S I N 



SIN 



water to gulTi out : in this ftone ire twelve holes or 

 channels, about a foot wide, from which, it is faid, the 

 water ifi'ued which the Ifraelites drank. 

 Sinai, Knightt of See Catharine. 

 SINALOA, in Geography. See Cinaloa. 

 SI-NAN, a river of Algiers, which joins the Wed-el- 

 Mailah, about fire miles before it runs into the fea. It glides 

 in a variety of beautiful windings, and is known by feveral 

 nannes, according to the remarkable places which they 

 water. Near the banks of this river, Barbaroffa the Elder 

 fcattered his treafures when purfucd by the viftorious 

 Spaniards, and here he made his lalt ineffeftual effort to 

 retard their progrefs. 



SINANELLY, a town of Hindooftan, in Myfore ; 22 

 miles S.W. of Bangalore. 



SINAPATINGA, in jincunt Geography, a town of 

 India, on this fide of the Ganges, in the vicinity of the 

 river Indus, and one of thofe which belonged to the Cathii, 

 according to Ptolemy. 



SINAPIS, in Botany, a generic name, whofe origin is 

 loft in the obfcurity of antiquity, which occurs, with flight 

 variations in its orthography, in the works of Plautus, 

 Pliny, and Columella. Theophraitus and Diofcorides call 

 it Iiv>iri. It is alfo met with under the terms a-imTt and 

 va^u ; TTjt^a Tj 5-iv!cr9a;i ■:ov: wra:, from its pungency affeifting 

 the eyes. De Theis, much inclined on all occafions to 

 recur to the Celtic, conjeftures that this word comes from 

 iVaJ, a general name in that language for all plants allied to 

 the Radifh. — Linn. Gen. 342. Schreb. 445. Willd. Sp. 

 PL V. 3. 5^4. Mart. Mill. Di<ft. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 721. 

 Prodr. Fl. Grac. Sibth. v. 2. 31. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 

 125. Tournef. t. 112. Jull'. 238. Lamarck lUuftr. 

 t. )66. Gsertn. t. 143. — Clafs and order, Tetradynamla 

 Siliqiinfa. Nat. Ord. S'll'iquofd, or Cruc'iformes, Linn. 

 Cruc'tferx, Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, fpreading, divided 

 into four, linear, concave, channelled leaves, forming a 

 crofs, deciduous. Cor. cruciform ; of four, rounded, flat, 

 fpreading, undivided petals, with ereft, linear claws fcarccly 

 the length of the calyx. Neftarv compofed of four ovate 

 glands, one on each fide between the fhorter ftamen and the 

 piftil ; and one on each fide between the longer llamen and 

 the calyx. Slam. Filaments fix, awl-(haped, creft ; the 

 two fhorter ones oppofitc ; anthers ered, fpreading, pointed. 

 Pi//. Gormen fuperior, cylindrical ; ityle the length of the 

 germen, and height of the ilamens ; fligma capitate, undi- 

 vided. Perk. Pod oblonp-, inflated unequally at the lower 

 part, rough, of two cells and two valves ; partition gene- 

 rally twice a^ long as the valves, large, compielled. Seeds 

 numerou", globular. 



Obf. Sinapii diS'ers principally from Brajica in having a 

 fpreading calyx, and the claws ol the petals erecl. Crantz 

 unites this genus with R/iphanus. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx widely Ipreading. Claws of the petals 

 ftraight. Neftariferous glands four. Pod more or lefs cy- 

 lindrical, the partition longer than the valves. 



1. S. arveiifis. Wild Muitard or Charlock. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 933. Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. Bot. t. 1748. Curt. 

 Lond. fafc. 5. t. 47. Fl. Dan. t. 753. — Pods with many 

 angles, rugged, longer than their own two-edged beak. 

 Leaves ovate, fomewhat lyrate. — One of the molt common 

 and moft troubicfoine European weeds in lieavy moilt corn 

 lands, as well as about walle ground and hedges. It flowers 

 moll commonly in May and June, but occafionally in all 

 open weather. Root annual, fpindle-fliaped, fniall, rigid. 

 SJrm round, Itriated, hifpid with ilightly deflexed briltles, 

 tinged with red. Leavu alternate, ftalked, ovate, rough, 



unequally tootlicd ; lower ones fomewhat lyrate ; upper 

 felTile. Floiuers in a terminal, clullered corymb, of a bright 

 yellow colour. Seeds extremely pungent, well known under 

 the name of Durham-Muftard. 



