SHIP-BUILDING. 



the diftances from the aftermoft: cant-fadiion-piece to the 

 middle line for the tranfoms 4, 5, and 6, and fet them off, as 

 before, on the line for the aftermoft cant-fafliion-piece A, in 

 the plan of che tranfoms, _fig. 3 ; to which fpots the tran- 

 foms in^^-. 3. muft agree. 



Cut oft the ends of the wing, fiUing, and deck-tranfoms, 

 at the joint or aft-iide of the foremofl fafhion-piece F, and 

 tranfoms Nos. i, 2, and 3, under the deck at the aft-fide of 

 the middle fadiion-piece M, and Nos. 4, 5, and 6, at the aft- 

 fide of the after-fafhion-piece A, as is clearly (hewn in the 

 plan of the tranfoms, ^^. 3, where the middle fafhion-piece 

 is reprefented as itopt at the under fide of the dcck-tranfom, 

 and the after-fafhion-piece at the under fide of the tranfom 

 No. 3. 



To make the Moulds and bevel the Tranfoms. 



The moulds are made of fir battens fayed to the lines 

 already laid oft in the plan of the tranfoms, Jig. 3, for their 

 aft-fides ; and another to their fare-fide, at their moulding 

 or breadth at the upper fide ; which are confined together by 

 battens at each buttock-line, and one at each end to the 

 direftion of the faftiion-piece, allowing what they are in- 

 *ended to be let into the faftiion-pieces ; and a broad piece 

 :: the middle, to the fize of its feating c c, with the middle 

 ime corredlly marked thereon. 



The Lcvellings of the tranfoms are frequently taken from 

 the buttock-lines in the ftieer-plan, _/?f. i, in the following 

 manner. Apply the Itock of the bevel E to the upper 

 fide of the tranfoms, in the (heer-plan. Jig. I, and the 

 tongue to the buttock-line ; but let the tongue be off at the 

 upper and lower fides of the tranfom, as at the fiUing-tran- 

 lom in the ftieer-plan,^^. i, which gives the exaft bevellings 

 of the tranfoms at their correfponding buttock-lmes. 



The bevellings for the wing-tranfom are taken from the 

 jmargin-line to the under fide of the wing-tranfom, as above. 

 The under fide of the wing-tranfom is transferred from the 

 body -plan, _^^. 2, to the flieer-plan,_^^. I, by the buttock- 

 lines. 



The bevellings for the deck-tranfom may be taken by 

 applying the ftock of the bevel parallel to the hang of the 

 deck, at the middle line, and the tongue to each buttock- 

 line ; keeping the tongue well at the upper and lower fides 

 of the tranfom, as before obferved, and fo muft be applied 

 on the tranfom, by placing the bevel at each correfponding 

 buttock-line, and keeping the ftock out of winding with 

 the upper fide of tlie tranfom at the middle line. 



The tranfoms under the deck may be bevelled by the but- 

 Jock-lines in the ftieer-plan, ^_f. i, and the bevellings may 

 be taken very cxaft ; but it requires to be very particular 

 in applying the bevtl on the tranfoms ; to do which, the 

 Aock of the bevel muft be kept in the diredlion of the but- 

 tock-lincs, at the upper fide of the tranfom, and the tongue 

 teaching to the buttock-1' le below, which ought to be 

 marked at the lower fide of the tranfom, and not trufting 

 to the bevel's canting promifcuoufly, for then the bevel may 

 not be ejfadfly fquare. 



When this trouble is taken to bevel the tranfoms, then 

 they may, when trimmed, be depended upon. 



This is a method not to be recommended to thofe who 

 would be particularly exaft, becaufe there can be no more 

 bevellings on the tranfoms than the number of buttock-lines 

 which interfcft the tranfoms ; as for inftance, there are only 

 two buttock-lines which crofs the lower-tranfom in Jig. 3, 

 jnd one of them is clofe to the end, which is not fumcient 

 to get the exaft form of the lower fide of the tranfom. 

