SHIP-BUILDING. 



as by pinning a batten to the round of the wing and fiUing- 

 tranfoms in the body-plan, fg. 5, and marking the fquare 

 timbers, buttock-lines, and Iquare fathion-pieces on the 

 batten ; then let the batten lie ftraight, and it will be the 

 exaft half-breadth at every fquare timber, buttock-line, 

 and fafliion-piece, and will give the exadl length of the 

 wing-tranfom. 



To lay-off the tranfoms under the deck, take the diftance 

 from the line P, in the fheer-plan, jig. 4, to the buttock- 

 lines in the direftion of the tranfoms, and fet them off from 

 the line P P, in the plan of the tranfoms, ^^'. 6, on their 

 correfponding buttock-lines. Take the half-breadths in the 

 body-plan, _/?f. 5, fquare from the middle line to the inter- 

 feftion of the tranfoms Nos. I, 2, 3, 4, J, and 6, with the 

 fquare fafhion-piece, and fet them off fquare from the 

 middle line in the plan of the tranfoms, _/%-. 6, to interfeft 

 the falhion-piece, marking a line parallel to the middle line, 

 as a a, tranfom No. 6. Then take the dittances from the 

 line P, in the (heer-plan, jig. 4, in the direftion of the 

 tranfoms, to the fafhion-piece, and fet them of! fquare from 

 the line P P, in the plan of the tranfoms, ^^. 6, on the lines 

 a, a, at the interfettion of the fafhion-piece. Take the 

 half-breadths fquare from the middle line in the body-plan, 

 jig. 5, where the tranfoms interfeft fquare timber 36, and 

 fet them off fquare from the middle line, in the plan of the 

 tranfoms, jg. 6. Then take the diftances from the line P, 

 in the fheer-plan,^. 4, to fquare timber 36, in the direftion 

 of the lines of the tranfom, and fet them off fquare from 

 the line P P, in the plan of the tranfoms, ^^. 6, to interfeft 

 their feveral half-breadths, as at h, c, d, e. In the fame 

 manner proceed to find all the fpots for the fquare timbers, 

 in order to prove the buttock-lines. This will give the 

 exaft form of the moulding edge of all the tranfoms below 

 the deck, and the flation of the fafhion-piece on the 

 tranfom, with the length of the tranfom at the moulding 

 edge. 



To find the direftion of the end of the tranfom, to lie 

 againft the fide of the fafhion-piece, obferve in the half- 

 breadth plan where the fafhion-pieces interfeft the middle 

 line, and fquare them up to the fheer-plan, as may be feen 

 ticked, and marked K, M, L, calling them the fafhion-pieces 

 at the middle line in the fheer-plan, jg. 4. Take the 

 diflance from the line P, in the fheer-plan, jig. 4, to the 

 middle line of the aftermoil fafhion-piece K, in the direc- 

 tion of the tranfoms No. 6, and fet it off from the line P P, 

 in the plan of the tranfom,^. 6, on the middle line, and 

 mark the ticked line gg, from the fpot on the middle line, 

 to the fpot on No. 6. tranfom. This will give the direftion 

 to cut off the end of the tranfom, in order to lie againll the 

 fide of the fafhion-piece. 



To bevel the Tranfomt 'when canted. 



Thofe tranfoms which arc not fided ftraight, as the wing, 

 filling, and the deck, are generally bevelled by the buttock- 

 lines, as before obfcrvcd ; but rather than triilt to the 

 bevellings only (it being rather difficult to apply them fo 

 truly as they (honld be), lay-off the under fides of all the 

 tranfoms, and make a flight mould to them. This will 

 correft the bevellings, and make greater difpatch in trim- 

 ming the tranfoms. Then there need only (except for 

 proof fake) be taken the bevelling at the bearding-line, and 

 the bevelling at the end ; for the mould will give the reft. 

