SHIP-BUILDING. 



reft from the half-breadth ^\in,J'g- 2. The beveUinfr for the 

 heel of the timbers may be taken agreeable to the flight of 

 the upper cheek, becaufe the cheek {lands fore and aft ; but 

 it will not anfwer exadly to the other bcvellings agreeable 

 to the flight of the rails in the flieer-plan,/^. i, unlefs they 

 are taken to the hnes of the rails when laid off in the (heer- 

 plan ; and then the bevellings mult be apphcd clofe to the 

 fcores that are trimmed for the cant of the rails. 



To Lay-off the Rails to the Cant in the Sheer- Plan. —The 

 perpendicular lines mud be drawn in the flieer-plan, /-. i, 

 the fame as before, and likewife thofe in the half-breadth plan, 

 fig. 2, anfwerable to them. Let fall a perpendicular from 

 the interfeaion of the upper part of the upper rail N, with 

 the aft-fide of the hair-bracket H, in the fheer-plan, Jg. i, 

 down to the upper rail P, as before canted in the half-breadth 

 plan,/^. 2, to which point the rail muft be fuppofed fixed. 

 Then place a batten to the infide of the rail, as canted in 

 the half-breadth plan,/^. 2, and mark on the batten the 

 perpendiculars as at 12, and the interfettion of the lines 

 I, 2, 3, &c. 



Then in the (heer-plan, /^. I, where the perpendiculars 

 1, 2, 3, &c. interfecl the upper fide of the upper rail, level 

 aft-lines at pleafure, as you there fee ticked ; then place the 

 batten to each level line, marking thereon its correfponding 

 perpendiculars, obferving always to keep the foremoft per- 

 pendicular marked on the batten to the perpendicular Y. 

 This gives the fpots to which a batten pinned will form the 

 upper fide of the upper rail O, and is exaftly anfwerable 

 in form to the upper fide of the rail N, in the half-breadth 

 plan,_^^. 2. While the batten is pinned to the form of the 

 rail, mark thereon the Itations i, 2, 3, &c. ; and when it is 

 ftraight, place it to any perpendicular line, and mark the ex- 

 tremities of the rail, and the fevcral Itations, as at 26, fg. 1 ; 

 then fet off the moulded fize at each end, and ilrike a 

 ilraight line, which will give tlie tapering at every perpen- 

 dicular, and a batten pinned thereto will form the under fide 

 of the rail. 



In the fame manner arc the other rails to be performed 

 in the fheer-plan. The aft-fide of the after-timber being 

 already laid off, and the cant of the middle and lower rails 

 being determined on the half-breadth plan. Jig. 2 ; let fall 

 the perpendiculars 35, 36, where the lines 33, 34, interfedt 

 the aft-part of the hair-bracket H, in the fheer-plan, _yfn-. i, 

 down to the half-breadth plan, ^g. 2, and proceed as 

 above. 



It maybe neceffary to notice here, that when Philel. 

 was engraved, all veflels above a frigate in the royal navy 

 had beak-heads, which mode has lately been difcontinutd : 

 but fuch of our readers as may be defirous of knowing the 

 belt method of laying-ofF the beak-head timbers, are referred 

 to the " Elements and Praftice of Naval Architefture," bv 

 Steel. ^ 



To Lay-ojf the feveral Parts of the Stem. 



To Lay-off the Side Stern-Timher. — The fide fl;ern-timber 

 muft be laid off on the floor, and a mould made to it, fo that 

 when trimmed and put up in its place on the fliip, that is, to 

 the tumbling-home of the fide, it (hould appear as its ticked 

 line in the fhccr-plaH, Plate I. from whence it is transferred 

 to the floor. 



