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libraries ; and licre he was much indebted to Reggio, the 

 learned librarian of the Vatican, who allowed him the ufe 

 of all thofe highly valued manulcripts, the greater part of 

 which has been, fince that, carried to Paris by the French. 

 From thefe, Siebenkees made copious extrafts for the im- 

 provement of Strabo and other ancient authors ; and here 

 he tranfcribed the Vatican MS. of the charaders of Theo- 

 phraftus, which is reckoned the completell and moll perfeft 

 in exiftence. He colleAcd likewife from this library a large 

 mafs of critical matter for the illudration of the claflics, in 

 extrafts, fragments, and obfervations. Cardinal Borgia 

 iiiterefted himfelf very much in favour of Siebenkees, and 

 allowed him the free ufe of his mufseum at Veiletri, where 

 he wrote an explanation of a " Teffera Hofpitalis," pre- 

 ferved in it, which was publidied with the following title : 

 «' Expofitio Tabulx Hofpitahs ex sre antiquillimo in 

 Mufaeo Borgiano Velitris aflervatse." For this work, which 

 was confidered as extremely ingenious, he was elefted a 

 member of the learned fociety of Veiletri. On his return 

 to his native country, he vifited the moll celebrated libraries 

 at Augfburg and Memingen, as well as in various monaf- 

 teries m Swabia, and formed an acquaintance with many of 

 the German literati. In the year 1790 he returned to 

 Nurnberg, and in the following year he was appointed ex- 

 traordinary profefibr of philofophy and of the Oriental 

 languages at Altdorf; after this he was made regular 

 profellor of philofophy and hiltory. Between the years 

 1 79 1 and 1796, befides giving academic le<£lures on the 

 Oriental as well as the Greek and Latin languages, on 

 mythology, archxology, geography, univerial hillory, 

 the hillory of literature and of the German empire, he 

 found leifure to publifh the following works : " An EfTay 

 towards a Hillory of the Inquilition in the Venetian States :" 

 " A Plan for profecuting the Study of Roman Statillics, 

 for the Ufe of his Leftures ;" " On the Temple and Statues, 

 of Jupiter at Olympia," an antiquarian eflay. But his 

 mod important undertaking was his edition of Strabo, 

 amended and correAed from various readings, and an im- 

 proved trandation, with the following title ; " Strabonis 

 Rerum GeographicarumLibri XVII. Gra;ca ad Opt. Codd. 

 MSS. recenfuit var. left, ad notationibufquc illullravit Xy- 

 landri Verfionem emendavit I. P. Siebenkees." He contri. 

 buted to many periodical works, fuch as the " Journal des 

 Luxus," in which he publilhed a pifture of Venice ; 

 Harles' edition of " Fabricii Bibliotheca Graeca," &c. He 

 died in 1796. He was not dillinguilhed by any uncommon 

 ftrength of genius j but extraordinary diligence, and a mod 

 ardent attachment to literary purfuits, enabled him to ac- 

 quire a very extenfive knowledge of languages and litera- 

 ture in general. He was an excellent draughtlman, and this 

 talent was of great afiillance to him in his archaeological re- 

 fearches in Italy. His writing, ia his own language, was 

 exceedingly elegant, but his latinity is neither pure nor 

 correft. His fervice to literature would have been more 

 important had he lived to finifh his Strabo, a great part of 

 the fecond volume of which was left unprinted at the time 

 of his death. Some other works, on which he had been 

 empU)yed, were alfo left incomplete, viz. an edition 

 of Theophraltus, from a MS. copy in the Vatican, and 

 his valuable " Anecdota Grxca," felefted from the bell 

 MSS. in the Italian libraries. Bi-th thefe works were 

 completed after his death, and publilhed at Nurnbero- in 

 J 798. Gen. Biog. ^ 



SIEBER, in Geography, a river of Germany, which 

 runs into the Oder, 5 milts S. of Olterode. 



SIECHAM-HOTUN, a town of Corea, in the fea of 

 Japan. N-lat 41-24'. E. long. 127^ 24'. 



