S I V 



For a further account of Siva and Ins t'aniily, we refer to 

 leveral articles that have occurred in this work, and particu- 

 larly to Kama, Lotos, Matiii, Patra, Philosophy of 

 the Hindoos, Sects of Hindoos, Sagmka, Sankya, and 

 Vedanta. 



To this article reference is made from Parvati, of which 

 indeed this may be confidered as a continuation, and feveral 

 errors of the prefs occurring in the latter, we take this op- 

 portunity of pointing themout correftively. — Incol. 3, line 6, 

 for cap, read cup ; col. 4, 1. 35, for beauty's, read brevity's ; 

 col. 5, 1. 2, iox Karlikya, read Kartilya ; col. 5, 1. 9 from 

 the bottom, for central is, read central eye is. 



SIVAN, m Chronology, the third month of the JewiJh 

 ecclefialtical year, ani'wering to part of our May and 

 June. 



SIVAS, in Geography, a very large and populous town of 

 Afiatic Turkey, and capital of a government, to which it 

 gives name, the refidence of a pacha ; anciently called 

 " Stballe." It is very well watered by the river Caffal- 

 mack, and feveral fountains and many clear ilreams, which 

 run through it. It is feated on the W. fide of a very fertile 

 valley, which is almoll furrounded by lofty mountains, hav- 

 ing no opening except where the river runs in and out, through 

 a very narrow channel between two Iteep hills. Here are 

 two ttone bridges at the dillance of about a mile from each 

 ether. Corn m great abundance grows in this valley, but 

 here is not much fruit, excepting plums, apples, and pears ; 

 but of garden vegetables there is plenty. In the middle of 

 the town are feme very extenfive gardens ; and on an arti- 

 ficial hill is an old caiUe, now tumbling into ruins. The 

 houfes in general have a very ordinary appearance, though 

 the neighbourhood furnifhes plenty of good materials for 

 building ; a great quantity of unfquared timber being em- 

 ployed to fupport an immenfe weight of ftone and clay, with 

 which the houfes are covered. The inhabitants appear to 

 enjoy much liberty ; nor are the women confined, as in fome 

 large cities to the eallward. According to Mr. Jackfon's 

 account in his " Journey from India," Sivas is nearly as 

 large as Liverpool, contains as many houfes, and is fully as 

 populous. Although moil of the private houfes are indif- 

 ferent itruClures, many of the public buildings are elegant, 

 and fomc of the monuments very lofty. In the year 1394 

 this city was taken by Bajazet, and foon after by Tamer- 

 lane, who deitroyed the town and made a terrible (laughter 

 of the inhabitants. N. lat. 38 15'. E. long. 37=. 



SIVATA, in u4ncient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 Galatia. Ptolemy. 



SIVEH, in Geography, a town of Perfia, in the province 

 of Mekran, on the Nehenk ; no miles N.N.E. of Kidtre. 



SIUEN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the tiril rank, 

 in Fo-kien. N. lat. 24*^ 55'. E. long. 118^ 29'. 



SIVERIE. See Sf.veria. 



