SHIP-BUILDING. 



ticked lines I and H, to which the mould is to be made. 

 The lafl heights which were fet up are the proper heights 

 X){ the knuckles and horizontal lines to be marked on the 

 mould. 



The ticked lines I, H, in the (heer-plan,^^. 1 1, to which 

 the mould is to be made, are fuppofed to be the (traight 

 line C in the body-plan, ^f. 1 1, (landing fait at the wing- 

 tranfom, and the head lifted up till it Hands perpendicular ; 

 which, if lowered again to the direftion of the ilraight line 

 C, in the body-plan,ySV. 1 1, will appear exaftly the fame as 

 the Itern-timber hrll laid oft in thefheer-plan,^. ii, which 

 is the form of the timber required when .trimmed and in 

 its place. 



In the next place, the mould fhould be fo made, that 

 the (lem-timber fliall be trimmed both ways by this one 

 mould ; that is, to the fhape as it appears in the fheer-plan, 

 Ji^. II ; and likewife to the fore-fide and aft-fide thwartlhip 

 appearance in the body -plan, fi^. 1 1. 



Proceed to make the mould of dry feafoned inch-deal 

 to the ticked lines I, H, Jij;. 1 1, in the (heer-plan, from the 

 upper fide of the wing-tranfom at the fide to the head G ; 

 then, when the mould is in its place, mark on it the upper 

 horizontal lines, in the fame direftion as they are laid off, 

 diltinguilhing them by their proper names on the mould, 

 as the lower counter at D, upper counter at E, heel at A, 

 No. I at B, No. 2 at C, No. 5 at F, and head at G. Then 

 take the dillanoes from the Itraight line C, in the body-plan, 

 ^g. 1 1, to the fore-fide of the ftern-timber B, at every hori- 

 zontal line, and in the direftion of the horizontal lines, and 

 fet them down in figures at the fore-fide of the mould on 

 their correfponding horizontal lines : then proceed in the 

 fame manner, and fet down the diltances or fpilings on the 

 aft-fide of the mould from the lines C and A. But to 

 mould the timber from thofe fpilings requires much trouble, 

 and without great care taken, the ftern-timber will not be 

 exactly moulded. 



Tberi:fore, the moft correft method of finiftiing the mould, 

 and the eaficft in application when moulding the piece, is, 

 inftead of having the fpilings marked on the mould, to have 

 brackets made of |-inch deal, agreeable to the fpilings 

 (dedudling the thicknefs of the mould) at each horizontal 

 line, having their ends at the fore-fide and aft-fide cut ex- 

 aflly fquare from the mould, or their aft-fides may teach 

 to the round-aft ; then faften thofe brackets to the under 

 fide of the mould, keeping the middle of their thicknefs 

 exaftly well with their refpeftive horizontal lines, as they 

 appear ftiaded in the Ihcer-plan, Jig. 1 1, obferving to keep 

 the fide of every bracket in the fame direftion from the 

 mould as the bevel at F, Jig. 1 1, in the body-plan, that is, to 

 the inclination which the Ilraight hne C has from an hori- 

 zontal plane in reprefenting the tumbling-home of the ftern- 

 timber. 



To be more exaft, let the half-thicknefs of the brackets 

 be gauged down to their ends, and the fides chamfered away 

 thereto, which will direft upon the timber, when trimmed, 

 the exaft ftations of the knuckles, and alfo of the horizontal 

 lines. 



The brackets may be fo fixed on either fide, as to mould 

 the tiiTiber for both fides of the (hip. 



