SHIP-BUILDING. 



fquare harpins c,d,e,f,g, in the half-breadtli plan, _/Jf. ii, 

 tquare them up to their correfponding harpins in the (heer- 

 plan, Jig. 9. This gives the thwartfhip view of the cant- 

 timbers ; and if the work be true, it will anfwer the fame 

 as by the water-lines. The exaft height of the heels ihould 

 be found, in order to prove the reft of the work ; and as 

 the lines of the hawle-pieces in the half-breadth plan,^^. 1 1, 

 are continued abaft the fore-fide of the cant-timbers, as 

 £, F, to interfeft the fquare harpins c,d,e; then by hav- 

 ing fpots in the body-plan, _/fj. 10, beyond the middle line, 

 (when the batten is continued to the fpots beyond the middle 

 line on thofe harpins,) it would interletl the middle line at 

 the proper height of the heel ot the hawfe-piece. 



To prove the hawfe-piece No. 4, as laid off by the 

 water-lines, let it be laid off by the level or fquare har- 

 pins : thus, where the moulding edge interfedls the fore- 

 edge of the cant-timber, marked E in the half-breadth 

 plan, ^^. II, fquare it up to interfecl the thwartfhip view 

 F, in the fheer-plan. Jig. 9 ; and transfer that height to the 

 middle line in the body -plan, ^^. 10. This gives the heel 

 of the hawfe-piece No. 4, exadlly fimilar to the method by 

 the water-lines. 



Obfcrve in the half-breadth plan, fig. 1 1, where the hawfe- 

 piece No. 4 croffes the fquare harpins, and from tlienoe 

 take the neareft diflance to the middle line ; and let them off 

 on their refpeAive harpins fquare from the middle line in 

 the body-plan, ^^. 10, there finking a level line, in the 

 fame manner as was done for the cant-timbers. Tiien take 

 the diflances in the hal/-breadth plan,_yf5-. 1 1, from the in- 

 tcrfeftion of the hawfe-piece No. 4, with the cant-edge 

 marked E, to where it interfefts each of the fquare har- 

 pins, in the direftion of the line for the laid hawfe-piece ; 

 and fet them off fquare from the middle line in the body- 

 plan. Jig. 10, on their refpeftive level lines before men- 

 tioned ; obferving to fet off the diftance to the left hand of 

 thofe which were taken abaft the cant-line E. This gives 

 the fpots for the moulding edge of the hawfe-piece No. 4 ; 

 and is likewife the exadt flation of the harpins to be croficd 

 on the moulds. 



Proceed in the fame manner to find the fpots for the 

 moulding edges of the other hawfe -pieces ; as thofe for the 

 main-breadth and beak-head harpin are found in the very 

 fame manner as by the water-lines. 



The bevell'ing-tdge is laid off in the very fame way as the 

 moulding edge ; only tlie diftance taken in the direftion of 

 the ticked or fiding-line is taken from the fquared line at the 

 heel, inflcad of its interfedtion at the cant-edge E, in the 

 half-breadtli plan, ^. 11. The plate will fhew that the 

 difference of laying-off, between the water-lines and har- 

 pins, is in the performance only. 



To find the proper ftations of the knight-head and hawfe- 

 picces on the harpin-moulds, we need only fquare up the in- 

 terfeftions of them with the fquare harpinf to the cant-liar- 

 pins, in the fame manner as was done for the cant-timbers. 

 And the points where the knight-head and hawie-pieces in 

 the half-brcadth-pUn, fig. 1 1, crofs the harpins at the port- 

 fills and beak-head, fhew the proper ftations of them, as they 

 appear when the harpins are in tlieir places, they lying 

 level in a thwartfhip direftion to the Iheer of the lliip, the 

 fore and aft-way. The main breadth is only ufcd as a bevel- 

 ling fpot ; for was it required to place a harpin to that 

 lieight, its great fheer would require a very diflercnt opera- 

 tion to form the line to make the mould to. 



To Lay-off" the Tranfoms, Plate IX. Laying-ojf C. 



The tranfoms and fafhion-pieces compofe the ftern-frarac. 

