SILPHIUM. 



3. S. terclinfhhMceum. Broad-leaved Silphium. Linn. 

 Suppl. j^Rj. Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 2. Purfli n. 3. Jacq. 

 Hurt. Vind. v. i. 16. t. 43. — Stem fmootli. Radical 

 leaves heart-fliaped ; thofe of the ttcm alternate, ovate, fer- 

 rated, rough. — In Lnuifiana, and the weftcrn mountains of 

 North America, flowering from Augud to October. Furjh. 

 The Jlem is about five feet high, paniclcd at the top, with 

 bright yellow, rather droopmg, Jlowcrs, three inches in dia- 

 meter. The radical leaves are a foot lonp;, and nearly as 

 broad, coriaceouo, rough, fliarply toothed, with very long 

 footftalks. 



4. S. pcrfuUalum. Square-tlalked Silphium. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1301. Ait. n. 3. Purfli n. 4. — Leaves oppofite, tri- 

 angular, ftalked, perfoliate. Stem fciuare, fmooth. — Na- 

 tive of the Allegany mountains, from Pennfylvania to Caro- 

 lina, flowering from .July to October, according to Mr. 

 Purfh, wlio confiders as a variety of this the conjunclum, 

 Willd. Enum. 933. The prefent is a robull plant, fre- 

 quent in large gardens or plantations, taller than a man. 

 Leaves rough like a file, with bordered rough-edged _/W- 



jlalks, clafping the item with their compound bafes. 

 Floiucrs about two inches wide, with a Imooth calyx. 



5. S. connatum. Round-ltalked Perfoliate Silphium. 

 Linn. Mant. 574. Willd. n. 5. Ait. n. 4. Purfh n. 5. 

 — Stem round, hifpid. Leaves oppolite, diltantly ferrated, 

 rough ; combined at the bafe — Found on the high moun- 

 tains of Virginia and Carolina, flowering in Auguft and 

 September. Purlh, as well a^ Willdenow, jullly infills on 

 this being a very dillinft fpecies from the laft, of which 

 Michaux thought it a variety. The Jlem is round, covered 

 in the upper part with deflexed brillly liairs. Upper leaves 

 nearly entire, broad and perfoliate at the bafe. The 

 flowers refemble thofe of the preceding. 



6. S. AJler'ifcus. Hairy-ltalked Silphium. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1302. Ait. n. 5. Purfli n. 6. (Ailerifcus corona; 

 folis folio et facie; Dill. Elth. 42. t. 37.) — Stem round, 

 hifpid. Leaves oppofite or alternate, oblong, acute, fer- 

 rated, rough. Calyx fringed. — In mountain meadows of 

 Virginia and Carolina, flowering from .Tuly to September. 

 Purjh. Stem about two feet high, fpottcd with purple. 

 Lower leaves alternate, coarfcly toothed ; upper nearly op- 

 pofite, and more entire. Flowers nearly three inches 

 broad. 



7. S. pumilum. Dwarf Silphium. Michaux Boreali- 

 Amer. v. 2. 146. Willd. n. 7. Purfli n. 7. — " Stem 

 finely downy. Leaves oval, flightly ferrated, obtufe, ra- 

 ther downy. Scales of the c.ilyx obovate, obtufe. Seeds 

 vi'ithout horns." — Gathered in llorida, by Bartram and 

 Michaux. We have fcen no fpecimin. 



8. S. iKtfgnfalium. Entire-leaved Silphium. Michaux 

 ibid. Willd. n. 8. Purfli n. S. — " Stem quadrangular, 

 harfli. Leaves oppofite, felfile, oblong, entire, rough. 

 Flowers on Ihort llalks." — On the moll weftern of the Al- 

 legany and Illinois mountains, flowering from Augull to 

 OiSober. About four feet higii. Leaves all uniform, 

 ereft ; extremely rough on the upper fide. Floiuers few. 

 Purjb, Michaux. 



9. S. Uvi^r.lum. Puliflicd Silphium. Purlh n. 9. — 

 " Stem fimple, fquare, furrowed, fmootli. Leaves oppo- 

 fite, fcflile, ovate, pointed, minutely ferrated, fmootli on 

 both fides ; fomewhat heart-fliaped at tlie bafe. Scales of 

 the calyx ovate, fringed." — Gathered by Mr. Enflen, in 

 Georgia, North America, about two fest high. Flowers 

 denfely corymbofe. PurJh. 



10. S. Irifolhitum. Rough Three-leaved Silphium. 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1302. Willd. n. 9. Ait. n. 6. Purfli 

 n. 10. (S. tcrnifolium; Michaux Borcal-Amcr. v. 2. J46. 



