S H R 



S H R 



SHROVE-TIDE, the time immediately before Lent ; 

 thus called by our anceftors, becaufe employed in firiv'tng, 

 that is, in confelTnig their fins to the pried, in order to a 

 more devout keeping of the enfuing Lent fait. 



Shrove-Tuefday is the day next before the firft of Lent. 



SHROWDING of Trees, the cutting or lopping off the 

 top branches : this is only praftifed to trees that are not 

 fit for timber, but defigned for fuel, or feme other prefent 

 ufe. 



Such trees the hufbandmen find much preferable to coppice, 

 as they need no fence to fecure them ; becaufe they iland in no 

 danger from the browfings and rubbings of cattle, which too 

 have the benefit of grazing under them. 



As for the time of fhrowding, it is not to be praflifed 

 till the trees have Hood three or four years ; and then it mult 

 be done cither at the beginning of the fpring, or the end of 

 autumn. 



Thofe of the harder fort are not to be lopped above once in 

 ten or twelve years, and that at any time in the winter. The 

 pithy and foft woods are bed fhrowded in the fpring. The 

 Slumps left Ihould always be cut aflope, and fmooth, in order 

 to call the water off, and prevent its finking in, and rotting 

 the tree. 



SHROWDS, or Shrouds, in Sea Language, are great 

 ropes in a (hip, which go up on both fides of all mails, ex- 

 cept the bowfprit. 



The flirouds are always divided into pairs, l. e. one piece of 

 rope is do\ibled, and the two parts fattened together at a 

 fmall diftance from the middle, fo as to leave a fort of noofe 

 or collar to fix upon the mad-head. 



They are faltened below by chains to the fhip's fides, and 

 aloft, over the head of the mad ; their pennants, fore-tackle, 

 and fwifters, being fird put under them : and they are ferved 

 there, to prevent their galling the mad. The top-mail 

 flirouds are fadened to the puttocks, by plates of iron, and 

 by what they call dead-men's eyes, and laniers alfo, as the 

 others are. See Puttocks. 



The flirouds, as well as the fails, are denominated from 

 the mad to which they belong. Thus they are the main, 

 fore, and mi/en flirouds, the main-topmad, fore-topmad, 

 or mizen-topmad flirouds, and main-top-gallant, fore-top- 

 gallant, or mizcn-top-gallant flirouds. 



The number of flirouds by which a mad is fudaincd, as 

 well as the fize of the rope of which they are formed, is 

 always in proportion to the fize of the mad, and the weight 

 of the fail it is intended to carry. The two fore-mad 

 flirouds, on the ilarboard and larboard fide of the fliip, are 

 always fitted fird upon the mad-head ; and then the lecond 

 on the (larboard, and the fccond on the larboard, and fo on 

 till the whole number is fixed. 



The intention of this arrangement is to brace the yards 

 with greater facility, when the (ails arc clofe-hauled, which 

 could not be performed without great dilTiculty, if the fore- 

 mad (hrouds were lad fitted on the mad -head, becaufe the 

 angle which they would make with the mail would then be 

 greatly increafed. Falconer. 



liniufjjnl (hroud-! are thofe which fupport the bowiprit. 

 BumL'in (hrouds are thofe which fupport the bumkin. Ful- 

 tocL (hrouds are thofe which ronnedt tlie efforts of the top- 

 mad flirouds with the lower flirouds. Benlinck (hrouds are 

 additional flirouds to fupport the mads in lieavy gales. 

 Preventer (hrouds are fimilar to Bcntinck (hrouds, and arc 

 \jfed in bad weather to eafe the lower rigging. 



The terms are, enfe the Jlirouds ; that is, flackcn them. 



Set taught the Jlirouds ; that is, fet ihcni fader. 



SmtowD Trucks. See Trucks. 



SlinOWD Stoppers. See STOPPERS. 