 But obferve to be careful in the bevellings at the ends of 

 the tranfoms ; for inftance, the ends of the wing and filling- 

 tranfoms, when they lie level, are to be cut off fquare ; 

 but keep the fquare as much above the end of the wing 

 and filling-tranfoms, at they round in their length, and let 



the fquare look out of winding with the middle of the 

 tranfom. Alfo the bevel (when applied on the end after 

 it is cut off, in order to bevel the end for counter-moulding) 

 muft be kept as much above the end of the tranfom, and 

 look out of winding with the middle of the tranfom. 



As the bevelling for the end of the deck-tranfom is taken 

 againft the cant-fafhion-piece by a level line in the body- 

 plan, jg. 5, it muit be obferved how much the tranfom 

 at the middle line in the fheer-plan, jg. 4, is below a level 

 (fuppofe one foot). Then place a batten at the middle 

 line on the tranfom, and lift the foremofl end of the batten 

 up till it becomes level, as fuppofing the tranfom to be in 

 its place : then proceed with the fquare and the bevel for 

 the end of the tranfom, in the fame manner as for the wing 

 and filling, looking out of winding with the batten at the 

 middle line. 



To bevel the tranfoms, which are canted in the fheer-plan, 

 jig. 4, proceed in the fame manner as in bevelling the 

 cant-timbers, by making a parallel line to the moulding 

 edge. Therefore lay-off the bevellings of the tranfoms, 

 by fquaring a line from the upper fide, where it interfefts 

 the line P, in the fheer-plan, jg. 4, to the under fide, as 

 the ticked line a at the lower tranfom. Take the diftances 

 from where the fquarcd line, a, erodes the lower edge in its 

 cant direftion, to the bearding-line c, and to all the buttock- 

 lines, and fet them off fquare from the line P P, on their 

 correfponding lines, in the plan of the tranfoms, jg. 6. 

 Where the bearding-line c, in the fheer-plan, _/f^. 4, proves 

 to be fquare from the direftion of the tranfom, as it is, or 

 very nearly fo, at the lower tranfom, then the bearding for 

 the moulding edge, and likewife for the bevellings, will 

 come as near together in the plan of the tranfoms, jg. 6. 

 This may fufficiently prove that the method of bevelhng is 

 correft. 



Where the under fide of the lower tranfom interfefts the 

 fquare timbers and fquare falhion-piece in the body-plan, 

 jg. 5, take the nearelt diftances from thence to the middle 

 line, and fet them off fquare from the middle line, in the 

 plan of the tranfoms, ^5-. 6, ftriking lines parallel to the 

 middle line, as at it. Then take the diftances from the 

 fquared line a, in the fheer-plan, _/?§'. 4, in the direftion of 

 the under fide of the lower tranfom, to the fquare timbers 

 and fafhion-piece T, and fet tlicm oft" Iquare from the line 

 P P, on their correfponding lines laft ftruck, in the plan of 

 the tranfoms, jg. 6. To thefc fpots, and thofe on the 

 buttock-hnes, pin a batten, and it will reprefcnt the ticked 

 line, hh, within the lower tranfom, which will fhcw how 

 much the lower tranfom is under from a fquare, agreeable 

 to the depth of the tranfom. Take the diftance from the 

 fquarcd line a, in the fheer-plan, jg. 4, to the ticked per- 

 pendicular K, which i« the after-fafhion-piece at the middle 

 line ; and fet it off from the line P P, on tlie middle line, in 

 the plan of the tranfoms, yff. 6, and mark the ticked line, m, 

 from thence to the fpot on the fafhion-piece, which will be 

 a line parallel to the ticked line g, before marked to cut off 

 the end of the tranfom ; and tlic diftance between the two 

 ticked linos fhews how much the end of the tranfom is 

 under from a fquare, agreeable to the depth of the tranfom. 



The ticked line h h, in the plan of the tranfoms, jfff. 6, 

 whicli is for the bevellings, is the line to make the tem- 

 porary mould to, in order to counter-mould the tranfom ; 

 and by cutting off one end of the mould to the tiiwartfhip- 

 line for the breech of the tranfom, and cutting oft" the 

 others to the ticked line m for the end of the tranfom, 

 when the mould is applied to the under fide of the tranfom, 

 it will be eafily perceived if the work be true. 



To find the cxaft bevelling to be applied over the end 

 4D J of 



