S H I 



S H I 



length is run down through the holes of the braces. Now 

 mark the upper fides of the braces correftly on the ftaff 

 with a pencil, or both under and upper fides will be belt. 

 Then mark on the ftaff the upper fide of the wing-tranfom, 

 and the under fide of the deck-tranfom above ; alfo the 

 upper fide of the deck ; and, laltly, the under fide of the 

 keel. Next apply the llaff on the fore-fide of the rudder, 

 and exaftly mark off the upper fides of the braces in the 

 middle line, likewife the tranfoms and deck. Then fquare 

 down, from the fore-fide of the rudder, the upper fide of 

 each brace, which, it may be oblerved, is the under fide of 

 the pintles. Now fet upwards the breadth of the ftraps of 

 the pintles, and the fcorcs may be taken out till their 

 crowns come flufh with the bearding, and the middle of the 

 pintles ranges well with the middle line : thin copper is 

 drelt in the fcores under the pintles. Scores or throatings 

 are then gouged out, under the pintles, fufficiently large 

 for hanging the rudder, which may be formed by a piece 

 of fiieet-lead made to the crown of each brace, and tra- 

 vcrfed round its refpeftive pintle. Let there be fufficient 

 room in the fcores to allow for the (heathing ; and that the 

 rudder may hang eafily, all the fcores muft be made to the 

 length of the lower one ; that pintle being two inches longer 

 than the others. The fcore neareft the load water-line is 



pened on one fide to fit in the wood-lock, which prevents 

 Jiie rudder from unlhipping. Ships built in the North have 

 the pintles put into the braces, and the rudder put together 

 in that fituation, fo that it cannot be unhung until throat- 

 ings are cut to clear it of the braces. 



After the braces are let on to the ftern-polt, it is beft to 

 'ry all the pintles in them, and fee that they work eafily in 



he braces, and fquare from the ftern-polt. Then their 

 upper fides may be marked on the ftern-poft, and fet off on 

 thg rudder, as before direfted, without the poliibility of 

 error. 



The head, if not round-headed, is thirded and bearded 

 liack about three-quarters of an inch, and the edges taken 

 (iff to a bold round. The holes for the tiUers may now be 

 cut through the lower hole three inches clear of each tran- 

 fom, and the lower part of the upper hole three inches clear 

 of the deck : laftly, the head-hoops may be driven on. 



Amongft other ufefnl machines for drawing bolts out of 

 fliips (fee Bolts), the following was invented by Mr. 

 William Hill. See Tranfaclions of the Society for the 

 Encouragement of Arts, &c. vol. x. 



" Firll, The ufe of this machine is to draw the keellon 

 and dead-wood bolts out, and to draw the knee of the head 

 bolts. Secondly, The heads of the kcclfon bolts heretofore 

 were all obliged to be driven through the keelfon, floor- 

 timbers, and keel, to get them out : by this means the 

 keelfon is often entirely ruined, and the large hole the head 

 makes materially wounds the floors ; and frequently, when 

 the bolt is much corroded, it fcarfs, and the bolt comes 

 out of the fide of the keel. Thirdly, The dead-wood bolts, 

 that are driven with two drifts, are feldom or never got out, 

 by which means the dead-wood is condemned, when fome 

 ot it is rc.iUy forviceablc. Fourtlily, In driving the knee 

 of the head bolts, fometimes the knee ftarts off, and cannot 

 be got to again, but is furred up ; but with this machine it 

 may be drawn to again." 



Ill Plate XIV. Ship-building, Jig. 3, A, A reprefent two 

 llrong male fcrews,- working in female fcrews, near the ex- 

 tremitieii of the cheeks, againft plates of iron, E, E. CC 

 is the bolt to be drawn, which, being held between the 

 chaps of the machine at D D, is, by turning the fcrews by 

 the lever B, forced out of its hold. F, F are two dogs, 

 with hooks at their lower extremities, which, being driven 



nto the plank, ferve to fupport the machine till the chaps 



hare got faft hold of the bolt. At the upper part of thefir 

 dogs are rings paffing through holes in a collar, msveablt* 

 near the heads of the fcrews. 



