S H O 



S H O 



as; knew not even the ufeof tobacco ; nor was any foreign 

 article feen in their poffeffion, unlefs a knife may be confi- 

 dered as fuch. This indeed was no more than a piece of 

 common iron fitted into a wooden handle. They however 

 knew the value and ule of this initrument fo well, that it 

 feemed to be the only article they wiflied for. Moil of them 

 had their hair (haved or cut (hort off, leaving only a few 

 locks behind, or on one fide. As a covering for the head 

 they wore a hood of ftins, and a bonnet apparently of wood. 

 One part of their drefs was a kind of girdle, very neatly 

 made of Ikin, with trappings depending from it, and pafling 

 jL'tvvcen the legs, fo as to conceal the adjoining parts. By 

 ".he ufe of fuch a girdle, it fhould feem that they fometimes 

 go naked, even in this high latitude, for they hardly wear 

 it under their own clothing. The canoes were made of 

 ftins, like all the others we had lately feen ; except that 

 thefe were broader, and the hole in which the man fits was 

 wider than in any I had before met with." N. lat. 60°. 

 E. long. 198^ 12'. 



SHOALS, IJles of, or, as they were formerly called. 

 Smith's Iflands, a group of fmall iflands, fituated on the 

 coait of New Hampfhire, in America. The line that divides 

 the diftrift of Maine from New Hampfhire pafTes between 

 thefe iflands, leaving part in one of thefe itates and part in 

 another. They contain about 140 poor fifhermen, who are 

 fupplied with a religious teacher by the fociety for propa- 

 gating the gofpel. They have a meeting-houfe, which ferves 

 as a landmark for feamen, and a parfonage-houfe, erefted by 

 charity. Thefe iflands confiil chiefly of a barren rock, with 

 little foil. N. lat. 42° 59'. W. long. 70° 33'. 



SHOAL-WATER Bay, a bay on the N.E.coad of 

 New Holland, W. of Cape Townfliend. — Alfo, a bay on 

 the W. coail of North America. N. lat. 46° 50'. W. 

 long. 124° 10' 



SHOAR, or Shore, a prop, or counterfort, fet up to 

 fupport any thing of weight which leans on one fide- See 

 Buttress. 



Shoars, or Shores, in Shlp-builJing, are fir-baulks, 

 fpars, or pieces of timber, fixed under the ribbands, or 

 againft the fides and bottom of the (hip, to prop or fupport 

 her whilfl building or repairing. 



SHOBA, in Geography, a town of fome note in Africa, 

 in the kingdom of Dar-fur; 42 miles or 2^ days' journey 

 W.S.W. of Cobbe. This place is faid to hi well fupplied 

 with water, and has near it fome chali<-pits, which, when Mr. 

 Browne vifited them, were almolt exhaulled for the purpofc 

 of adorning the royal refidence, L'.nd lome others, with a 

 kind of white-walh. In Shoba refide fome Jolabs ; the 

 reft of the people are Ferians, and occupied in other pur- 

 fuits. 



SHOCK, or ScHOCK, in Commerce, a German word 

 txpreffing 60 pieces. 



SHOE, in Geofiraphy, a fmall ifland in the Pacific ocean, 

 near the coaft of Waygoo. S. lat. o" i'. E. long. 130° 53'. 



Shoe Indians, Indians of North America, in an ifland of 

 lake Miiiouri. N. lat. 48" 15'. E. long. 105° 45'. 



Shoe, a covering for the foot, ufually of leather. 



Its ftrufture, though the objedl of a particular art, is too 

 popular to need explaining. 



Its hillory is more obfcure. Bend. Baudoin, a flioe-maker 

 by profeflion, has a learned trcatife of tlie ancient flioe, " De 

 . Solea Veterum," where the origin, matter, form, &c. there- 

 of, are particularly inquired into. 



