SID 



S I D 



^30.) — Thorns none. Leaves ovate, obtufe ; downy, like 

 the calyx and flower-ftalks, beneath. Corolla villous exter- 

 nally. Gathered by Mr. Brown, in the tropical part of 

 New Holland; atsd by fir Jofeph Banks, who fent it to 

 Kew in 1772, in New South Wales. The _^/ir is flcnder, 

 hairy at the bafe. 



, 6. S. obevatum. Obovate Iron-wood. (St-rfalifia obo- 

 vata ; Brown ib.d. n. 2.) — Leaves obovate ; fomtwhat ta- 

 pering at the bafe ; fcarcely filky beneath. Calyx nearly 

 fmooth. Corolla fmooth. Style very Ihort. — Gathered by 

 fir Jofeph Banks, in the tropical part of New Holland. — In 

 both thefo the fcales between the Jlameiis are lanceolate. 



7. S. nr^entcum. Silvery Iron-wood. Thunb. Prodr. 

 36. Willd. n. 6. — " Thorns none. Leaves ovate, abrupt, 

 downy. Flowers Italked." — Found by Thuiiberg at the 

 Cape. 



8. S. tomentofum. Downy Iron-wood Roxb. Coro- 

 riand. V. 1. 28. t. 28. Willd. n. 7. — Thorns none. Leaves 

 lliptic-obloiig, with a blunt point ; downy vifhen young. 



Flower-llalki downy, axillary, aggregate, the length of 

 the tootllalks. Found chiefly on the tops of the mountains 

 in Hindoollan, flowering during the hot feafon. This is a 

 iinall/rf^. Tlie Z?aTi«, three laches long and one broad, are 

 iniooth when full grown, but in a young Itate are covered 

 with riiity down. Flowers numerous, of a dirty white. 

 Fruit yellow, the fize of a fmall cherry. Dr. Roxburgh 

 i'ays there are the rudiments of five feeds, though only one 

 • ■■r two come to perfeftion. Hence it feems that the generic 

 ■harafter, n that refpeft, is but precarious. 



9. S. lycioides. Willow-leaved Iron-wood. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 279. Willd. n. 8. Ait. n. 4. (S. fpinofum foliis de- 

 ciduis i Duliam. Arb. v. 2. 260. t. 68. Bumelia lycioidcs ; 

 Purlh V. I. 155.) 



(3. 8. dccandrum. Linn. Mant. 48. Willd. n. 9. 



Thorns axillary. Leaves elliptical, deciduous. — Native 

 of North America. In Ihady woods from Carolina to 

 Georgia, flowering in July and Augult A fmall tree, 

 with mmute greenifli Jloiuers. Purfls. The branches are 

 round, minutely warty, with flrong, fpreading, tapering, 

 axillary, folitary thorns, three quarters of an inch long, ac- 

 companying tiie flowers, on the lower part of each branch. 

 Leaves alternate, ilalkcd, elliptic-oblong, about three inches 

 in length, and more than one in breadth, entire, fomewhat 

 pointed, fmooth, light green, finely reticulated with vein--, 

 deciduous. Fhiver-Jlalhs axillary, fevcral together, fimple, 

 about the length of the fpines, and rather longer than the 

 footilalks. Sfgmenls of the calyx deep, oval, concave, 

 fmooth, obtufe, unequal, folding over each other. Corolla 

 twice as long as the calyx, but little fpreading. We are 

 unable to find any diitinftion between S. lycioides and dtcan- 

 drum. A fpecimen in the Linnian herbai'ium from Kalm, 

 under the latter name, has a pentapetalnus flower, and is 

 otherwife totally different from the fpecies in quellioii. Our 

 defcription is taken from the fptcim-u lent by banm Munch- 

 haufeii to Linnaeus, and marked lyc'iAdes by the latter, 

 though defcribed in his M.intiffa under the appellation of 

 decandrum 



10. "A. fpinofum. Thorny Iron-wood, or Arijan. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. 279, excluding the fynonym. Dryand. in Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. n. 5. (Elaodendrum Argan ; Willd. Sp. 

 PI. V. I. 1148. Rhamiuis ficulus ; Linn. Syll. Nat. ed. 