2. S. orieiHalis. Oriental Muitard. Linn. Sp. PI. 933. 

 Ainien. Acad. v. 4. 280. Ait. n. 2. " Schkuhr. handb. 

 v. I. 264. t. 186." (Sinapi orientale maximum, rapi folio; 

 Tourn. Cor. 17.)— Pods rough with reflexed briftles, and 

 four blunt angles, comprelled at the tip. — Native of the 

 Levant, and introduced at Kew by M. Thouin in 1778, 

 where it flowers in June and July. This annual 13 extremely 

 like the lalt, from which indeed it differs merely in having 

 the pods rough with reflexed bnllles, the beak only being 

 fmooth. 



3. S. brajficata. Cabbage Muitard. Willd. n. 3. 

 Loureir. Cochuich. 399. — Leaves obovate, fmooth, toothed 

 in a diminutive manner — Native of China, where it is much 

 cultivated. This plant, we are informed by Loureiro, has 

 the habit of Cabbage or Lettuce, but in the ft.ruAure of its 

 calyx it rcfembles Muitard. Stem a foot and half high, very 

 fmooth. Radical-lfoves oleraceous, obtufe, white-veined, 

 on channelled (talks ; Jlem-leaves oblong, moltly with two 

 auricled appendages at the bafe of the italk, upper ones 

 Icffile, lanceolate, embracing the Item. Floivtrs like thofe 

 of the Common Cabbage, bright yellow. Pod alfo re- 

 fembling that of Brajftca okracea. 



4. S. alba. While Muitard. Linn. Sp. PI. 933. Fl. 

 Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot. t. 1677. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. 

 t. 46. Mart. Ruft. t. 70. — Pods brittly, rugged, fhorter 

 than their own two-edged beak. Leaves piniiatifid. — Com- 

 mon in fields and by road-fides, flowering from June to 

 Augult. 'li\\c root liuA Jiem of this annual are like thofe 

 of the firit fpecies. Lo-uier leaves deeply pinnatifid ; upper 

 fomewhat lyrate ; all of them irregularly toothed and rough. 

 Flowers yellow. PoiL on nearly horizontal ftalks, ribbed, 

 v/ith a very long, fword-fliaped beak. Seeds large, globofe, 

 pale yellowifh, occallonally black. 



5. S. nigra. Common Muftard. Linn. Sp. PI. 933. 

 Fl. Brit. n. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 969. Woodv. Med. Bot. 

 t. 151. Mart. Rult. t. 51. — Pods fmooth, fquare, clofe 

 prefled to the Item. Upper leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, 

 fmooth. — A moft common weed on hedge banks, waftc 

 ground, and the borders of fields, flowering in ttie midll of 

 fummer. Root annual, fmall. Stem much branched, fpread- 

 ing, round, fmooth. Leaves ftalked, irregularly lobed and 

 toothed ; radical ones rough ; thole of the ftem and branches 

 fmooth and pendulous ; the upper ones deflexed, entire, nar- 

 row. Flowers numerous, fmall, bright yellow. Seeds fe- 

 veral, round, fmooth, brown, funiifliing " our common 

 table muftard, one of the moft ufeful and whokfomc of 

 ftimulants, both in cookery and medicine." 



6. S. pyrenalca. Pyrenean Muitard. Linn. Sp. PI. 934. 

 Allion. Pedem. t. 55. f. i. — Pods Itriated, Icabrous. 

 Leaveb runcinate, fmooth. — Native of the Pynnces, Mount 

 Ccnis, and fimilar fituations in the foutli of Europe. It 

 flowers about June. Root biennial. Stem angular, even, 

 itriated, wavy, fmooth. Leaves runcinate ; fer^ments of 

 the lower or radical ones toothed ; thole of the ilem lancco- 

 late. Flowers cluftered, Imall, yellow. Willdenow con- 

 iiders S. maritima of Allioni as a variety ol this fpecies. 



7. S. pubefcens. Downy Muitard. Linn. Maut. 95. 

 Prodr. Fl. Griec. 11. 1580. Ardnin Spec. v. 1.21. t. 9 — 

 Pods downy, ereft, willi a comprelled beak. Leaves ly. 

 rate, villous. — Native of Sicily, flowering in lune and July. 

 5/rm perennial, (hrubby. /.fare/ obtufe. /•Voii'i-r/ yell' w, 

 with undivided petals. Pods erett, hairy, or very downy, 

 as indeed arc all the parts of the plant. 



P. S. 