 Therefore, the beft way to find the bevellings of thofe tran- 

 foms is to lay-off their lower fides, which ie very eafy to be 



Vol., XXXJI, 



eff"efted here, becaufe all the tranfoms lie level. Proceed 

 in the iheer-plan. Jig. 1, at the under fide of the lower 

 tranfom, to take the diltance from the perpendicular of the 

 tranfom P, to the interfeftion of eacli buttock-line, and 

 likewife the bearding-linc ; and fet them off from the line 

 P P, on their correfponding buttock-lines and beardmg- 

 line, in the plan of the tranfom^-, /!g. 3. Tiien from the 

 middle line of the body-plan, /?<;. 2, take the diftances at 

 the lower fide of the laid tranlom to the fquare timbers, in 

 the fame manner as the moulding edges were done, and fet 

 them off on their correfponding timbers, in the plan of the 

 tranfoms, /_§•. 3, whicli gives the fpots; to which a batten 

 pinned will give the form of the lower edge L L, which is 

 ticked, to diltinguifti it from the moulding edge. In the 

 fame manner may be laid oft' the lower or bevelling edges of 

 all the tranfoms. 



The diftance from the upper or moulding fides of the 

 tranfoms, to the ticktd line for the lower fides, fficws how 

 much the tranfoms are under from a fquare ; only in the 

 diltance from the upper to the lower fides of the tranfoms, 

 in the iheer-phn, Jig. 1, muft be fuppofed the breadth of 

 the bevelling-board. 



By having the lower fides of the tranfoms laid off, we 

 have an opportunity of taking as many bevellings as may be 

 thought fufficient, without any confinement ; therefore, on 

 the lower tranfom may be placed three bevelling fpots, which 

 (hould be divided equally between the breech and the faftiion- 

 piece ; then take the nearelt diftance from the fpots on the 

 moulding edge, (which muft be firmarked on the moulds,) to 

 the ticked line for the lower edge, by fwecping it with a. 

 pair of compaffes, which ftiews how much the tranfom is 

 under from a fquare at each bevelling fpot, as at a, i, c, in 

 the plan of the tranfoms, _/?». 3, agreeable to the depth of 

 the tranfom. In the fame manner may the bevellings of 

 all the tranfoms below the deck be taken. 



The bevelling for the breech of the tranfom is taken from 

 the upper fide of the tranfom, and the tongue to the beard- 

 ing-line in the ftieer-plan, /[f. i ; for the tranfoms are all 

 fuppofed to be cut oft' in the direftion of the bearding-line 

 C. The ends of all the tranfoms, when moulded, are trim- 

 med fquare from the upper fide. But the fquare, when ap- 

 plied to the end of the wing, filling, and deck-tranfoms, 

 muft be lifted up as much as the tranfom rounds down, 

 and appears out of winding with a batten in the middle line. 



To find the bevelling for the ends of the tranfoms, when 

 cut off, let the ftock of the bevel be placed to the lines of 

 the upper fides of the tranfoms in the body-plan. Jig. a, and 

 the tongue to the cant-fafliion-piece, which gives the proper 

 bevelling over the end of the tranfoms when cut off. 



But to find the bevelling for the end of the wing-tranfom, 

 take the diftance fquare from the middle line to the inter- 

 feftion of the joint, or aft-fide of the foremoft faftiioR-picce, 

 with the end of the wing-tranfom, in the plan of the tran- 

 foms. Jig. 3, and fet it oft fquare from the middle line on 

 the upper fide of the tranfom in the body-plan, _^^. 2, and 

 level It out till it intcrfefts the cant-faftiion-piccc. Then 

 apply the ftock of the bevel on the line levelled out, and 

 the tongue to the cant-faftiion-piece, as at B. This gives the 

 bevelling for the end of the wing-tranfom, when cut off. 

 But the bevel muft be lifted up as much as the wing-tranfom 

 rounds down at the end, and appears out of winding with a 

 batten kept well with the middle of the wing-traniom. 



The fame muft be alfo done for the bevelling at the cod of 

 the filling and deck-tranfoms. 



The points where the tranfomsunder the dcck-tranfom in the 



body-plan,^^. J, interfcft the canl-faftiion-pieccs, arc the pro. 



per nations to be croffed on the faftiion-piece mould. And 



4 D where 



