SIM 



S I M 



The fimples from the Levant, and the Eaft Indies, were 

 not known among us till about the year i2eo. 



Simple Leaves. See Leaf. 



The termfmpk is alfo technically applied to fome other 

 parts of a plant. A/imple calyx is ufed in the columniferous 

 order, in oppolition to the double one of Mnlva, Hib'ifcus, 

 and many other genera of that order. A fimple Jligma 

 means, that the oart in queftion is of no elaborate or pecu- 

 liar fhape, or ftrnfturc, but merely adequate to perform 

 its requiiite funftions. This end is fufficiently anfwered by 

 a rather obtufe, though not dilated, figure, jult enough to 

 receive the pollen upon a moift; furface, or point. If a 

 iligma be acute, or taper-pointed, that charafter (hould be 

 fpecified ; as alfo if it be capitate, concave, lobed, fringed, 

 &c. ; in all which latter cafes it is no laager fimple. See 

 Btigm.'V, and Fecundation of Plants. 



A fimpk ftem, or Jlalk, is dellitute of branches, or fub- 

 divifion-. Such alfo n fimple putefcence, ihe hd^n oi \v\\ic\\ 

 are unbranched and ftraight ; not ilellated, entangled, or 

 hooked. 



Simple, in French Mufic, in an air with variations, im- 

 plies the air itfelf, in oppofition to the doubles or variations. 

 See Air, and Double. 



Simple Cadence, is that where the notes are all equal 

 through all the parts. 



Simple Concords, are thofe in which we hear at leaft two 

 notes in confonance ; as a third and a fifth ; and, of confe- 

 quence, at lea'i three parts. This is either done immediately, 

 and is called the harmonical triad, or in a more remote 

 manner, that is, when the founds, that are not bafs, are one 

 or two oftaves higher. This diftance has no ill effeft in 

 the third, but in the fifth it has ; and, generally fpcaking, 

 the nearer, or more immediate, the concords are, the better. 

 See Concord. 



They alfo fay C fimple, or plain, in oppofition to C 

 accented. 



Simple Counterpoint, Fugue, Interval, Sounds, and Triple. 

 See the fubftantives. 



Simple Equation, FraSlon, and Surd, in Algebra. See 

 the fubftantives. 



Simple Quantities, are thofe which confift of one term 

 only ; as -Y a, ~ ab, or -^ abc; accordingly they are op- 

 pofed to compound quantities. 



Simple Glands, in Anatomy. See Glands. 



Simple Anomaly and Excenlrlclty, in AJlronomy. See the 

 fubftantives. 



Simple Form, Modes, Necefftty, Oppofition, and Propofi- 

 tlon, in Logic and Metaphyfics. See the fubftantives. 



Simple Average, Benefice, Church, Depofit, EJlate, 

 Fee, Force, Larceny, Rfignatlon, and Vaffalage. See the 

 fubftantives. 



Simple Contract, Debts by, are fuch, where the contra A 

 upon which the obligation arifes is neither afcertained by 

 matter of record, nor yet by deed or fpecial inftrument, but 

 by mere oral evidence, or by notes unfealed, which are 

 capable of a more eafy proof, and (therefore only) better 

 than a verbal promife. 



Sl.MPLE Diachylon, Dlacodlum, Dlamorum, Dlaprunum, 

 Dropax, Fomentations, Hydromel, Mixture, Oxymel, and 

 I7aters. See the fubftantives. 



Simple Fencing. See Fencing. 



Simple Flank and Tenallle, in Fortification. See the fub- 

 ftantives. 



In Geometry, we fay, the mofl; fimple demonftrations are 

 the beft. 



In Grammar, we have fimple words, or primitives ; and 

 compounds, which have fome particle added to them. 



In Jurifprud'.nce, they fay a fimple donation, in oppc 

 fition to a mutual or reciprocal one : a fimple fale, in 

 oppofition to that made with a refervation of the faculty 

 of redemption ; and fimple homage, in oppofition to liege 

 homage. 



Simple Foffxls, in Natural Hljlory. See Fossils. 



Simple Machine, Motion, Pendulum, and Wheel, in Me- 

 chanics. See the fubftantives. 



The fimpleft machines are always the moft efteemed. 



Simple Vlfion, in Optics. See Vision. 



In Pharmacy, there are fimple remedies, and compounds; 

 the former of which are ufually preferable to the latter. 



Simple Tafie, in Phyfwlogy. See Taste. 



Simple Hljlory and Style, in Rhetoric. See tlie fub- 

 ftantives. 



Simple FraSure and Ulcer, in Surgery. See the fub- 

 ftantives. 



SIMPLER's Joy, \\\ Botany. See Verbena. 



SIMPLEX OcuLUs, in Surgery, the name of a bandage 

 for the eye. 



SIMPLICITY, in Ethics. See Sincerity. 



Si.MPLiciTY, in Mufic. There is much cant about fim- 

 plicity in mufic, among the exclufive admirers of old things, 

 and lamentation fortlielofs of our old melodies to the fongs 

 of Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, and others, of which the 

 words are ftill extant. But if we may judge by what has 

 efcaped the ravages of time, of a later date, the lofs of our 

 mufical compofitions of this period may be fupported with- 

 out much affliftion. We may perhaps heighten that afflic- 

 tion confiderably by cenfuring modern refinements, and 

 extolling the charms of ancient fimplicity ; but fimplicity 

 in melody, beyond a certain limit, is unworthy of the name 

 that is bellowed upon it, and encroaches fo much upon the 

 rude and favage boundaries of uncouthneis and rulticity, as 

 to be wholly feparated from proportion and grace, which 

 ftiould alone charatterife what is truly fimple in all the arts : 

 for though they may be ennobled by the concealment of 

 labour and pedantry, they are always degraded by an al- 

 liance with coarfe and barbarous nature. 



Old melodies, when we find them, and can afcertain their 

 dates, are curious hiftorical fafts in the annals of the mufical 

 art ; and afford us more fatisfaftory information concerning 

 our ancient national tafte, than all the verbal defcriptions 

 in profe and verfe can do. And it muft be owned, that 

 though the natives of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, can 

 boaft of national tunes, both plaintive and fpirited, that are 

 charaAeriftic, pleafing, and diftinft from each other, the 

 Englifti have not a melody which they can call their own, 

 except the hornpipe and Chefliire-round. The hornpipe, 

 indeed, was in all probability Britifti, or Welfli ; as the 

 pip-corn, or pipe of Cornwall, was an armorlc inftrument 

 and tune, brought thither by the Britons, driven to that 

 part of the ifland, and into Brittany and Wales, by the 

 Saxons. The Cheftiire-round is a melody of the fame kind. 

 See Hornpipe, and plate of National Tunes. 



SIMPLICIUS, Pope, in Biography, a native of Tivoli, 

 was elefted to the pontificate in September 467, on the 

 death of Hilary. During the time of his poffeffing the fee 

 of Rome, great commotions exifted in the eaftern and 

 weftcrn empire. The latter terminated in the perfon of 

 Auguftulus, who was dethroned by Odoacer, king of the 

 Heruli, an Arian. In the Eaft the emperor Zeno was 

 dethroned by Bafilifcus, who declared againft the council of 

 Chalcedon. Simplicius does not appear to have been per- 

 fonally molefted in thefe changes, but he was frequently 

 called upon to exert himfelf in defence of the claims of his 

 fee, and of the orthodox faith. He moreover extended and 



ftrengthened 



