S I N 



S I N 



Slid dried in the pod, (hould cither be thrafhed out direftly, 

 or (lacked up dry, and thrafhed at occafional opportunities 

 afterwards ; but the flrft is the beft method. 



SiNAPis Nigra, Common Black Mujlard, in the Materia 

 Medica, &c. is common in corn-fields and banks of ditches, 

 but is cultivated for ufe, and flowers in June. (See Sinapis 

 and Mustard. ) The feeds of this fpecies of muilard, which 

 are direfted by the London College, and thofe of the 

 S. alba, which are preferred by that of Edinb\irgh, are not 

 different in tafte or their general effefts, and anfwer equally 

 well for the table and for medical purpofcs. Their tafte is 

 acrid and pungent, and when bruifed this pungency becomes 

 volatile and affefts the fmell : they readily impart thefe qua- 

 lities to aqueous liquors, and by diftillation with water 

 yield an eiiential oil of great acrimony ; but to reftified 

 fpirits they give out very little either of their fmell or tafte. 

 When fubjefted to the prefs, they yield a confiderable quan- 

 tity of mild infipid oil, which is as free from acrimony as that 

 of almonds. By writers on the materia medica, muftard is con- 

 fidered as promoting appetite, affifting digeftion, attenuating 

 vifcid juices, and by ftimulating the fibres, proving a general 

 remedy in paralytic and rheumatic affeftions. In confi- 

 derable quantity, it opens the body and increafes the uri- 

 nary difcharge, and hence has been found ufeful in dropfical 

 complaints. In thefe affeftions, perhaps, the beft mode of 

 exhibiting muftard, is in the form of whey, which is made 

 by boiling jiv of the bruifed feeds in qj of milk, and 

 draining to feparate the curd. A fourth part of this quan- 

 tity may be taken for a dofe three times a day. It has alfo 

 been recommended as an antifcorbutic ; though Haller fays 

 that the ufe of muftard difpofes the humours to putrefcency, 

 to which opinion he was probably inclined by the fuppofition 

 that it contained volatile alkali ; but it has been found that 

 vegetables reckoned among the alkalefcent plants may be fo 

 direfted by fermentation as to be of the acefcent kind, and 

 the alkali obtained from them feems not to have exifted in 

 the vegetable in a feparate ftate. The great pungency of 

 thefe plants is therefore not to be afcribed to the volatile al- 

 kali, but to the cffential oil which they contain. Bergius 

 informs us, that he found muftard of great efficacy in curing 

 vernal intermittcnts ; for which purpofe he direfted a fpoon- 

 ful of the whole feeds to be taken three or four times a day, 

 during the apyrexia ; and when the difeafe was obftinate, he 

 added flour of muftard to the bark. Externally thefe feeds 

 are frequently ufed as a ftimulant or finapilm. The flour 

 rubbed on the fkin, or applied in the form of a cataplafm, 

 made into a pafte with crumbs of bread and vinegar, foon 

 excites a fenfe of pain, confiderable inflammation, and fome- 

 timeS vefication. In thefe forms it has been found fervice- 

 able in paralyfis, and applied to the foles of the feet in the 

 delirium of typhus, and in comatofe affeftions. It is ob- 

 ferved by Cullcn that the frefli powder of muftard fiiews 

 little pungency and much bittcrnefs ; but when it has been 

 inoiitened with vinegar, and kept for a day, the cftential oil 

 is evolved, and it becomes confiderably more acrid, as is 

 well known to thofe who prepare muftard for the table ; a 

 circumftance which (lio'ild be attended to when defigiicd for 

 external ufe. Muftard-feed may be moft conveniently given 

 entire or unbruifcd, and to the quantity of a fpoonful or half 

 an ounce for a dofe. The conlUtuentfi of muftard-feed ap- 

 pear to be ftarch, mucus, a bland fixed oil, an acrid volatile 

 oil, and an ammoniacal fait. The officinal preparations of 

 muftard are " cataplafma finapis," L. D. and " cmplaftrum 

 melocs compofitum," E. See Plaster. 



