SHOES. 



The nailing Machine for long Nails. — This is made exaAly 

 the fame as the punching machine before defcribed, but with 

 additional apparatus to fupply the nails, and put them into 

 the holes. Thus it has a vertical column, with a table and two 

 projefting arms to fupport the perpendicular Aider, which is 

 caufed to dcfcend when the foot is applied upon the treadle, 

 'and to rc-aicend by the aftion of the counter-weight. The 

 piercer at the lower end is not (harp-pointed, not being in- 

 tended to penetrate the leather, but only to force the nails 

 into the holes previoufly pierced by the preceding opera- 

 tion. The additional parts are as follow : a circular plate, 

 or wheel of brafs, about nine inches diameter, and of a 

 thicknefs nearly equal to the length of the nails ; it is per- 

 forated with a great number of holes, to contain the fame 

 number of nails ; the holes being made round its circum- 

 ference, as clofe together as convcflient, and arranged in 

 four circles, one within the other. The interior fpace 

 within the circle? is formed with fix arms, like a wheel ; and 

 in the centre is a hole, which fits loofely upon an upright 

 centre pin, {landing in the centre of a fmall circular table, 

 which is fixed fideways to the upper of the two arms, which, 

 as before mentioned, projeft from the vertical column of 

 the machine, and fuftain the upper end of the perpendicular 

 Aider. Upon this circular table the wheel is fupported in 

 a horizontal pofition, at the height of i8 or 20 inches 

 above the table on which the leather is placed, and with 

 liberty to turn upon its centre pin. The wheel is filled 

 with nails when it is ufed, one being put into every hole 

 of its circumference, with the points downwards ; and the 

 holes are fufficiently large to let the nails drop through the 

 wheel, except when their points reft upon the circular table 

 which fupports the wheel. At one part of the circum- 

 ference of this table an opening is cut through it, and a 

 fmall tube defcends from it, to conduft a nail down to the 

 point of the piercer. The motion of the wheel upon its 

 centre brings the nails fucceffively over the opening or mouth 

 of the tube ; and therefore each nail, in its turn, drops by 

 its weight through the hole in the wheel into the tube, 

 which is made fo fmall, that the nail mull defcend with its 

 point downwards, and fall into a fmall cell, fo fituated that 

 the nail will ftand exaftly beneath the point of the piercer, 

 when the fame is at its higheft pofition. Bat when the 

 piercer is deprefled by the aftion of the treadle, its point 

 will aft upon the head of the nail, and force it down 

 through the cell into the leather placed upon the table of 

 the machine ; the hole in the leather having been previoufly 

 pierced by the punching machine. The cell which receives 

 the nail is very ingenioufiy contrived to hold it in a per- 

 pendicular dircftion, beneath the end of the piercer. It is 

 fituated immediately above the leather, and is conical within, 

 fo that the nail drops down into it until it becomes fixed 

 fall ; but when the ii.iil is to be forced down by the pierciir, 

 the cell opens in two halves, being formed by notches in 

 two pieces of flcel, which are only held together by being 

 fcrewed together at one end, and are made fo thin as to 

 fpring together, and form a cell for the reception of the nail, 

 although they will readily feparate when the piercer forces 

 down the nail. It is during the afcent of the piercer that 

 another nail is dropped down from the wheel through the 

 tube, and received into the cell, whilit its two halves are 

 ftill kept open by the piercer ; or rather as the piercer at 

 this moment occupies the interior of the cell, the nail is re- 

 ceived in the fpace, or open joint, at which the two halves of 

 the cell feparate, I'o that the nail lies clofe by the fide of the 

 piercer. But when the piercer has rifen up completely out 

 of the cell, its two halves fpring together, and the joint in 

 which the nail is placed being formed with faces inclining 



inwards, they throw the nail into the cell itfelf, in which it 

 drops down till it llicks faft ; becaufe, as before ftated, the 

 cell is fmaller at the bottom ; and in this fituation the nail 

 is certain to be held perpendicular, with its head under the 

 point of the piercer. 



To turn the wheel round, fo as to fupply a frefti nail 

 every time that one has been put into the leather, the edge 

 of the wheel is cut into ferrated or Hoping teeth ; the num. 

 ber of teeth being equal to the number of holes made in each 

 of the four circles to contain the nails. A fmall detent 

 or click takes into thefe teeth by a hook, fo that it will 

 turn the wheel when moved in one dircftion, but Aide over 

 the teeth when moved in the other direftion. The click is 

 jointed to a fhort lever, fixed upon the upper end of an up- 

 right axis, which pafies down through the two projefting 

 arms of the main column, fo as to be very near the per- 

 pendicular nider ; and a (hort lever, fixed to this axis, bears, 

 by the aftion of a fpring, againft a wedge fixed to the Aider. 

 The aftion of this mcchanifm is to turn the wheel round one 

 tooth at a time : thus, when the Aider defcends, its wedge 

 forces the end of the fhort lever farther awa'y from it ; this 

 movement is communicated by the upright axis and upper 

 lever to the click, which flides over the Hoping fides of the 

 teeth of the wiieel ; but on the re-afcent of the Aider, the 

 wedge allows the lever and click to return by the aftion of 

 a fpring, and the hook of the click, having caught a tooth 

 of the wheel, will turn the wheel round the fpace of one 

 tooth. In this manner, at every defcent of the Aider the 

 click engages a frefh tooth of the wheel ; and at every 

 afcent, the wheel is turned round upon its centre pin ; the 

 weight of the wheel, reding upon the flat circular table, 

 being fufficient to retain it as it is placed. 



The nailing machine afts with the fame rapidity as the 

 other machines, to put a nail into every one of the holes 

 previouAy made ; and for this purpofe the leather is kept 

 upon the fame pattern by which thofe holes were pierced, 

 not only for the purpofe of placing the leather fo that the 

 nails fliall be inferted into thofe holes, but that the thicknefs 

 of the pattern may allow the nails to penetrate and projeft 

 through the leather on the under fide. When the nails are 

 all put in, they are beat down with a hammer, to drive all 

 the heads to a level with the furface. The leather is then 

 feparated from the pattern, and put into a frame called 



The luehing Stand. — This machine is a fmall fquare table 

 of cait-iron, fixed on the top of a pedeital, in which it is 

 capable of turning round, for the convenience of the work- 

 man, and to enable him to work at the diflerent fides, as he 

 remains featcd before the table. An iron frame is con- 

 neftcd with the table by hinges at one fide, fo that it can 

 be lifted up or turned down, to lie fl,it upon the furface of 

 the table ; and in this fituation it can be faftcned down by 

 means of a fimple clamp. This frame is intended to hold 

 faft the leather which is placed beneath the frame : the in- 

 terior opening of the iron frame is nearly of the fame fizc and 

 Aiape as the lole of the fhoe. The fole is placed flat upon 

 the table, in the proper pofition, which is determined by 

 two gauge pins fixed into the table, and entering the holoa 

 made in the fole ; then the iron frame being turned down 

 upon the leather, will inclofc the fole as it were with an iron 

 hoop, or railed border, all round the edge ; and the frame 

 being clamped faft down, the fole is confined, as if lying 

 in the bottom of a cell of iron, of the fame figure as itlelf, 

 and with the nail points projefting upwards from the fole. 

 In tliis frame the welt is applied, by laying the drip of leather 

 upon the edge of the fole in contaft with the infide of the 

 iron frame, and bending it to follow the curves of the out- 

 line of the fole. As faft as any part of the length of the 

 4G 2 ftrip 