SI VERS, Henry Jacob, in Biography, was born at 

 Lubec in 1709. At the age of 17 he took his degree, as 

 mafter of arts, at Rollock, and having become foon after 

 a teacher in that feat of learning, he pubhlhed, in 1730, a 

 thefis, " De Fide Salvifica," by which he became advan- 

 tageoufly known to the literary world. It was, in fa<S, an 

 anfwer to a book written by Dr. Eric Pontoppidan, en- 

 titled *' The Bright Mirror of Faith, in which are difplayed 

 the Marks of the Children of God." Soon after he Hood 

 candidate for the miniftry at Lubec ; and, on being licenled, 

 he acquired fo much popularity, that the churches were 

 crowded wherever he preached. In 1734 he majje a tour 

 to Denmark and Sweden, to coUeft objects for a mufeum 

 «f natural hiftory which he begun to form, and fettling in 

 the latter, he was invited to be one of the pallors of the 



S I u 



German congregation at Norkoeping ; after this he was or- 

 dained by bilhop Berzelius, and in 1746 was made one of 

 the court chaplains. In 1747 he obtained the office of paftor 

 of Tryneryra from count Horn, and in the following year 

 he died, in the 50th year of his age. He was a man of 

 confiderable learning, and pofTefied a very fine library. He 

 had likewife accumulated a numerous coUedtion of antiqui- 

 ties, natural produftions, and various curiofities of art ; but 

 in 1737 he had been obhged to fell to count Charle-; Gyllen- 

 borg the half of his minerals, and a fine cabinet of Roman ■ 

 coins, which the count afterwards bequeathed to the aca- 

 demy of Lund. He carried on an extenfive correfpondence 

 with the celebrated Linnxus, and in 1731 was elefted 2 

 member of the Academy of Sciences at Berlin. He left 

 behind him a large number of MSB., and he is faid to have 

 publifhed more than a hundred different pieces, the titles of 

 many of which are given in the Gen. Biog. 



SIVIDURG, in Geography, a town of Hindooiian, in 

 Myfore ; 10 miles E. of Anantpour. 



SIUM, in Botany, an <ild Latin name, :7i'-y/ of Diofcorides, 

 of whofe etymology nothing plaiifible has occurred to us, 

 except the opinion of De Theis, who deduces the word 

 from the Celtic fiiu, water : — the plant thus called by 

 Diofcorides, and every other writer, being an aquatic, of a 

 imall llature, fucculent, and aromatic, with parfley-like 

 leaves, as defcribed in his work. Such is the Sium of 

 modern botanifts, as to moll of its fpecies ; but their medi- 

 cal qualities do not well anfwer to the report of this old 

 writer, the root efpecially being eftecmed highly dangerous, 

 like the generality of umbelliferous plants, that grow in 

 water ; nor fliould we trull to the herbage, either " recent 

 or boiled, to break down and expel calculi, to promote urine 

 or child-birth, or to cure the dyfentery." — Linn. Gen. 138. 

 Schreb. 18S. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. i. 1431. Mart. Mill. Did. 

 V. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 312. Prodr. Fl. Grxc. Sibth. v. i. 194. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 14.).. Purlh 194. Juff. 222. La- 

 marck lUullr. t. 197. G-.ertn. t. 23. — Clals and order, 

 Fentandria Digynia. Nat. Ord. Umbellate, Linn. Um- 

 belHfer,e, Julf. 



Gen. Ch. General Umbel various in different fpecies ; 

 partial fpreading, flat. General Involucrum reflexed, of nu- 

 merous lanceolate leaves, fliorter than the umbel ; partial of 

 many fmall linear leaves. Perianth fcarcely difcermble. Cor. 

 Univsrfal up.iform ; flowers all fertile ; partial of five equal 

 petals, rendered heart-fhaped by their inflexed points. Stam. 

 Filaments five, fimple ; anthers fimple. Pijl. Germen mi- 

 nute, inferior ; ftyles two, reflexed ; Itigmas obtufe. Pcric. 

 Fruit loundifh-ovate, comprefied, fmall, Itriated, feparable 

 into two parts. Seeds two, nearly ovate, convex and llriated 

 on the outer fide, flat on the other. 



Eff. Ch. Fruit nearly ovate, comprelled, ftriated. Gene- 

 ral and partial involucrum of many leaves. Petals heart- 

 ihaped, uniferm. 



1. &.flifolium. Thread-leaved Watcr-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 50. Willd. n. I. (" Conium tenuifolium ; Vahl 

 Symb. V. 3. 49.") — " Radical and llem-lcaves fimple, thiead- 

 (haped. Involucrum elongated." — Native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. We know nothing further about this fpecies. 



2. S. latifolium. Broad-leaved Water-parfnep. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 361. AVilld. n. 2. Fl. Brit. n. i. Engl. Bot. t. 204. 

 Fl. Dan. t. 246. Jacq. Auflr. t. 66. (Sium; Rivin. 

 Pentap. Irr. t. 78. S. majus latifolium ; Ger. Em. 256.) 

 — Leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, equally fer- 

 rated. — Native of rivulets, ditches, and watery ground, in 

 the north of Europe ; rather common in England, flower- 

 ing in July and Auguft. Root perennial, of ma.iy long, 

 tliick, whorled fibres, from the lower joints of the item, by 



which 