The cataplafm of muftard of the Lond. Ph. is prcparsd 

 by mixing muftard-feed and lint-feed, of each in powder 

 half a poimd, with a fufficient quantity of hot vinegar, to 



Vol. XXXII. 



the thicknefs of a cataplafm. The muftard cataplafm of 

 the Dub. Ph. is formed of muftard-feed in powder and 

 crumb of bread, of each half a pound, and a fufficient 

 quantity of vinegar. This preparation may be rendered 

 more acrid by adding two ounces of horfe-radifti finely 

 fcraped. Thefe' cataplafms are powerful local ftimulant*- 

 and rubefacients. They are to be fpread on cloth to the 

 thicknefs of about half an inch, and apphed to the foles of 

 the feet, in the low ftage of typhus fever, particularly when 

 ftupor or delirium is prefent, and in apoplexy, coma, and 

 other cafes in which there is a great determination to the 

 head. Their rubefacient eftefts are very quickly produced, 

 and often fo powerfully as to raife blifters on the part. 

 Cullen's Mat. Med. Woodv. Med. Bot. Thomfon'» 

 Lond. Difp. 



Sinapi Perficum, Pcrftan Mujlard, a name by which fome 

 botanical authors have called the thlafpi, or treacle muftard. 



SINAPISIS, a word ufed by fome writers as a name for 

 Armenian bole. 



SINAPISM, crivaTio-|uo;-, formed from Jlnafi, or a-nx-Trt, 

 mujlard-feed, in Pharmacy, an external medicine, in form of 

 a cataplafm. See SiNAi'is. 



SINAPISTRUM, in Botany, Tourn. Inft. 231. t. 116, 

 a name of Hermann's, alluding to the refemblance of the 

 plant, or at leaft of its pods, to Sinapls, or Muilard. See 

 Clkome. 



SINARA, the name of the male dancers, who, ac- 

 cording to the mythology of the Hindoos, amufe their god 

 Indra, regent of the firmament. (See Indra.) Thefe are 

 perhaps the fame beings whofe name is fometimes written 

 Cinnara, and defcribed to be human figures with the head 

 of a horfe, but we never faw them fo reprefented. See 

 Sitanta and SuiiA. 



SINARUM Regio, in JncUnt Geography, a country of 

 Afia, and the lall on the eaftern coaft, according to 

 Ptolemy. 



SINARUS, a river of India, which difcharges itfelf 

 into the Hydafpes, according to Arrian. 



SINASBARIUM, in Botany, a name given by fome 

 authors to the fifymbrium, or water-mint, common in all 

 our ditches and watery places. 



SINASSE, in Geography, a town of Abyffinia ; 40 milci 

 N.E. of Mine. 



SINAY, a fmall ifland near the W. coaft of the ifland 

 of Lu^on. N. lat. 18° 11'. E. long, izo""" 36'. 



SINBACH, or SiMPACH, a town of Bavaria; 5 miles 

 S. of I^andau. 



SINCAPOURA, or SiNCAPURA, an ifland, with a town 

 of the fame name, near the S. coaft of Malacca, whicl> 

 gives name to the narrow fea, calkd the " Straits of Sinca- 

 poura." N. lat. i^ 12'. E. long. 103° 30'. 



SIN-CARPOU, a town of Chineie Tartary ; 555 miles 

 E.N.E. of Peking. N. lat. 41^ 23'. E. long. 126-46'. 



SINCERITY, in luhics, is tliat excellent habitude and 

 temper of mind, which gives to virtue its reality, and makcg 

 it to be what it appears. Simplicily, called by the Grcekt 

 aT^oTDi, is included in this virtue, but does not exprefs the 

 whole of it ; fo that it is neceffary to add aXmua, truth : of 

 which two the firft ftands in oppnfition to what is mixed 

 and adulterated ; tlic other to what is counterfeit. Sincerity 

 has refpeft to two forts of objeft;; ; perfons and things. 

 Of the firft kind are God ; other men. and every man's (elf. 

 Sincerity, with regard to God, fignifies, that the form of 

 religion is accompanied with tlie power of it, and that j)iety 

 and obedience are fubllantial and iinaffefted ; proceeding 

 from principles, right in themfelves, and uniform in their 

 influence. Sincerity, as it regards men, implies an honcfty 

 5 F and 



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