 The upper ones are the wing, filling, and deck-tranfoins ; 



and there may be as many under the deck-tranfom as the 

 form of the body will admit, of kindly growth. The up- 

 permoll is called the wing-tranfom, which is the bafe of the 

 flern. 



This may be admitted the ftrongefl and befl method of 

 uniting the after-part of the Ihip together : the ftrongell, 

 becaufe every tranfom crofTing the after-part of the (hip, 

 and bolting through the Itern-poft, they may be confidered 

 fimilar to the breaft-hooks ; fo that when the planks are 

 wrought on the buttock, and the wing-tranfom knees, and 

 fleepcrs or diagonal knees are bolted, it may be allowed to be 

 a? ftrong as the fore-part or bow is with the breaft-hooks, be- 

 caufe the fore-part of the fhip has no other affiltance to keep 

 tlie bows togetlier. 



As there are feveral operations required to lay-off the 

 ftern-frame, Plate IX. Laying-oJfC, is made a feparate plate 

 for that purpofe ; though it leprcfents the lines on the floor, 

 as before obferved. 



The fafhion-pieces being ftruck in the half-breadth plan 

 on the floor, and the water-lines run as in Plate I., fquare 

 up the interfedtion of the fafhion-pieces with the bearding- 

 line, water-lines, the end of the wing-tranfom, and main 

 half-breadth line in the half-breadth plan, to their corre- 

 fponding bearding-line, water-lines, wing-tranfom, and 

 height of breadth line in the fheer-plan ; then a batten 

 pinned to thofe fpots will reprefent the thwartfhip view of 

 the aft-fides of the fafhion-pieces T, F, P, Plate IX. 



fg- I- 



Where the aft-fides of the fafhion-pieces interfeft the be- 

 fore-mentioned lines in the half-breadth plan, take the dif- 

 tances fquare from thence to the middle line ; and fet them 

 off fquare from the middle line, on their correfponding lines 

 in the body-plan. A batten pinned to thefe fpots will give 

 the fore and aft view of the fafhion-pieces, generally called 

 the fquare fafhion-pieces, which are marked S, F, P, 

 Plate ly^-fg. 2. 



Transfer from the fheer-plan of Plate I. the heights of all 

 the tranfoms to the fheer-plan on the floor ; likewife the 

 fiding or depth of each tranfom, as VV, F, D, I, 2, 3, 4, 

 5, and 6, Plate IX.. Jig. I. 



In the body-plan, ^g. 2, defcribe the upper fide of the 

 wing-tranfom a, by a fegment of an arc to its round-up, 

 till it interfefts the aft-fidc of the foremoft fquare fafkion- 

 picce S ; and below that a parallel curve i, where the ends 

 of the planks of the buttock are intended to be cut off, 

 which is called the margin-line. Square down from the 

 fheer-plan the aft-fide of the wing-tranfom to the middle 

 line of the half-breadth plan ; and from thence defcribe the 

 aft-fide of the wing-tranfom at its upper fide, by a fegment 

 of an arc to its round-aft, wiiich fhew8 the line to which 

 the mould is to be made. Take the height of tlie margin- 

 line I), at the middle line in the body-plan. Jig. 2, and 

 transfer it to the fore-part of the rabbet of the ftern-poll, in 

 the flieer-plan, Jig. i ; and from thence fquare it down 

 to the middle line in the half-breadth plan, marking a 

 parallel arc to the aft-fide of the wing-tranfom, which 

 is likewife called tlic margin-line. Continue to fhew the 

 level view of the moulding edges of all the tranfoms in 

 the body-plan, ^_i;. 2, in the following manner: the wing- 

 tranfom and tlic filling under it lying level, they form the 

 fegment of an arc to their round-up, as above. Tliis is 

 the proper curve to which the round-up mould is made for 

 fiding thofe tranfoms. The next is the deck-tranfoin, 

 which is generally laid ofl' to the round-up of the gun-deck 

 beam ; the other tranfoms below tlie deck lying flraighl 

 and level, are reprcfented by level lines only. 



Transfer from Plate I. the bultock-lince 1,2,3,4,5, 



and 