SIEDABAD, a town of Hindooftan, in Benares, on 



the Gantres ; 15 miles N.E. of Benares. 



SIEDE, a fmall river of Germany, which runs into the 

 Wefer, 2 mil -s S. of Hoya. 



SIEDENBERG, a town of Germany, in the county 

 of Hoya ; 9 miles S.S. W. of Hoya. 



SIEG, a river of Germany, which rifes in the eaft part 

 of Naffau-Siegen, pafles by Siegen, Blanckenberg, Sieg- 

 berg, SiC. and runs into the Rhine, two miles below Bonn. 



SIEGBERG, a town of the duchy of Berg ; 14 miles 

 S.E. of Cologne. N. lat. ,-0= jG'. E. long. 7^ 18'. 



SlEGBERG. See SVBERG. 



SIEGE, in IVar, the encampment of an army around a 

 place, with defign to take it, either in the way of dillrefs 

 and famine, by making lines all around it, to prevent any 

 relief from without ; or by main force, as by digging- 

 trenches, and making formal attacks. 



The word is French, and fignilies, literally, feat ; al- 

 luding to the army's taking its feat before a town, till the 

 reduftion of the place. 



The moll celebrated fieges of antiquity are thofe of Troy, 

 Tyre, Alexandria, and Numantium ; and, among the mo- 

 derns, thofe of Ollend, Candia, Grave, Bergen-op-zoom, 

 Gibraltar, &c. See Line, in Fortification. 



Siege, To raifi a, is to give over the attack of a place, 

 quit the works thrown up againll it, and the polls formed 

 about It. 



Siege, To turn a, into a blockade, fee Blockade. 



SlEGE-Pidfcx, in Coinage, a divifion of modern coins, con- 

 filling of thofe that have been iffued upon urgent neceffity, 

 during a fiege, by any city or town Patiu has publilhed 

 a remarkable one of thick paper or parchment, llruck at 

 Leyden in 1574, when that place was befieged by the 

 Spaniards It has a lion rampant, puGxo pro patria ; 

 and on the reverfe this inicription, lugdunum bata- 

 VORUM. Various fiege-pieces of gold and lilver were 

 iliued in the reign of Charles I. ; fome of the latter being 

 fo laree as to be of -ios. value. 



SIEGEN, in Geography, a town of Germany, which 

 gives name to a branch of the houfe of Naffau, in the vici- 

 nity of which are fome confiderable iron-mines and forges ; 

 37 miles E. of Bonn. N. lat. 50'' 48'. E. long. 8= 8'. 



SIEGENBURG, a town of Bavaria, on the Arabs ^ 

 20 miles E. of Ingoliladt. 



SIEGES, Les, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Yonne ; 24 miles W.S.W. of Troyes. 



SIEGSTADT, a town of Norway, in the province of 

 Aggerhuus ; 58 miles N. of Chrilliana. 



SIELE, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate e£ 

 Brzefc ; j6 miles N.E. of Brzefc. 



SIELUB, a town of Lithuania; 8 miles N. of Novo- 

 grodek. 



SIEMIECZOW, a town of Lithuania ; 15 miles W. of 

 Sluck. 



SIENAGE, a town of South America, in the province 

 of Tucuman ; 1 ^o miles N. of St. Miguel de Tucuman. 



SIENE', in Ancient Geography, a town of Egypt, fitu- 

 ated, accordincr to Piiny, in a peninfula, on the weftern 

 bank of the Nile, in which was a Roman garrifon. See 



SVEN'E. 



SIENITE, Granitelle of Sauffure, in Geology, a rock 

 nearly refembling granite, but corapofed of ielfpar and 

 hornblende, and occafionally containing quartz and mica. 

 The nam.e is derived from the city of Sienna, in Uppec 

 Egypt, where iminenle quantities of this ilone were worked 

 by the Romans, and large blocks and columns were brought 

 from thence to Rome. The Egyptian lienite is in fac\ a 



grarite» 