Fig. 4. is a view of the upper fides of the cheeks, when 

 joined together ; a, a, the holes in which the fcrews work ; 

 b, the chaps by which the bolts are drawn. Fig. 5, th» 

 under fide of the cheeks ; a, a, the holes in which the fcrew* 

 work ; b, the chaps by which the bolts are drawn, and where 

 the teeth that gripe the bolt are more diftinclly (hewn. 

 Fig. 6, one of the cheeks feparated from the other, the 

 letters referring, as in Jigs. 4 and 5. 



SHIPFUND, Shippond, or Schijpfund, in Commera, 

 a large weight in Holland, Germany, Denmark, and Swe- 

 den, containing a diff^erent number of pounds in different 

 places. At Amfterdam the ftiippond contains 3 centners, 

 20 lyfponds, 37^ ileen or ftones, and 300 lbs. A lyfpond 

 is 15 lbs., and a ftone 8 lbs. At Berlin a (hip-laft contains 

 1 2 fhipfunds, each of 20 lyfponds, or 280 lbs. ; in al) 

 3360 lbs. : but a laft of fait is 3260 lbs. At Hamburgh 

 a fliipfund contains 25 centners, 20 lyfponds, or 280 lbs. : 

 a lyfpond is 14 lbs., and a centner 112 lbs. Hamburgh 

 weight. At Copenhagen the fhippond contains 3 J- centners, 

 20 lyfponds, or 320 lbs. ; a lyfpond is 1 6 lbs., and a centner 

 loi lbs. 



SHIPLEY, JoxATHAX, in Biography, an Englifli pre- 

 late, was born in the year 17 14, and was educated at Chrift- 

 church, Oxford, where he wrote fome verfes on the death 

 of queen Carohne ; and in 1738 he took his degree of M. A. 

 Soon after this he entered into holy orders, and obtained a 

 living. In the year 1743 he was inftalled prebendary of 

 Winchefter, and in 1748 appointed chaplain to the duke of 

 Cumberland, whom he accompanied abroad. In 1749 he 

 became canon of Chrift-church, and in 1760 dean of Win- 

 chefter. In 1769 he was advanced to the bifhopric of St. 

 Afaph. He died in 178S. He was author of poems, and 

 fermons on public occafions. 



SHIP-MONEY, an impofition which was anciently 

 charged upon the ports, towns, cities, boroughs, and 

 counties of the realm ; by writs commonly called Jhip "writs, 

 under the great feal of England, for the providing and fur- 

 niihing certain fliips for the king's fervice. 



This impofition wa^ revived by king Charles I. in the 

 years 1635 and 1636; but by ftat. 17 Car. I. it was de- 

 clared to be contrary to the laws and Itatutes of the realm, 

 claim of right, liberty of the fubjeft, &c. 



SHIPPANDSTOWN, in Geography, a town of Vir- 

 ginia, on the foutli fide of the Patowmack ; 40 or 50 miles 

 from Alexandria. 



SHIPPENSBURGH, a poft-town of Pennfylvania, in 

 Cumberland county, on a branch of Conadogwinnet creek, 

 which difcharges itfelf into the Sufquehannah ; containing 

 about 200 houlcs, ciiicfly built of ftone, 1159 inhabitants, 

 and three ineetiiig-houfee, one for Secedere, one German, 

 and one Methodift. It derives its name from its proprietor 

 John Shippen, efq. of Philadelphia, who leafed out the place 

 in fmall huufe-lots on ground-rents from two to four dollars 

 a year ; 146 miles W. of Philadelphia. 



SHIPPER, Skipper, or Schipprr, a Dutch term, fig- 

 nifying the nuiUer of a ftiip. 



We alfo ufe the word, popularly, for any common fen- 

 man. 



SHIPPIGAN Island, in Geography, an idand in the 

 gulf of St. Lawrence, on the fouth fide of Clialeur bay, 

 S.W. of, and feparated by a narrow channel from, Mifcow 

 ifland. 



SHIPPING denotes a muhitude of vclfel.s. 



SHIP-SHAPE, in Sea Language, denotes the fafliion 



of a ftiip, or the manner of an expert failor : thus, they 



4F 2 fay, 