Baudoin maintains, that God, in giving Adam fkins of 

 beafts to clothe him, did not leave him to go bare-footed, 

 bul^gave him (hoes of the fame matter ; that, after raw (kins, 

 iBcn came to make their (hoes of ruflies, broom, paper, flax, 



filk, wood, iron, filver, and gold; io diiTerent has their 

 matter been. Nor was their form more liable, with regard 

 either to the fliape, colour, or ornaments ; they have been 

 fquare, high, low, long, and quite even, cut, carved, &c. 

 Pliny, lib. vii. c. 56, tells us, that one Tychius, of Bceotia, 

 was the firft who ufed (lioes. 



M. Nilant, in his remarks on Baudoin, obferves, that he 

 quotes Xenophon wrongly, to fliew that even in his time 

 they Hill wore (hoes of raw flcins. 



Xenophon relates, that the ten thoufand Greeks, who had 

 followed the young Cyrus, wanting flioes in their retreat, 

 were forced to cover tfieir feet with raw (l<ins, which occa- 

 fioned them great inconveniencies. 



Nilant will not even allow, that the flioes of the country 

 people, called carbatimt, and peronete, were of crude fl<in, 

 without any preparation. 



The patricians, among the Romans, wore an ivory crefcent 

 on their flioes : Hehogabalus had his fhoes covered over with 

 a very white linen, in conformity to the priells of the fun, for 

 whom he profefled a very high veneration ; this kind of (hoe 

 was called adS-, udo, or odo. Caligula wore (hoes enriched 

 with precious ftones. The Indians, hke the Egyptians, 

 wore flioes made of the bark of the papyrus. The Turks 

 always put off their flioes, and leave them at the doors of 

 the mofques. 



Shoes made by rivetting injlead of fewing. A patent 

 was taken out for this invention in 1809, by Mr. David 

 Mead Randolph, an American. In his fpecification, he de- 

 fcribes that the rivetting which he propofes to fubftitute for 

 fewing, is only applicable to the foles and heels of boots or 

 flioes, all the other parts being made in the ufual manner. 

 The lajl which is ufed for this method is the only implement 

 which demands a particular defcription. It is firlt made in 

 wood, of the fame figure as the common lad, and adjufted in 

 the ufual manner to the fize and fliape of the (hoe which is 

 intended to be made or put together upon it. The lower 

 part or fole of the lall is then covered with a plate of iron or 

 ileel, about the fame thicknefs as a (lout fole leather: this plate, 

 being formed to the exaft (hape which is dcfired, is fadened 

 down upon the wood by fcrews or rivets. The iron plate 

 has three circular holes made through it, one at the toe, an- 

 other about half way between the toe and the heel, and a 

 third at the heel : the Iioles are about an inch in diameter, 

 and being filled up with wooden plugs, and cut down even 

 with the furface of the iron, they will admit the points of 

 temporary nails to be driven through the leather iole to pe- 

 netrate into the wood, and fix the fole upon the lall whillt 

 the work goes on. 



The making of the flioe is condudled in the ufual manner, 

 until it is ready for putting on the lall. To do this, the inner 

 fole is put upon the iron fole of the laft ; then the upper- 

 leathers are put upon the oppofite part, and the edges of the 

 leather are turned down over the edges of the inner fole : the 

 outer fole is then applied over the turning-down, and fallened 

 in a temporary manner upon the lall, by driving one or two 

 nails, tlirougii both foles, into the wooden plug^i bciorc men- 

 tioned, which fill up the holes in the iron face of the lail. 

 Now, to unite the two foles to the upper-leathers, holes are 

 pierced all round tlie edgrs of the fole, and fmall nails are 

 driven in, which are of fiilficient length to penetrate tiinnigh 

 the fole and the turning-in of tiic upper-leathers, and 

 alfo through the inner fole, fo as to reach the metal face 

 of the la(i, and being forcibly driven, their points will 

 be turned by the iron, fo as to clench withinfide, or rivet 

 through the leather, and ferve inflead of the fcwing or ditch- 

 ing commonly employed to unite xhr lolc to the ujiper- 

 leathers. 



Shoes 



