SHIP-BUILDING. 



parallel to the timber, whicli gives the under fide of the 

 rails ; then transfer the upper and under fides of thofe rails 

 from fg. 4, to the middle line, Jig. 6, and defcribe parallel 

 curves to the knuckles 42 and 43 ; and the upper counter- 

 rail B, and lower counter-rail A, will be alfo reprefented 

 in the plan of the itern,/_j. 6, and that will fhew how 

 much the fight-part of the rails will be on a level view 

 below the knuckles of the timbers. 



But the round-up and round-aft of the counter-rails, to 

 make the moulds to for trimming the rails, mult be laid off 

 on a fquare, thus : from the fore-fide of the rails at the mid- 

 fliip-timber 34, in/^. 4, fquare in a line from the knuckle to 

 touch the fide-timber 33 ; then take the diftance from the 

 knuckle of the upper counter from the midfiiip-timbcr 32, 

 to the fide-timber 33, in the direiftion of the above fquare 

 line, and fet it off from any llraight line, as A A, at C C, 

 Jig. 9, which is the knuckle or breadth of the upper 

 counter, fquared down from Jig. 6. Then fpring the arc 

 B B, which is the round-aft of the upper counter, on a 

 fquare. 



Next take the dillance from the knuckle of the upper 

 counter, at the fide-timber 33, to the Ime fquared in from 

 the knuckle of the midfhip-timber, and fet it off as before 

 at C C, above the line A A, fg. 9, and fpring another 

 arc, which will be the round-up of the upper counter, on a 

 fquare. Proceed in the fame manner with the lower coun- 

 ter, and we fhall have both rails laid off to the round-up 

 and round-aft on a fquare. 



This is the beft way to make the moulds for the round 

 of the rails ; becaufe if the rails were cut out of a fnying 

 plank, or piece of thick-ftnff, the round-up would be the 

 fame ; that when put in the boiler, and fet to the round-aft, 

 they would then have their proper round-up on a level 

 view ; or, were they cut out of a fmall piece of timber, it 

 would anfwer the fame purpofe, and be moil expeditious 

 and exaft. 



The counter-rails may be cut out of a ftraight piece of 

 timber, without kilning them, as they are apt^to fly after 

 that procefs, thus : take the round-up and round-aft to- 

 gether, that is, from the knuckle of the fide-timber to the 

 knuckle of the midfhip-timber, and fpring an arc thereto, 

 as before ; then when the rails are trimmed to the Iheer, 

 and the fore-fide canted to the timber, they will exaftly 

 conform to the round-up and round-aft, when put in their 

 places. 



Having the round-up of the lower and upper counter- 

 rails in Jg. 6, and continued them far enough out for the 

 projeftion of the quarter-galleries, round up the quarter- 

 deck in the ftern, agreeable to the upper counter-rail, in 

 the following manner : take the height from the upper 

 counter-rail, in^^. 6, to the quarter-deck, in the direftion 

 of the fide -timber at the infide ; and fet it up the middle 

 line of the ftern. This makes the quarter-deck round more 

 than the upper counter-rail, and adds life to the ftern ; for 

 the upper part of the lights in the ftern fhould be parallel 

 to the tranfom. And if they were to round by the fame 

 mould as the upper counter-rail, the bars in the faflies next 

 the fide would be longer than thofe in the middle line, and 

 would appear as if the top of the lights rounded lefs than 

 the upper counter-rail. In the fame manner difpofe of the 

 round of the poop, or round-houfe. 



This fhould determine the round of the decks abaft ; and 

 the beams of thofe decks, as they approach aft in Jg. 4, 

 mult be gradually increafed in their round-up, to coVrefpond 

 with the tranfom. 



Obferve that the above lines, in Jg. 6, for the quarter- 

 deck, (hew the round of the deck at the flern-timbers, 



without conCdering at prefent the projeftion of the bal- 



cony. 