Strike the horizontal lines from the ftern-timber in the 

 ■fheer-plan, Plate VU. Jg. 11. Laying-qf A, to fquare- 

 timber 36, at the wing-tranfom, at the'fide, at the knuckles 

 of the upper and lower counters, at the top-breadth, and at 

 the top-fide. Likewife Ilrike as many between the wing- 

 tranfom and lower counter as may be thought neceflary, 

 that part being the moil critical to obtain the exaft for.il 

 2 



of the timber. Then transfer ihefe horizontal lines to the 

 after-body plan,^^. j, as you fee ticked in the plate, and 

 number them accordingly. Then take oft the half-breadth 

 of each horizontal line in the body-plan, ^^. 5, at every 

 fquare timber, as far forward as timber 28, and transfer them 

 to their correfponding fquare timbers in the lialf-breadth 

 plan, Jig. 6. To thefe fpots pin a batten, and mark the 

 curves, or half-breadths, and continue them as far aft as the 

 flern-timber in the flieer-plan,^!^. 11, and number them in 

 the half-breadth plan. Jig. 6, as in the plate. 



Where the horizontal hnes in the fheer-plan, Jig. 11, in- 

 terfeft the aft-part of the flern-timber, fquare them down, 

 or let fall perpendiculars to their correfponding lines in 

 the half-breadth plan, Jig. 6, as fhewn in the plate. This 

 gives the ending of the after-part of the half-breadth lines. 

 Then take off the half-breadths of the horizontal lines in the 

 half-breadth plan,/^. 6, at their ending, as above-mentioned, 

 and fet them off on their correfponding horizontal lines in 

 the body-plan, ^^. 5. A batten pinned to thofe fpots forms 

 the aft-fide of the flern-timber A, agreeable to the form in 

 the fheer-plan. Bat if thefe half-breadths, when fet off in 

 the body-plan, fhould not make a fair line, then thofe in the 

 half-breadth plan, fig. 6, which feem mod to require it, muft 

 be altered at the after end, till they all correfpond to make 

 a fair line in the body-plan. 



Now fet off the moulded fize of the flern-timber upon 

 each horizontal line, in Jig. it, to which pin a batten, and 

 the fore-fide of the timber will be reprcfented, becaufe the 

 mould is to be made broad enough to be anfwerable to the 

 fore-fide of the timber. 



Then, where the horizontal liner, in the fheer-plan, ^^. 1 1, 

 interfeft the fure-fide of the timber, transfer them to their 

 correfponding lines in the half-breadth Y>\in, Jig. 6, parallel 

 to the other lines, which are ticked down from the aft-fide, 

 and on the half-breadth lines make the fpnts as you fee in 

 tlic plate. Then take the half-breadtli of each horizontal 

 line in the half-breadth plan, Jig. 6, at the fpots laft;-men- 

 tioned, and fet them off on their correfponding horizontal 

 lines in the body-plan, ^^. 5. Pin a batten to thefe fpots, 

 and mark the line B, which is the fore-fide of the timber, 

 agreeable to the line for the fore-fide in the fheer-plan. 



Having in the body-plan. Jig. 1 1, the form of the aft-fide 

 and fore-fide of the ilern-timber, as it appears upon an 

 horizontal view when in its place, it follows next to point 

 out a method to make a mould, in order to mould the tim- 

 ber, fo that it fhall have the fame appearance when it is in 

 its place upon a horizontal view, as it now fhews in the 

 fheer and body-plans. Unlefs there be a method which 

 may be depended upon for theexadl heights of the counters, 

 it can be to no purpofe to defign a view of the Hern, in order 

 to difpofe of the decks, the lights, and all other heights, in 

 fuch a manner, that each part may bear a jufl proportion to 

 the reft. 



Strike the line C in the body-plan, fig. it, the thicknefs 

 of the mould from the fide of the timber, to which place 

 a batten, and keep one end well with the horizontal line at 

 the end of the wing-tranfom, and mark on the batten all the 

 horizontal lines m the body-plan. Then carry the batten 

 to the fheer-plan, _/^. 1 1, and keeping the end of tlie batten 

 well with tlie horizontal line A cf the wing-tranfom at the 

 fide, fet up all the heights on the batten perpendicular, and 

 ftrike them through the ilern-timber parallel to the hori- 

 zontal lines firft Itruck, as you fee in the plate. Where 

 the ticked horizontal lines in the flieer-plan. Jig. 11, firft 

 ftruck interfed the fore-fide and aft-fide of the ilern-timber, 

 fquare them up to the horizonal lines lall ftruck. This 

 will give the fpots, to which a batten pinned will give the 



ticked 



