be too minute to be defcribcd on the plate. 



Where the hawfe-pieces in the half-breadth plan,_yff. 7, 

 crofs the fquare harpins c, d, e,f, and g, fquare them up to 

 their correfponding cant-harpins, as at /;, which gives the 

 proper ilations of the hawfe-pieces on the cant-harpins ; 

 but the direftion of the hawfe-pieces to be marked on the 

 harpin-moulds will be fore and aft, as well on the cant- 

 harpins as on tliofe which lie level : fuch are the iiarpins at 

 the port-fill and head ; for where the hawfe-pieces crofs tliofe 

 harpins \u the half-breadth plan,^^. 7, is the proper llation 

 of the iiawfe-pieces on the aforefaid harpins ; or otherwile 

 it is the proper diftance from the middle hue which the 

 hawfe-pieces will be on each harpin, when the harpins are 



in their places ; becaufe thofe harpins are fhewn in the half- 

 breadth plan, fg. 7, as they really appear wlien they are in 

 their places. 



To Lay-off the Hawfe- Pieces tvhen canted. 



The method of laying off and difpofing of the hawfe- 

 pieces when canted, is the moft complete of any, as it is the 

 beft for the ftrength of the ftiip, and will likewife aflift the 

 converfion of the timber ; for by canting them, they will not 

 only be diminiftied at the heels, whereby a lefs piece of 

 timber will make them, as in the foregoing method, but the 

 beveUings will be lefs acute ; and as the canting and diminilh- 

 ing of them at the heels are performed by one operation, they 

 confequently muft appear as ftraight lines when viewed in the 

 half-breadth plan ; and, as before obferved, that all timbers, 

 when canted nearer to a fquare with the body, add more to 

 the fecurity of the plank, and the timbers are not wounded 

 fo much by that fecurity. The canting of the hawfe-pieces 

 is alfo fome advantage to the hawfe-holes ; for although the 

 hawfe-holes are generally cut nearly parallel to the middle 

 line, yet canting of them leaves moft wood at the outfide of 

 the hawfe-hole, which is the fartheft from the middle line, 

 as it is the wearing fide of the hawfe-liole. 



Difpofe of the hawfe-pieces in the half-breadth plan as in 



Jig. II, on which plan they will be ftraight lines, fimilar to 



the cant-timbers. Strike in hkewife the fore-fide of the 



cant-timbers marked E, F, as before, againft which the heels 



of the hawfe-pieces are to be cut off. 



Lay off the thwartftiip view of the hawfe-pieces and fore- 

 fide of the above cant-timbers E, F, in the fheer-plan,^^. 9, 

 in the following manner. Where the fore-fide of the cant- 

 timbers E and F in the half-breadth ■^\zn. Jig. 11, croffes 

 the half-thicknefs of the dead-wood C, fquare them up to 

 the bearding-line in the flieer-plan,_/ff. 9, and in the fame 

 manner proceed at everywater-linc, i , 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ; like- 

 wife with the main-breadth and harpin at the beak-head : 

 then pin a batten to thofe fpots, and mark the curves, as 

 F, G, which gives the thwartfhip view of the fore-iide of 

 the cant-timbers the hawfe-pieces heel againft. 



In the fame manner proceed with the hawfe-pieces : where, 

 in the half-breadth plan, ^_f. ii, they intcrfcft the water- 

 lines, main-breadth, and harpin above, fquare them up 

 to their correfponding lines in the ftieer-plan. Jig. 9 ; and 

 where they intcrfeiit the fore-edges of cant-timbers E and F 

 in the half-breadth plan,^_f. 11, fquare them up to interfeft 

 the thwartftiip view of the faid cant-timbers, as F and G in 

 the fiieer-plan. Jig. 9. This ftiews the exaft height of the 

 heels of the iiawfe-pieces, where they ftep againft the cant- 

 timber, when they are in their places. Then by pinning 

 batten to all the fpots fquared up, mark the curves 1, 2, 3, 

 and 4, wliicli will give the exaft thwartdiip view of the 

 hawle-piecea, fuppofing they were in their places ; but as 

 the fides do not look fore and aft, thefe are not the proper 

 lines to make the moulds to ; but will be ferviceable here- 

 after, to get the proper height of the harpins to be crofted 

 upon the hawfe-piece moulds. The moulding edge of the 

 kniglit-head is the aft-fide of the rabbet of the ftem. 



Where the knight-head and hawfe-pieces interfett the fore- 

 fide of the cant-timber, marked E in the half -breadth plan, 

 Jig. II, fit a batten in the diredion of the fine of the knight- 

 head, or hawfe-pieces ; mark thereon the points where they 

 are iiiterfeded by the water-lines ; and fct them oil from the 

 middle line in the body-plan,^^. 10, on their correlpoiidmg 

 water-lines. Tlieii take the heights, where the heels of the 

 knight-head and hawfe-pieces interfeft the thwartftiip view 

 »f cunt-timber F in the flieer-plaii, _/_if. 9, and transfer them 

 to the middle line in the body-plan, _/f^. 10. 



Having 



