S H R 



the winter feafon, as for their contraft with the yellow and 

 ruflet tints of the deciduous kind, and trees of the fame 

 nature, in the autumnal and fpring feafons. They ought, 

 generally, according to him, to be the prevailing forts 

 planted near the houfes and buildings of country-feats, not 

 only for the reafons fuggefted above, but becaufe they are 

 capable of concealing fome part or parts of the edifices, 

 difguifing their real extents, and thus blending them at all 

 feafons with the furrounding fcenery. There is alfo another 

 circumftance in their favour, which is the fuperiority of 

 their (lielter and fhade. 



It is thought, alfo, that the cyprefs is too feldom phnted 

 in fuch fituations, as it has the capability and power of giv- 

 ing a rich claffical appearance and efFeft to them ; as is feen 

 in fome cafes, as at Foxley and Yoxal Lodge. 



And the holly, it is fuggelled, fhould be planted dill 

 more than any other (hrub, in particular cafes ; as no other 

 is capable of affording and producing fuch an excellent and 

 diverfitied effeft in woody fcenery, as is exemplified in fome 

 ibrelt fituations. 



The ivy is capable, it is faid, of anfwering three im- 

 portant ufes, and of courfe deferving of more frequent 

 growth. Thefe are the varying of the Hems of fingle trees, 

 and fmall groups of them ; the giving of effeft to old decaying 

 trees, and the rendering of ugly trees interefting, as well as 

 other fimilar rural purpofes ; the producing of variety in dif- 

 ferent forts of buildings ; and the giving of ornament and 

 utility to works of the country kind. 



In the firit of thefe intentions, in different cafes, where 

 the number of trees of the fame kind are confiderable, and 

 very much alike, which are in the fore-ground, one or fe- 

 veral of them may be varied and diverfified by the ivy (hrub, 

 in probably as happy a manner, and with as good an effeft, 

 as in any other way, and better than by the ufe of any fort 

 of deciduous climbing plant. Single trees can always be 

 rendered intereitingly different by thefe means, as well as old 

 and ugly trees of different forts. 



In the fecond ufe, where cottages, ruins, irregularly 

 formed buildings, old houfes, and other fimilar ftruftures, 

 are to be varied, partially concealed, and rendered different 

 in their external appearance, but which cannot be cheap- 

 ly enough done in other ways, they may be highly and 

 richly diverfified and decorated by the fimple planting of 

 the ivy (lirub, and direfting it fo as to cover in different 

 places or parts. The expence of fuch works would alfo 

 be lefs, in many inftances, it is remarked, if the external 

 appearance of them were contrived fo as to admit this plant ; 

 which would not only vary and alter them generally, but 

 might occafionally be fubftituted for, and fupply the place 

 of, particular parts, as is exemplified in many inltances. 



The lall of thefe intentions is that of planting the ivy 

 fhrub againd walls of the Hone kind, dikes, and funk fences 

 between fields, and other fimilar purpofes, in the view of 

 rendering them more ornamental and durable. The chequer- 

 ing of them in this way, on their fides, with fhades of green, 

 and little ribs or columns, and richly mantling their tops, 

 have, it is faid, much effeft in producing variety, and at 

 the fame time in rendering them more laiting. Mortared 

 and unmortarcd walls are hkewife preferved and fecured by 

 it. Tliis creeping (hrubby plant may confequently be of 

 extenfive utility in various ways ; as, befides affording 

 beauty, fheltcr, and durability, it may be beneficial in 

 thickening hedges in the vicinity of the fea-coaft, when 

 joined with the elder. It fhould, in all cafes, be carefully 

 planted, either by fets or young feedlings, which laft is by 

 much the readielt mode of raifing and providing it. No- 

 tliing more is wanting, as it fucceeds well in mofl foils, 



7 



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fituations, and expofures. Where tall plants are wanted 

 for particular ufes, they mull be provided with good 

 roots. 



In the deciduous kind of fhrubs, the modes of varying and 

 planting are very different, according to their nature habits, 

 fizes, and other qualities and circumftances. For the mofl 

 part, however, the larger forts are put more out of the way, 

 in order that the fmaller and more curious kinds may be 

 more fully expofed to view. The peculiar properties in 

 fome of this defcription of fhrubs alfo direft the modes and 

 manners of planting them, as that of the time of flowering, 

 and feveral others. They are varied and planted differently, 

 likewife, for a great variety of other different reafans. 



In planting the laburnum, as there are two forts, which 

 differ greatly in their fpray or fmall twigs and fohage, tliat 

 with the fmaller and more delicate branches and flowers fhould 

 conftantly be chofen for putting out with other fhrubs ; the 

 other, which is of much larger growth, is well fuited for 

 poor gravelly foils, rocky banks, and the rocky margins of 

 water, where, in the two latter fituations, the plants may 

 fometimes be feen in great perfeftion. 



Shrubs of thefe different kinds are raifed and produced in 

 many different ways, as may be feen under their different 

 particular proper heads. 



Some forts of fhrubs, particularly in the early ftate of 

 their growth. Hand in need of not merely a foil and fitua- 

 tion, but a mode of cultivation which is adapted to tlieir 

 different natures and habits. And though mofl fhrubs re- 

 quire to have the earth or foil about them either frequently 

 ftirred, or kept clean and free from all plants of the weed 

 kind, there are fonrie that fucceed bcfl when the furface of 

 the ground is overrun with low plants of the mofs kind. 



In all cafes, fhrubs are to be preferved in a neat and per- 

 feft order, by the removal of the decayed and withered 

 parts, and the proper cutting in of particular fhoots and 

 branches where neceflar)', efpecially in fome of the deci- 

 duous kinds. In the evergreen clafs, the knife or fhears, 

 however, are very feldom to be applied, except for the re- 

 moval of the deftroyed parts, which are conftantly to be 

 carefully taken away. 



Shrub, Fruit, that fort of low fhrubby plant which 

 bears fruit of fome kind or other. Shrubs of this kind are 

 mortly very ufeful, and not few in number. The forts are 

 various, as the goofeberry, the currant, the rafpberry, and 

 fome others, cultivated in garden fituations ; and the ber- 

 berry or barberry, and a few other kinds, in thofe of the 

 fhrubbery. Shrubs of this defcription, in moll cafes, re- 

 quire careful attention in cutting, managing, and keeping 

 the ground in proper order, by due cultivation, and the 

 proper ufe of fuitable manure. See Small Fruits, and 

 Standard Fruit Trees. 



In planting them, thofe of the garden fort are moll 

 properly and ufefully put out in fituations by themfelves, 

 and not in the ufual mode, on the fides or borders of the 

 different cultivated compartments of the garden ground. 



Thofe which produce ornament, as well as fruit, are to 

 be placed out in variety with other (hrubs, in the more open 

 parts of fhrubberies, or alone in particular cafes. 



Shrubs, Stealing of. See Larceny. 



Wilfully fpoiling or deflroying them is a fpecies of that 

 malicious mifchief, which fubjefts the offender to pecuniary 

 penalties for the firft two offences, and for the third, if it 

 be committed in the day-time, and even be the firft at night, 

 to the guilt of felony, and tranfportation for feven years. | 

 6 Geo. III. cap. 36. and 48. i 



SHRUBBERY, in Gardening, a traft, portion, or fpace 

 of ground, which is planted with fhrubs, trees, and flower 



plants. 



