SHIP-BUILDING. 



aFt-fide to the fore-ficle, to which place the fpot b, oij the 

 mould for the fore-fide, muft properly correfpond ; and the 

 head of the mould muft be kept well with the fpot to 

 the bevelling at the main-breadth. The mould lies then 

 in its proper place to mould the fore-iide of the falhion- 

 piece. 



It is cuftomary, in boats, for the planks of the bottom to 

 run through to the aft-fide of the tranfom, and fometimes 

 to the att-fide of the faftiion-piece of lighters ; but in 

 larger veflels it is better to rabbet the fafhiori-piece ; for 

 when the planks of the bottom are rabbctted into the fafhion- 

 piece, and the infide of the butts left longer than the out- 

 fide, the planks are apt to be prefled to the timbers on 

 caulking their ends ; while, on the contrary, when the 

 planks run through the falhion-piece, they are not able to 

 bear the force that is required to be made by caulking their 

 ends fufBciently. In veffels of this clafs, likewife, the 

 ends of the planks would be liable to be flarted off by 

 accident. 



The fafhion-piece, as it is laid off, both fore and aft-fides, 

 is conformable to the timbers of the body, being for that 

 reafon eafier underflood ; but when the falhion-piece is 

 moulding, be careful to leave enough without the lines for 

 the thicknefs of the plank ; which may be found exaftly by 

 holding a batten at the outfide of the fafhion-piece, at 

 feveral places, parallel to the lines for the fore and aft-ildes 

 of the fafhion-piece, and fquare from the lines. 



Then extend the compaffes to the thicknefs of the bottom 

 plank, or otherwife run as many fiftitious diagonal lines as 

 ftiall be neceflary, and fquare from the moulding edge of the 

 fafhion-piece. Then fet off the thicknefs of the plank of 

 the bottom, and lay off the extreme outfide of the fafhion- 

 piece, likewife the aft-fide, obferving the round in the di- 

 reftion of the diagonal line, whereby a mould may be made 

 to the aft-fide, at the extreme breadth ; and the outfide may 

 be trimmed by bevellings from the diagonal lines. But 

 ;_;reat care muft be taken to place eacli diagonal line fquare 

 from the moulding edge of the fafhion-piece ; and then, as 

 the fafhion-piece at the aft-fide will wind or twift in the 

 direftion of the diagonal lines, the tongue of the bevel may 

 not cant at all the bevelling fpots, exaftly in the direftion 

 wherein the diagonal lines were laid off ; for the diagonal 

 lines at the middle line (fuppofe in the fhcer-plan) are pa- 

 rallel to the upper fide of the keel ; and arc canted down 

 hmilar to the flap of a table, as before obferved ; in which 

 direftion the tongue of the bevel ought to cant, when the 

 bevellings are taken from the diagonal lines. 



The fafhion-pieces are rabbetted on their aft-fides, to re- 

 ceive the planks of the tuck ; but do not take the rabbet lb 

 low down as where it interfefts the poft, but leave it fquare 

 fome inches above it, that the midfhip piece mav be gotten 

 in its length as it rabbets into the polt, and it will alfo leave 

 a better butt for caulking, as fhewn in the body-plan. 



The wing-traiifom mould muft be made to the fine ticked 

 curve d, in the half-breadth plan,^_f. 12. The bevelling of 

 the wing-tranfom will be the fame athwartfhip on the aft- 

 fidc, which bevelling is the rake of the rabbet of the poft a ; 

 and the wing-tranfom is rabbetted at the aft-fide at the 

 lower edge for the planks of the tuck, and at the upper 

 edge for the planks of the lower counter, (if thought 

 proper,) therefore the heels of the Item-timbers fhould be 

 placed as much before the aft-part of the wing-tranfom as 

 the thicknefs of the planks of the lower counter. 



To prevent any error in the true height of the fafhion- 

 pieces, let the firmark e, in the body-plan, ^^. 1 1, be cor- 

 reftly marked on the mould and lide of the ftcrn-poft, fo 



that when the heels of the fafhion-pieces are letting-on the 

 poft, thofe firmarks muft exaftly agree. 



