SHIP-BUILDING. 



where the linei (before mentioned) levelled out interfeft 

 the cant-fafhion-piece, is the proper ftation of the whig, 

 filhng, and deck-tranfoms on the faihion-piece mould for the 

 moulding edge, but not for the diredtion in which thofe 

 tranfoms ftrike the fafhion-piece, becaufe of the round of 

 thofe tranfoms ; which will be more explained in the fol- 

 lowing method. 



When the lower fides of the tranfoms are laid off, it is but 

 little trouble to make a flight mould to counter-mould the 

 under fides of all the tranfoms, by making it only to 

 one arm of the tranfoms, and then canting it over, to 

 mould the oppofite arm. Then, when the breech of the 

 tranfom is trimmed to the bcarding-linc, fet off the diftance 

 from the middle line each way, as far as the bearding-line 

 cc 13 from the middle line in the plan of the tranfoms,^^. 3, 

 to which the tranfom-mould is made. Then trim the end 

 of the tranfom fquare, and fet off the beveUing for the end 

 of the tranfom ; then cant the tranfom over, and applying the 

 mould made for the under fide to the breech and bevelling 

 at the end, you have the tranfom counter-mould, without 

 the affiitance of any other beveUing ; or they may be fet 

 off, to fee if they agree with the mould ; and if they do, 

 you may be then fure the work is correft. 



To Lay-off the Tranfoms ijuhen canted. 



The utility of canting the tranfoms is, that it greatly 

 affills the converfion of timber, is better for faftening the 

 plank of the bottom, and bolts fquare to the ffern-polt. 

 When the tranfoms have a very great bevelling, it is difficult 

 at the upper edge to get fnfficient faftening for the planks, 

 which fufficiently points out the utility of canting them : 

 proceed therefore to the operation, wliich will require the 

 reader's particular attention ; as thofe minute particulars 

 which cannot fo conveniently be difplayed on the plate, can 

 only be explained in words. 



Difpofe of the tranfoms in the (heer-plan. Jig. 4 ; let the 

 wing and fiUing-tranfoms be placed level, and the upper 

 fide of the deck-tranfom to the proper hang of the deck ; 

 and the other tranfoms below at the fafhion-piece, as much 

 above a level as reprefented in the fheer-plan, Jig. 4 ; fo as 

 to make them nearly of an equal opening at the ftern-poft, 

 and likewife at the faftiion-piece. Thefe fiiew the difpo- 

 fition of the tranfoms at the middle line. 



Now proceed to ftiew the level view of the- moulding 

 edges of all the tranfoms in the body-plan in the following 

 manner : the wing-tranfom a, and the filling c, lyino- level, 

 tliey form a fegment of a circle in the body-plan, _/^. 5, to 

 their given round-up. This is the proper curve to which 

 the round-up mould is made for fiding thefe tranfoms, 

 as before obferved. The next is the deck-tranfom d, 

 which being confined to the hang of the deck, and the 

 round of the beam, is the moft difficult of any, if executed 

 in a proper manner: it ought to undergo the following 

 operation. The ticked line H, in the fheer-plan, Jg. 4, 

 is the under fide of the deck at the middle line, and is in- 

 tended to be the upper fide of the deck-tranfom at the middle 

 line. Transfer the heights of the ticked line H, or upper 

 fide of the deck-tranfom, in the Iheer-plan, fg. 4, at every 

 fquare timber, to their correfponding timbers in the body- 

 plan, Jig. 5 ; and where the deck at the middle line in the 

 (heer-plan, /_f. 4, interfeds the buttock-lines, transfer them 

 to their correfponding buttock -lines in the body-plan, /^. 5 : 

 a batten pinned to thofe fpots {hews the interfeftion of the 

 deck at the fquare timbers, as H, in the body-plan, Jg. j, 

 fuppofing the deck had no round-down at the fide. Under 

 the line A A, for the upper fide of the keel, in the body- 

 plan,/jf. 5, mark the round-up of the gun-deck beam R ; 