 12. V. 3. 229.) — Thorns Ijt.ral. Leaves' obovate-oblong, 

 deciduous. — Native of Morocco. This has llrong, almoll 

 eoiiicjl, thorns. Leaves aggregate, ftalked, obovate, fim- 

 ple, entire, fmooth, about an irch lo.ig. Floiuers in axillary 

 tufts, nearly feflile. Rhamnui ficulus pentaphyllos, Bocc. 

 iiic. 43. t. 21, mult be a very dlHerenl plant, having really 



five leaflets on a common ftalk, as Mr. Dryander obferves in 

 Tr. of Linn. Soc. v. 2. 225. This learned writer jullly re- 

 marks, that many Eail Indian fynonyms have erroneoufly 

 been referred by Linnaeus to his Sideroxylum fpinofum ; but 

 he errs refpefting the Ipecimen under this name in the Lin- 

 nsan herbarium, which is evidently the plant belonging to 

 thofe fynonyms, though not to the original fpccific charac- 

 ter, being Flacourtia fepinria, Willd, Sp. PI v. 4. 831. 

 Roxb. Coromand. v. it. 68. 



The reader \vill perceive that there is cunfiderable uncer- 

 tainty about the fpecies of this genus ; nor is there lefs dif- 

 ficulty relpefting its generic charaftcr, which is not yet 

 clearly contralled with that of BuMELlA ; (ee that article. 



Sideroxylum., in Gardening, contains plants of the 

 flirubby, evergreen, exotic kinds, of v.hich the fpecies cul- 

 tivated are; the fmooth on wood (S. inerme) ; and the 

 willow-leaved iron-wn..d (S. lycioides). 



The wood of thefe fli.ubby plants having great folidity, 

 hardnefs, and ponderofitv, fo as to fink in water, they have 

 obtained the appellation of iion-wood. 



Method of Culture. — Thjfe plants may be increafed by 

 feed procured from abroad, which fliould be fown in the 

 fpring in pots filled with frefh mould, and plunged in the 

 tan-bed of the Hove : when the plants have fome growth, they 

 fliould be removed into fcparate pots, and he iTplnngcd in 

 the bark-bed. They are alfo fometim-.s railed from (lit- 

 layers and cuttings in the fuminer feafon ; but they are te- 

 dious in forming roots in this way, and the plants are not fo 

 good in general. 



The firll lort is tender, affording variety in the ftove ; 

 but the laft is more hardy, and may fometimes be intro- 

 duced in the flirubbery borders in warm (hcltered fituation?. 



SIDERS, in Geography, a town of Switzerland, and 

 principal place of a dxain in the Valais ; 8 miles E. of 

 Sion. 



SIDES-MEN, properly called fynods-mtn, or quefl-men, 

 perlons who, in larger pariflies, are appointed to allill the 

 church-wardens in inquiring into the manners of inordinate 

 livers, and in prelenting ulfenders at vifitations. In the an- 

 cient epifcopal fynod-;, the bifliops were wont to fummon 

 divers creditable pcrfons out of every parifli to give infor- 

 mation of, and to attclt the diforJcrs of clergy and people. 

 Thefe were called " tellcs fynodales ;" and in after-times 

 thoy were a kind of impanelled jury, confilling of two, 

 three, or mor" perfons in every paiifli, who were upon oath 

 to prefent all heretics and other irregiilar perlons. Thefe, 

 in procefs of time, became Handing oinctrs in feveral places, 

 efpecially in great cities, and hence were called " fynods- 

 men," and by corruption " fidos-men." They are alfo fome- 

 times called " queft-men," from the nature of their office, in 

 making /ny«(/-ji concerning ofleiices. And thele fides-men or 

 queft-men, by Can. 90, are to be chofen yearly in Eatler- 

 week, by the miniltcrs ^,nd parifliioners (if they can agree) ; 

 otherwilc to be appointed by the ordinary of the diocefe. 

 But for the mod part this whole office is now devolved 

 upon the church-wardens ; which fee. The fides-man's oath, 

 agreed upon by the civilians and common lawyers, is as fol- 

 io ws : " You fliall fwcar that you will be affillant to the 

 cKiirch-wardens in the execution of their office, fo far as by 

 law you are bomd : fo help you God." Gibf. lift- 



SIDEWAYS, in the Manege. To ride a horfe fide- 

 ways, is to paflage him, or make him go upon two treads, 

 one of which is marked by his ftioulders, and the other by 

 his haniiches. 



SIDGUR, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 B.iglana ; 50 miles E.N.K. of Bin"een. 



SIDI, in Hindoo Mythology, is the name of one of the 



two 