Set off withinfide of the Item-timber, in Jg. 6, the 

 thicknefs of the clamp, and the projedion of the cornice in 

 the cabin, and let that be the fide of the light. Then de- 

 termine on the breadth of the munions, allowing fufficient 

 for the weights and pulley-pieces, and divide the other lights 

 equally. Set off likewife the mock-hght in the aft-part of a: 

 the quarter-nallerv, the fame fize as the reft. About half 

 the breadth of the munions from the mock-light, place the 

 infide of the quarter-piece ; then determine on the breadth 

 of the quarter-piece at the heel. About the middle of the 

 quarter-piece pl.icethe outfide of the gallery, which deter- 

 mines the outfide of the gallery on the quarters, fig. 4. 

 Having the breadtli of the lower part of the lights in the 

 clear, let the depth be one-third more than the breadth at 

 the lower part ; fet off upon the rake of the llern-timbers, 

 in _/ff. 4, and transfer that to Jg. 6, which makes a good 

 proportional light. But obferve, between the upper coun- 

 ter-rail and the lights mutt be room allowed for the lalh-fiUs, 

 and about one inch and a half between their heads and the 

 tranfom above. Then determine on the out-bounds of the 

 taffrail and quarter-pieces, and lower finilbing. 



Next difpofe of the quarter-galiery ^v\Jg. 4, fhewing the 

 out-lines of the quarter-piece and taffrail, thus : let fall a 

 perpendicular from the knuckles of the lower and upper 

 counters of the midfhip-timbers, mjg. 4, as you fee ticked 

 and numbered 14 and 15 ; then where the horizontal lines 

 17 and 18, from the knuckles of the fide-timber, interfeft 

 the perpendiculars 14 and 15, take thofe diltances, and fet 

 them off" from the knuckles of the fide-timljer, in Jg. 6, 

 doivn the perpendiculars, c,c,f,f; from thence fpring the 

 arcs 24, 24, and 26, 26, to touch the horizontal lines 17 

 and 18, at the middle line, which are called rown,'/ _/brK.'ar(/ 

 on a level. Then will the ticked curves 24, 24, and 26, 26, 

 be anfwerable to the ticked perpendiculars 14, 15, which 

 fall from the knuckles of the midfliip-timber in Jg. 4. 



Take the heights from the bafe-line, in Jg. 6, to the 

 knuckles of each counter, at the outfide of the gallery, at 

 the ticked perpendiculars d and e, and fet them up from the 

 bafe line in Jg. 4, ftriking the ticked horizontal lines c 

 and i/. Then from the horizontal ticked lines 17 and 18, 

 in Jg. 6, take the length of the perpendiculars d and e, to 

 where they interfedt the ticked curves 24 and 26, or round 

 forward on a level, and fet them off forward from the per- 

 pendiculars 14 and 15, in jff. 4, on the horizontal lines c 

 and d refpedtively, vchich will give the exact knuckles at 

 the timbers, in Jg. 4, at the outfide of the gallery. Then 

 take the heights of tiie ends of the rails from, the bafe line at 

 A and B, fig. 6, and fet them off from the bafe line in 

 Jg. 4, at the knuckles of the timbers latt mentioned, and 

 continue them forward, agreeable to the filter of the fhip. 

 This will give the exaft heights of the lower and fecond 

 counter-rails, as they will appear on the fhip, if the work 

 be conformable to the floor. 



To Lay-off the Foot-Rail oj the Balcony. 



Here we may again repeat the obfer»ation, which was made 

 about laying-off the beak-head timber, that fince Plate I. 

 was engraved, the fterns of all fhips of the hne are now con- 

 tinued upwards to the round-aft of the fecond counter-rail, 

 without any balcony, as they are much ftronger fo, and 

 more ufeful, if guns are wanted to be ufed right-aft occa- 

 fionally. Neverthelefs, fhips of 50 guns have at prefent a 

 balcony or walk in the ftern. 



To underftand the exaft form of the balcony-rails, as 

 they appear in the Iheer-plan, and likewife in the plan of the 



iterO) 



