S I D 



eommandeJ a fleet of forty-eight fhips, which very much 

 contributed to the viftory which that prince obtained over 

 the Lacedccinonians. The city of Sidon was ruined in the 

 year 351 B.C. under the reign of Ochus, king of Perfia. 

 When the inhabitants faw the enemy in the city, they fliut 

 themfelves up in their houfes, with their wives and children, 

 and were there maflacred by a conflagration. Diodorus 

 Siculus (1. xvi.) fays, that the Sidonians, who were abfcnt 

 during tliis mafTacre, and thus efcaped deftruftion, returned 

 thither and rebuilt it, after Ochus had withdrawn to Perfia. 

 Arrian (De Exped. Alex.) fays, that the Sidonians offered 

 to fubmit to Alexander, when that prince eutered into 

 Phoenicia after the battle of Ilfus, 333 years B.C. This 

 prince charged Hephsftion to appoint a king for this city ; 

 accordingly this officer raifed to the throne of Sidon the 

 hoft with whom he had lodged ; but this perlon declined 

 the charge, and procured the crown for a perfon of the 

 royal family, called by Diodorus, Ballonymus. After the 

 death of Alexander, Sidon was transferred to the kings of 

 Egypt, and afterwards to thofe of Syria, until at length 

 it fell under the power of the Romans. This city, accord- 

 ing to Strabo, fuffercd the elTedls of an earthquake, which 

 demolifhed half the city. See Saide. 

 SIDONA. See Si'dena. 



SIDONEY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Oude ; 42 miles W. of Kairabad. 



SIDONIUS, Cails, Sollils Apollinaris, in Bio- 

 graphy, was born at Lyons in or about the year 430, of a 

 diftinguiflied family, his father and grand-father having ex- 

 ercifed the office of pretorian-prefeil in Gaul. He was 

 liberally educated, and obtained great reputation for his 

 literary talents, and efpecially his (Icill in the poetical art. 

 Coming to the capital he was raifed to the higheft offices 

 by feveral fucceflive emperors. He married Papianilla, 

 daughter of the emperor Avitus, whofe r.cceffion he cele- 

 brated by along panegyric in verfe, which was rewarded by 

 a brafs (tatue ot him placed in the portico of Trajan. On 

 the depofition of that prince, he was made a prifoner at 

 Lyons by the emperor Majorian ; whofe favour he after- 

 wards obtained by a new panegyric. He was now cm- 

 ployed by Majorian to negociate a treaty with Thcodoric, 

 king of the Vifigoths, of whofe perfon and manners he has 

 left U9 a curious defcription. For this fervice he was re- 

 warded with the title of count. Under Severus Ricimcr 

 he defended with the molt complete fucccfs Auvergnc againll 

 the incurfions of the barbarians. On the acceffion of An- 

 themius he was ready with another panegyric, and was in 

 this requited by the government of Rome, and the dignity 

 of patrician was conferred upon him. In the year 472 he 

 renounced all his fecular employment:^, and became a bifhop. 

 He is faid to have conduced himfclf with fmgular piety in 

 his new office, to have been exemplary for charity, and all 

 the epifcopal virtues, and to have fed 4000 Burgundians, 

 when under the prell'ure of famine. He wa:? a great fuffcrcr 

 at the ficgc of Clermont, and was forced to fly at its fur- 

 render, but was very foon reltored to his fee. He after- 

 wards underwent fome trouble from two fadtious priells, 

 who coTitellcd with him the government of the church, and 

 alfo from fome who were deemed by him as heretics; and to 

 this has been afcribcd his death, in 487, which has been 

 called a martyrdom. Of the writings of Sidonius, there 

 are extant twenty-four pieces in verfe, marked with the de- 

 bafed charafter of the age, and nine books of EpiiUes, con- 

 taining much curious information relative to the learning 

 and hiftory of liis times. The bell editions of his works 

 are thofe by Savaron in 1609, """^ ^1 Sirmond ill l6j2. 

 Moreri. Gibbon, vol. vi. 

 Vol. XXXn. 