The mould, thus made, may lie applied in any direftion 

 in moulding the timber, provided its upper fide is kept 

 Ilraight, and out of winding. Then examine where the 

 timber, in its rough ftate, deviates mod from the under fide 

 of the brackets, and make tliat the general fpiling to be ap- 

 plied from the under fide of the brackets. Wlierever this 

 fpiling muft be applied beyond the brackets, owing to the 

 inequalities of the piece, let a llraight-edged batten, of fuf- 



ficient length, be kept well to the under fide of the bracket ; 

 from which fet down the fpiling required, wherever it may 

 touch the piece. Then by boring holes with a fmall gim- 

 blet, exaftly in the direftion of the gauge-line, at the ends 

 of the brackets, and full as much below the brackets as the 

 general fpiling, you will preferve the exaft moulding of the 

 timber, after the rough wood is fawn off, agreeable to the 

 mould. 



To take the bevellings of the aft-fide of the timber, the 

 round-aft of the ftern at the counters, and top-timber line, 

 mull be laid off thus in the half-breadth plan. Take the 

 dillance from the midfhip to the fide ftern-timber, on a 

 fquare in the ftieer-plan, Plate I., and fet it off upon the 

 middle hne, Plate VII. Jig. 6, abaft its correfponding per- 

 pendicular, as fquared down from the counters, &c. at the 

 fide, fweeping curves to the faid round-aft on a fquare ; 

 then fix the tongue of a bevel to the different round-aft 

 hues, and the ftock parallel to the middle hne will be the 

 bevelling of the round-aft at each place, to be applied fquare 

 from the mould. 



Take the bevelling to cut off the heel from the body-plan, 

 Plate V\\. fg. II, thus: fix the ftock of a bevel to the 

 hne C, and the tongue to the round-up of the wing-tran- 

 fom, as at D ; and apply it over the heel of the mould, 

 when it lies in its proper place, to where the lower bracket 

 itrikes the timber. 



Suppofing the heel of the timber to be carefully trimmed, 

 as above direfted, a thin mould may be made to the feftion 

 of the heel on the wing-tranfom, and the beveUings taken 

 to fay it to the fafttion-piece from the ftcrn-frame, as that is 

 generally in its place before the ftern-timbers are trimmed. 



The bevellings for the round-up of the knuckles of the 

 lower and upper counters may be taken from the body- 

 plan, Plate VII. fg. n, by fixing the ftock of a bevel to 

 the aft-fide of item-timber A, and the tongue to the 

 round-up, as at E, and fo applied from the timber when it 

 is trimmed. 



To Lay-ojf the Stem and Quailer-Galleriet, Plate X. Laying 

 oJD. 



la Plate VII. Laying-of A, the laying-off of the fide 

 ftern-timber to make the mould to, is reprefented in its 

 proper fituation, that the reader might have a clearer idea of 

 the operation. But we are not to fuppnfe that any mould- 

 loft is broad enough to admit of the ftern to be laid off in 

 that manner ; neither would it appear clear enough, if laid 

 off in the body-plan. 



Therefore, in fome convenient part of the floor, lay off 

 the horizontal (or level) view of the ftern, as Plate X. 



fg. 6, from Plate I. ; and likewife the quarter, as far for- 

 ward as timber 32, ^i fg. 4. 



Strike an horizontal line at the upper fide of the wing- 

 tranfom at the middle line, whicli will bo a bafe line to the 

 ftern ; likewife tiie lines 17 and 18 parallel to the bafe line, 

 to interfedt the knuckles of the lower and upper counters, 

 at the fide ftern-timber 33, in /r^. 4 ; continuing them 

 through their refpeftive timbers in fg. 6. Then take the 

 heights from the bafe line, in fg. 4, to the knuckles of the 

 lower and upper counters at the midftiip (tern-timber 32, 

 and fet tliem up the middle line above the bafe line, in_^/. 6. 

 Then fpring the arc of a circle through thofe heiglits in 



fg. 6, and as far as the quarters piojcdl, as B, B, which 

 will be the knuckles of the timbers. Defign the lower 

 and upper counter-rails '\n fg. 4, and (et oft' the projeftion 

 of the plank of each counter, tlnn : ("miaro out a line from 

 the knuckle of each counter of the mid(hip-timber 32, as a 

 and b> and draw the thicknefs of the plank of each counter 

 ^E 2 parallel 



