SHIP-BUILDING. 



Having the lower height of breadth and harpin at the 

 beak-head laid off in the ftieer-plan,/^. 9, take the heights 

 where they interfeft the thwartfhip view of the knight- 

 head and hawfe-pieces, and transfer them to the body-plan, 

 fig. 10. Then take the diltances in the half-breadth plan, 

 fig. II, from the interfeftion of the knight-head and hawle- 

 pieces, with the cant-timber marked E, to the main-breadth 

 and harpin at the beak-head, taken in the direftion of the 

 line, and fet them off from the middle line in the body- 

 plan, ^_of. 10, on their correfponding hnes, marking fpots. 

 Then by pinning a batten to thofe fpots, mark the curves 

 K, H, I, 2, 3, and 4, which are the proper moulding edges 

 of the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, and confequently thofe 

 to which the moulds are to be made. Now to give the direc- 

 tion for cutting off the heels to fay againft the fide of the 

 cant-timber, the mould of No. 4 hawfe-piece mull be cut 

 off well with the middle hnc in the body-plan, fg. 10 ; 

 but as the knight -head and the other hawfe-pieces cut off 

 againft the timber, before that which No. 4 heels againit, take 

 the height in the fheer-plan, fig. 9, where the heels of the 

 knight-head, and 1,2,3 hawfe-pieces interfeft the thwartfhip 

 view of the foremoft cant-timber at G, and transfer them to 

 the body-plan, fig. 10 ; and where they interleft their re- 

 fpeftive hawfe-pieces, there ftrike up a perpendicular line, as 

 at No. 3 hawfe-piece, which will alfo give the direftion to 

 cut off their heels againft the faid cant-timber. 



But now, fmce they are laid off by the water-lines, the 

 proper ftations of the harpins below the main-breadth can- 

 not be marked on the moulds. Therefore the level thwart- 

 fhip view of the harpins muft be laid-off in the flieer-plan, 

 fig. 9, as before, which is the exaft height of them when they 

 are in their places ; confequently, then, the points where they 

 interfeft the thwartfhip view of the knight-head and hawfe- 

 pieces, fhew the exaft height to be transferred from the fheer- 

 plan,_/f^. 9, to their correfponding lines in the body-plan, 

 fig. 10, which gives the exaft ftations of the harpins to be 

 crofl'ed on the knight-head and hawfe-piece moulds. 



The bevellings are to be taken thus : ftrike a line in the 

 half-breadth plan, fig. 1 1, to the fiding of the knight-head 

 and hawfe-pieces, as was done for bevelling the cant-timbers, 

 as the ticked line at No. 4 hawfe-piece, it being the cleareil 

 to be underftood. Then fquare a line at the heel, where 

 the moulding edge of No. 4 hawfe-piece croffes the cant- 

 timber marked E. Then take the dillance from the fquared 

 line in the direftion of the fiding or ticked line to the feparate 

 water-lines, where they interfeft the ticked line, and fet them 

 off from the middle hne in the body-plan, _/ff. 10, on their 

 correfponding water-lines. Where the ticked line in the half- 

 breadth plan,_;ff. u, interfefts the cant-line E, fquare it up 

 to interfeft the thwartfhip view F, in the fheer-plan, jff. 9, 

 as marked with a ftar, and from thence transfer it tothe body- 

 plan,/^. 10, as far as the middle line. Then take the diftance 

 trom the fquared hne at the heel in the half-breadth plan, 

 fig. 1 1, to the cant-line E, m the direftion of the ticked line, 

 and fet it off from the middle line in the body-plan, _/ff. 10, 

 at the height laft mentioned. Continue the ticked line or 

 fiding of the hawfe-piece to interfeft the water-lines i, 2, 

 and 3, in the half-breadth plan,/_f. 1 1 ; then take the dif- 

 tance from the fquared line at the heel to thofe water-lines 

 in the direftion of the fiding or ticked line, and fet them off" 