2 



SHRUBS, in Botany and Vegetable Phyftohgy, are com- 

 monly underdood to be plants with a perennial woody ftem, 

 of a more humble or flender form of growth than trees. 

 Linnajus once attempted to define the limits between trees 

 and flirubs, by the former having leaf-buds, the latter none ; 

 but this didin£tion was foon found to be of no avail. Trees 

 of hot countries have generally no buds, while many very 

 humble (hrubs of cold ones arc furniflicd with this protec- 

 tion. This is fo obvious, in Willows for example, that 

 Linnxus probably only meant to apply the rule generically. 

 Thus the whole genus of Salis liaving buds, and being 

 modly arboreous, every fpecies of that genus, however di- 

 minutive, mud be deemed a tree. Accordingly, 5. her- 

 hacea, hardly an inch higli, is termed in the Flora Lapponica, 

 the lead of all trees. But the (hrubby genus Lonicera has 

 Hill more elaborate buds than Salts. 



SiiRun, in Gardening, a low woody plant of branchy 

 growth and ornamental appearance ; it is fom.ctimes, how- 

 ever, of a large growth and (lature. Shrubs are commonly 

 divided into the evergreen and deciduous kinds ; and they 

 may be fubdivided (till farther into the exotic or tender and 

 the hardy forts, as well as into fuch as are rarely (een or 

 met with, and fuch as are well knovi-n and in common cuU 

 tivation. In the former as well as latter of thele great divi- 

 fions, the plants may likewifc be feparatcd and arranged 

 according to their fizes, forms, modes of growth, colours, 

 and other particulars : in the lad of which, it has been ob- 

 fervcd, there is every fliade between the rnfeus, which is 

 among the lead, and the Bermudian juniper, vvjiich is nearly 

 the larged ; — from the holly, which is llightly tinged with 

 red, to the box, which is of a golden yellow: — in fliape, 

 from the cyprefs, which grows in the form of a fpire, to 

 the daphe tarton raira, wliich forms a globular tnft upon 

 the furface of the ground ; — from the hedera, which fadens 

 itfelf to the wall, to the ai.dromeda and vinca, which recline 

 thcmfelvcs upon the lurface. 



In the latter, the plants are faid to be diverfified in each 

 of thefe particulars, being capable of divifion, as they may 

 be cultivated prnicipally for the beauty of their flowers, as 

 the rhododendron, erica, and many others ; — for the fmell, 

 as the fwoet briar, abfinthoides, cleriodendron, jafminum, 

 and fome others ; — for both thcle qualities, as the rofe. Cape 

 jafminc, and a few more : — or as being grown, in a great 

 mealnre, for the beauty of the leaves, as the acuba, varie- 

 gated holly, elder, and fomc others ; — for the purpofe and 

 appearance of the fruit, as the mefpilus pyracaiitlia and the 

 orange; — for tlie beauty of the whole plant, us the anllote- 

 lia, and fevcral others; — and, lallly, the greated propor- 

 tion for all thefe properties together, as the myrtle, Inuruf- 

 tinus, laurel, and (ome others. Some of thele, however, 

 belong to the former of the above gcner.al divifions or 

 clafles. 



Shrubs arc of very great importance in forming all forts 

 of coUedions in gardens, and other places ; and in orna- 

 mental pleafure-ground works thev conllitute a clafs of ma- 

 terials (if the mod inlereding kind, which cannot be done 

 without. 



In fuch fituations and works they arc arranged, varied, 

 and placed out, in many different ways, fo as to produce 

 the mod pleafing elieft and variety in the particular inten- 

 tions with which they are planted or fet out. See Simuii- 

 nr.nY. 



It has been oblerved by Mr. London, in his work on 

 " Ornamental Gardening," that the evergreen clafs of 

 (hrubs arc deficient in m<id fituations, as well as trees of the 

 fame fort ; but that they deierve to be very generally 

 planted, equally on account of their uncommon beauty in 



the 