and where the ticked line H for the deck, at the middle 

 line, in the body-plan, _/?§'. 5, interfetls the iquare timbers, 

 fquare them down to the round of the deck R, under 

 the body-plan. The timbers and the buttock-lines are 

 there marked and numbered in the fame manner with thofe 

 from which they were fquared down. Take the diftance 

 at each place on the round of the deck, under the body-plan, 

 Jig. 5 ; fquare up to the line A A, or upper fide of the 

 keel (which is the round of the deck at each timber), and 

 fet them down below their correfponding timbers, in a 

 perpendicular direftion, from the interfeftion of the deck 

 at the middle hne with the fquare timbers H, in the body- 

 plan, jf^. 5 ; and from thofe fpots direft them towards the 

 middle line M, parallel to the round of the deck under the 

 body-plan, till they interfect the fquare timbers, which are 

 the proper ftations on the fquare timbers the curve I of the 

 deck will make, fuppofing it to be continued to the outfide 

 of the timbers ; which is required, in order to find the 

 exaft form of the moulding edge of the deck-tranfom. 



Let the buttock-lincs in the body -plan, _/ff. 5, be con- 

 tinued down to the round of the deck R, under the body- 

 plan ; then take the round of the deck at each buttock-line, 

 and fet it down below the deck at the middle line H, in 

 the ftieer-plan, Jg. 4, on their correfponding buttock-lines, 

 and transfer theie fpots to the buttock-lines in the body- 

 plan, _^^. 5 ; then to thofe fpots on the buttock-hnes, and 

 thofe on the timbers, pin a batten, and it will ftiew the curve 

 the dcck-line at the fide will make, if continued to the 

 outfide of the timbers, as I, in the body-plan, _/^. 5. 



To find the deck at the fide in the (heer-plan, fig. 4, 

 take the heights at every fquare timber in the body-plan, 

 fig. 5, where they interfeft the deck at the fide, and transfer 

 them to their correfponding timbers in the (heer-plan,^. 4 : 

 by pinning a batten to thefe fpots, with thofe made before 

 on the buttock-hnes, you have the deck at the fide, as I, in 

 the (heer-plan, _/^. 4, which is the level view of the moulding 

 edge of the deck-tranfom. 



To find the lower fide of the deck-tranfom in the (heer- 

 plan, fig. 4, and hkewifein the body-plan, _^. 5 ; this (hould 

 be done in the fame manner as the upper fide. If it ii 

 intended to be very correct, run the ribband-lines, which 

 will be a proof t» the reft of the work, in laying-off the 

 tranfoms. 



To find the level view of the tranfoms below the deck, 

 in the body-plan, _^. 5, obferve where the lower and upper 

 fides of the tranfoms in the Iheer-plan, fig. 4, interfeft the 

 buttock-lines, fquare timbers, and fa(hion-pieces ; transfer 

 thofe heights to the body-plan, _^. 5, on their correfponding 

 lines, which give the level view of the tranfoms in the 

 body-plan,^, j. 



To lay-off the cant-tranfoms, proceed, as before, to make 

 a feparate plan, as fig. 6. The moulding edges of the 

 wing, filling, and deck-tranfoms, are laid off fo fimilar to 

 the former, as not to need repeating here. But (hould the 

 deck-tranfom have much (heer, and a great round, it would 

 be a further proof of correftnefs, to take the diftance from 

 the perpendicular line P, in the (heer-plan, fig. 4, to tim- 

 ber 32, in the direftion of the (heer of the deck I, and fet 

 it off fquare from the line P P, in the plan of the tranfoms, 

 fig. 6, which will be further forward than the faid timber, as 

 before laid off; then pin a batten to the round of the deck 

 under the body-plan, fig. 5, marking the middle line, and 

 the fpot that ivas fquared down from the deck at the fide, 

 at timber 32, to the round of the deck, and fet it off ott 

 the new timber 32, in the plan of the tranfoms,_/^. 6. Thi« 

 would give the exaft fpot on timber 32, if the deck wa« 

 required to hang and round to extremes, in the fame manner 



as 