Chryfanthemum virginianum, foliis afpcris, tribus ad geni- 

 cula fitis; Morif. led. G. t. 3. f. 68.) — Stem with fix 

 angles, fmooth. Leaves three in a whorl, ovato-lanceolate, 

 rough, with unequal tooth-like ferratures. Panicle three- 

 forked. — On the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina, 

 flowering in September and OAober. Purjl.\ Stem about 

 fix feet high, leafy, purplilh, fmooth to the" touch. Leaves 

 more or lefs accurately whorled, about three inches long 

 and one broad, on fliort llalks ; the floral ones entire. 

 Flowers two inches in diameter. Caly.x-fcales broad, mi- 

 nutely fringed, fmooth. 



11. 5. lernatum. Fringed Three-leaved Silphium. Willd. 

 n. 10. Purfli n. 11. — «' Stem cylindrical, fmooth. LeavM 

 three in a whorl, ilalkcd, lanceolate, flightly and minutely 

 toothed, roughifli ; fringed at the bale : the upper ones 

 fcattered and feflile. Panicle forked. Calyx fringed." — 

 Retzius communicated to Willdenow a defcription of this, 

 as a new fpecies from North vVmerica, and Purfli faw a 

 fpecimen in Mr. Lambert's polleiiion. T\\e Jlem is laid to 

 be four feet high. Lowell, as well as the uppermoit, leaves 

 fcattered ; thofe of the panicle feffile, two together. Caly.x- 

 fcales in four rows. Florets of the radius broader than in 



the lall ; but thofe of the diflc are Jhorter. Retzius. 



1 2. S. atro-purpureum. Violet-llalked Silphium. Willd. 

 n. II. Purfli n. 12. — " Stem cylindrical, fmooth. Leaves 

 about four in a whorl, lanceolate, rough, nearly entire, al- 

 moll feihle ; fringed at the bafe : the upper ones fcattered. 

 Panicle forked." — Willdenow was indebted to Retzius for 

 this likewife, but Mr. Lyon is faid to have met with it in 

 Carolina and Georgia, flowering in Augull and September. 

 Mr. Purfli, who had feen this plant alive, fays it refembles 

 the preceding, but is at firft. fight dillinguiflied by the 

 purple ivnoo\.\\ Jlem. By the deicription of Retzius, the 

 fpecimen of S. trifoUatum in the Linnxan iierbarium fliould 

 leem rather to belong to the prefent fpecies. See its de- 

 fcription above. 



13. S. lomeniofum. Downy Silphium. Purfli n. 13. — 

 " Stem and footllalks downy. Branches fingle-flowered. 

 Leaves alternate, heart-fliaped, ovate, ferrated, fliaggy. 

 Seeds without horns." — Gathered in Georgia, by John 

 Bartrain, whole fpecimens are in fir Jolcph Banks's her- 

 barium. Purfli. 



14. S. datum. T.ill Silphium. Purfli n. 14. — "Leave* 

 alternate, Italked, heartlhaped, finuated. Calyx-fcalcs 

 obtufe." Native of Carolina. Herb. Banks. 



I J. S. reliculiilum. Reticulated Silphium. Purlh n. 15. 

 — " Leaves alternate, ovato-lanceolate, heart-fliaped, fer- 

 rated, bluntifli, fomewhat villous." — Native of Florida. 

 Herb. Banks, 



S. foUiliiginoieles, Linn. Sp. PI. 1302, proves the fame 

 plant as RuJbechia opptjuifdia, Sp. PI. I 2S0, under each of 

 which names it lies in tiie Linnxan herbarium. It is alio 

 Helianthus Uvis, Sp. PI. 1278, adopted from Gronovius ; 

 and is ^VilldellOw's Buphlhalmum inliantlmiJes, n. 19, to 

 which lall genus it had originally been referred by Linnxus 

 in his Hortus Upfalienfis. Finally this plant is now called 

 Heliijpfis liivis ir. Purlh, p. 563, after Perfoon. See Ri:d- 



liKCKIA. 



S. Irilobatum, Linn. Sp. PI. 1 302, is Buphlhalmum re- 

 pens, Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 2233. n. 13. Lamarck Did. 

 V. 1.515. 



Sli.i'iill'M, ill Gartlening, contains plants of the tall- 

 growing, iierbaceous, pcreimial kind, of which the fpecies 

 cultivated are, the jagged-leaved lilphium (S. laciniatiim) ; 

 the broad-leaved filphiuiu (S. terebinlhinaceum) ; the hairy- 

 ltalked filphium (S. ailerifcus) ; and the thrcc-leavcd fil- 

 phium (S. trifoliatum). 



Mtlbod 