S 1 E 



SIDOWLY, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Bahar; 10 miles E. of Saferam. 



SIDRA, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar; 18 miles 

 N.W. of Palamow. 



SiDKA, Cu(f of, a large bay of the Mediterranean, on 

 the coaft of Iripoli, anciently called " Syrtis," extending 

 from N. lat. 30"^ 30' to 32° 30', and E. long. 15^ 30' to 

 19° 30'. 



SIDRONA, in Ancient Geography, a town of lUyria, 

 in the interior of Liburnia. Ptol. 



SIDUS, a fmall borough of the territory of Corinth, 

 E. of Schxnus, which ferved as a port to Megara. Staph. 

 Byz. — Alfo, a fmall borougli of Afia Minor, in Ionia, in 

 the vicinity of the town of Clazomene. — Alfo, another in 

 the vicinity of the Erythraean fea. — Alfo, a place of Afu 

 Minor, in Pamphyha. Steph. Byz. 



SiDU.s, Georgium, in AJlrommy. See GEORGrAN Planet. 



SIDUSA, in yliicienl Geography, an iflandof Afia Minor, 

 upon the coall of Ionia. Pliny. 



SIEBELN, or SlEBEKLKiiN", in Geography, a town 

 of Saxony, in the circle of Erzgebirg ; 4 miles N. of 

 Freyberg. 



SIE13ENKEES, John Philip, in Biography, profeflor 

 of philofophy and the Oriental languages in the univerfitv 

 of Altdorf, and member of the Society of Volfci, at Vel- 

 letri, was born in 1759 at Nurnbcrg, where his father was 

 organill to one of the churches. Being intended for the 

 church, he was initiated in the Latin and Greek languages 

 under very able mailers, and he applied alfo with great dili- 

 gence to the Hebrew and Chaldee. In the year 1778 he 

 repaired to the univerlity of Altdorf, where he attended 

 ledlures on the holy fcriptures, and where, in conjunftion 

 with fome of the other Undents, he ellablillied a private 

 literary focicty, the firll-fruit of which was a diflertation 

 on the religion of the ancient Germans, and other Northern 

 people. This piece was publiflied in 1781, and it was fo 

 highly elleemod by Ernefli, that he added it to his tranl- 

 lation of Tacitus " Dc Moribus Germanorum," which was 

 printed in 1791. He now became the tutor to fome young 

 people, and not only performed the duties attached to the 

 office for fix years with high reputation, but was able by 

 diligence and affiduity to apply himfelf, at the fame time, 

 to refcarchcs in the literature, hillory, and arts of the an- 

 cients. He collefted materials to compofe memoirs of the 

 life of Bianca Caprllo de Medici, grand duchefs of Tuf- 

 cany, which was publiflied in one volume oftavo at Gotha, 

 in the year 1789. But the chief part of his attention wa» 

 direfted to the MS. treafures contained in the library of 

 St. Mark, from which fo m.any of the claffic.il authors have 

 been printed and improved. His rcfearches here were much 

 facilitated by Morelli, the hbrarian, who affifltd him greatly 

 in the art of decyphering and reading manufcripts, a buii- 

 ncfs to which he himfelf had been un.iccu Homed. Here he 

 examined with great attention the valuable manufcripts of 

 Strabo ; and lludied with the utmoll care the two celebrated 

 manufcripts of the Iliad, of which, before the appearance 

 of Valloifon's edition, he gave a circumllantial account in 

 the German work entitled " Bibliotluk dor Alten Litcratur 

 und Kunfl." In the fame work he publiflied an exIraA 

 from the Chrillomathia of Proelus ; collated fome MSS. of 

 Heliodorus; and made fclcdlions from the unprinlcd fcholia 

 on Plato and other authors. With the fame eagerncfs he 

 examined and lludied the remains of ancient art prelerved in 

 difiercnt coUetlions at Venice. In 178S he quitted Venice, 

 and made a tour through many parts of Italy, and at Rome 

 he remained fifteen months, entirely occupied in furvcying 

 the works of art, or in lludying the manufcripts in different 

 4 Q libraries ; 