To Lay-off the feveral Parts of the Haid, Plate X. Laylng- 

 of-D. 



The knee, cheeks, rails of the head, and block for the 

 figure, muft be laid off to their full fize on the floor from 

 Plate I., which is the horizontal and thwartfhip view, when 

 the cheeks, rails, &c. are fixed in their places. 



To make the Mould to the Knee of the Head. — The lower 

 part of the knee at the fcarf, as at X, Plate X. Jig. 1, 

 Laying-offY), may be made of fir-board about an inch thick, 

 and up the fore-part of the knee and ftem, as high as the 

 cutting-down and feating of the figure ; but thefe need be 

 no broader than about five inches for lightnefs, as at 39, 39, 

 Jig. I . Then acrofs the mould are faftened battens, which 

 not only keep the mould together, but the manner of 

 fiding tiie knee is expreffed thereby. Thus, take any per- 

 pendicular, as at 24, fg. I , and level out the feveral heights 

 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 ; and at 13 and 17 fet off the half-fiding 

 ot the ftem, ftrikintr a line thereto. Then let fall a perpen- 

 dicular from the fore-fide of the knee at the upper part, as 

 at 25, fg. I, and fet off the half-fiding of the knee at 4, 

 and at 12, and ftrike a line. Strike the lines acrofs the 

 knee of the head, where it is intended to have the upper 

 fide of the battens, as at i, 2, 3, &c. to i2. Then, to de- 

 termine on the fiding of the knee at the fore part, pin a 

 batten from the upper part of the knee round the fore-fide, 

 marking thereon the lines I, 2, 3, &c. Then apply the 

 batten to the perpendicular 2^, fg. I, keeping it fall at 

 the upper end, and mark ou the perpendicular the fpoti 

 I, 2, 3, &c. Then from the perpendicular 1^, fg- i, take 

 the half-fiding at each fpot, and fet them off on their corre- 

 fponding lines at the fore-fide of the knee : proceed in the 

 fame manner for the half-fiding of the ftem at l^,fg. i, and 

 ftrike in the lines as ticked acrois the knee. Then batters 

 being made to thofe lines, and nailed acrofs the mould, the 

 half-fiding of the knee may be readily fet oft at the upper fide 

 of each batten, and the knee, wh?n put together, may be 

 trimmed ftraight from the fore-fide to the ftem or aft-fide of 

 the knee: the cutting-down, as at i, 2, 3, and ^, fg. I, i« 

 fided in the fame manner. 



To mate the Moidd to the Gripe, G,fg. I. — The gripe it 

 only the completion of the knee to the keel, and the mould 

 is made fo fimilar to the knee above as to need no further 

 defcription. 



To make the Moulds to the Cheeks. — The cheeks muft be laid 

 off to their moulded fize on the half-brendth plan,^. 2, as at 

 C, C, to the main half-breadth line, allowing the thicknefs 

 of the plank, as at R, and againil the fide of the knee. 

 Another mould muft be made to the flight of each cheek, in 

 the fheer-plan, ^yf^jf. I, at C, or upper cheek; and L C, the 

 lower cheek, from the heel of the figure Z, to reach as far 

 aft as the cheeks are there fliewn, marking a firmark at 

 the fore-fide of the Item. Then, to mould the cheeks to 

 their proper flight, draw off the knee-arm to the mould 

 made in the half-breadth plan, marking on the piece the fore- 

 lide of the ftem from that mould : then faftciung the fliglit- 

 mould to the knee-arm of the cheek, obferving to keep the 

 firmark well at the fore. fide of the ftem, and keeping the 

 mould parallel to the middle line, let the cheek be trimmed 

 out of winding by the thwartfliip iinej, or lines which are 

 fquare from the mould. Then there is a certainty, when the 

 cheek is throated, no angle will appear in the throat, as 

 there will be fometimes liy the ufual method, particularly 

 in full-bowed fhips, where the llieer fprings more than the 

 flight of the cheeks. When the fide-arm of the cheek is 



trimmed 