 from the middle hne in the body-plan,^^. 10, on their corre- 

 fponding water-lines to the left hand, which ferves to prove 

 the fpot at the heel by continuing the bevelling edge to the 

 loweft water-line. Where the ticked line or fiding of the 

 hawfe-piece 4, in the half-breadth plan,/^. 11, interfefts the 

 main half-breadth and beak-head harpin, fquare them up to 

 their correfponding lines in the fheer-plan,/^. 9, and trans- 



fer them to the body-plan,//. lo, liriking level lines. Then 

 take the ditlance from the fquared line at the heel in the 

 half-breadth plan, _/fj-. 11, to the main half-breadth and 

 beak-head harpin in the direftion of the fiding or ticked 

 hne, and fet them off from the middle line in the body- 

 plan, fig. 10, on their correfponding heights, which gives 

 the fpots to which a batten muft be pinned, and thef cunre 

 marked out thereby will be the bevelling edge of the hawfe- 

 piece 4 ; and at whatever diftance the bevelling edge in the 

 body-plan, fig. 10, is from the moulding edge of the hawfe- 

 piece 4, fo much is tiie hawfe-piece under from a fquare m 

 the diftance from the fiding or licked line, to the joint of 

 the hawfe-piece in the half-breadth plan,_y?^. 1 1. 



The bevel G, a? fhewn in the half-breadth plan, fig. 1 1, 

 gives t!ie direftion to cutoff the heel. When the heel is cut 

 off, in order to find the bevelling of the heel to counter- 

 mould the hawfe-pieces, the fore-fides of the cant-timbers, as 

 E andF, in the half-breadth plan,_/?^. 1 1, muft be laid off in 

 the body-plan, j?f. lo, which may be done by the water-hnes. 

 Then transfer the height of the heel of the hawfe-piece 

 No. 4, from the flieer-plan,_yff. 9, where it cuts the thwartfhip 

 view of the cant-timber marked F, to its correfponding 

 cant-timber in the bodv-plan, fig. 10, and ftrike a perpendi- 

 cular line ; to which apply the ftock of a bevel, and the 

 tongue, to the cant-timbers, as at M ; the fame likewife for 

 hawfe-piece No. i, as at L, and fo on for the others. This 

 gives the exaft bevelling to be applied when the heel is cut 

 off, in order to counter-mould tiie hawfe-pieces, if it fhould 

 be fo required. The bevellings of No. 4 hawfe-piece are all 

 taken at their heights, as may be feen in the body-plan, 

 fig. 10, and marked on the bevelling-board, as at a in fig. 12 : 

 the faid heights to be all croffed upon the hawfe-piece 

 mould. 



To Lay-off thi Haiufe- Pieces by the Square Harpins when 

 canted. 



The fquare and cant -harpins being of neceffity laid off in 

 the half-breadth -pXzw, fig. 11, it is necefiary to explain the 

 method of laying off the cant-hawfe-pieces by the fquare 

 harpins, which are marked c, d, e, f, g, in the half-breadth 

 plan,_/ff. 11. The point where the knight-head and hawfe- 

 pieces interfeft the fore-fide of the cant-timber marked E in 

 the half-breadth plan, /j. 11, is fuppofed to be in the 

 middle line in the body-plan,/jr. 10, which middle line will 

 ferve for laying off the knight-head and hawfe-pieces, as it 

 did for the foregoing operation by the water-hnes. By being 

 laid off in the fame body-plan, /V. 10, it will be a convincing 

 proof that both methods may be depended upon, becaufe 

 they will be found to agree, as near as can be expefted on 

 fo fmall a fcale as the plate. 



To explain the laving off the knight-head and all the 

 hawfe-pieces would be too tedious ; (though they are all 

 laid off the fame in the body-plan) ; for by laying off and 

 bevelling the hawfe-piece No. 4, the ticked lines (which 

 are transferred from the fheer-plan,^. 9, to the body-plan, 

 fig. 10, in order to give the proper ftations of the harpins 

 on the hawfe-piece moulds, when laid off by the water- 

 lines) will now be proved to agree with the operation by 

 the harpins. 



Now the knight-head and hawfe-pieces are intended ts 

 be laid off together by the harpin-lines. There is no ne- 

 ceffity to lay-off" the thwartffiip view of them in the fheer- 

 plan, fig. 9 ; but the thwartfhip view of the fore-fide of 

 the cant-timber they heel againft will be wanted, to find the 

 height of the heels. Having the level height of the har- . 

 pins laid off before in the flieer-plan, fig. 9, where the 

 fere-fides of the cant-tirabers, marked E, F, interfeft the 



fquare 



